Overhauled the name space, reworked some modules and removed the obsolescent Addison-Wesley copyright.
1000 lines
21 KiB
Groff
1000 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.TH ED 1 "21 May 1993"
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
ed, red \- text editor
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
ed [-] [-sx] [-p \fIstring\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
|
|
.LP
|
|
red [-] [-sx] [-p \fIstring\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.B ed
|
|
is a line-oriented text editor.
|
|
It is used to create, display, modify and otherwise manipulate text
|
|
files.
|
|
.B red
|
|
is a restricted
|
|
.BR ed :
|
|
it can only edit files in the current
|
|
directory and cannot execute shell commands.
|
|
|
|
If invoked with a
|
|
.I file
|
|
argument, then a copy of
|
|
.I file
|
|
is read into the editor's buffer.
|
|
Changes are made to this copy and not directly to
|
|
.I file
|
|
itself.
|
|
Upon quitting
|
|
.BR ed ,
|
|
any changes not explicitly saved with a
|
|
.I `w'
|
|
command are lost.
|
|
|
|
Editing is done in two distinct modes:
|
|
.I command
|
|
and
|
|
.IR input .
|
|
When first invoked,
|
|
.B ed
|
|
is in command mode.
|
|
In this mode commands are read from the standard input and
|
|
executed to manipulate the contents of the editor buffer.
|
|
A typical command might look like:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
,s/\fIold\fR/\fInew\fR/g
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
which replaces all occurences of the string
|
|
.I old
|
|
with
|
|
.IR new .
|
|
|
|
When an input command, such as
|
|
.I `a'
|
|
(append),
|
|
.I `i'
|
|
(insert) or
|
|
.I `c'
|
|
(change), is given,
|
|
.B ed
|
|
enters input mode. This is the primary means
|
|
of adding text to a file.
|
|
In this mode, no commands are available;
|
|
instead, the standard input is written
|
|
directly to the editor buffer. Lines consist of text up to and
|
|
including a
|
|
.IR newline
|
|
character.
|
|
Input mode is terminated by
|
|
entering a single period (\fI.\fR) on a line.
|
|
|
|
All
|
|
.B ed
|
|
commands operate on whole lines or ranges of lines; e.g.,
|
|
the
|
|
.I `d'
|
|
command deletes lines; the
|
|
.I `m'
|
|
command moves lines, and so on.
|
|
It is possible to modify only a portion of a line by means of replacement,
|
|
as in the example above. However even here, the
|
|
.I `s'
|
|
command is applied to whole lines at a time.
|
|
|
|
In general,
|
|
.B ed
|
|
commands consist of zero or more line addresses, followed by a single
|
|
character command and possibly additional parameters; i.e.,
|
|
commands have the structure:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.I [address [,address]]command[parameters]
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
The address(es) indicate the line or range of lines to be affected by the
|
|
command. If fewer addresses are given than the command accepts, then
|
|
default addresses are supplied.
|
|
|
|
.SS OPTIONS
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
-s
|
|
Suppresses diagnostics. This should be used if
|
|
.BR ed 's
|
|
standard input is from a script.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
-x
|
|
Prompts for an encryption key to be used in subsequent reads and writes
|
|
(see the
|
|
.I `x'
|
|
command).
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI \-p \ string
|
|
Specifies a command prompt. This may be toggled on and off with the
|
|
.I `P'
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.I file
|
|
Specifies the name of a file to read. If
|
|
.I file
|
|
is prefixed with a
|
|
bang (!), then it is interpreted as a shell command. In this case,
|
|
what is read is
|
|
the standard output of
|
|
.I file
|
|
executed via
|
|
.IR sh (1).
|
|
To read a file whose name begins with a bang, prefix the
|
|
name with a backslash (\\).
|
|
The default filename is set to
|
|
.I file
|
|
only if it is not prefixed with a bang.
|
|
|
|
.SS LINE ADDRESSING
|
|
An address represents the number of a line in the buffer.
|
|
.B ed
|
|
maintains a
|
|
.I current address
|
|
which is
|
|
typically supplied to commands as the default address when none is specified.
|
|
When a file is first read, the current address is set to the last line
|
|
of the file. In general, the current address is set to the last line
|
|
affected by a command.
|
|
|
|
A line address is
|
|
constructed from one of the bases in the list below, optionally followed
|
|
by a numeric offset. The offset may include any combination
|
|
of digits, operators (i.e.,
|
|
.IR + ,
|
|
.I -
|
|
and
|
|
.IR ^ )
|
|
and whitespace.
|
|
Addresses are read from left to right, and their values are computed
|
|
relative to the current address.
|
|
|
|
One exception to the rule that addresses represent line numbers is the
|
|
address
|
|
.I 0
|
|
(zero).
|
|
This means "before the first line,"
|
|
and is legal wherever it makes sense.
|
|
|
|
An address range is two addresses separated either by a comma or
|
|
semi-colon. The value of the first address in a range cannot exceed the
|
|
value of the the second. If only one address is given in a range, then
|
|
the second address is set to the given address. If an
|
|
.IR n- tuple
|
|
of addresses is given where
|
|
.I n > 2,
|
|
then the corresponding range is determined by the last two addresses in
|
|
the
|
|
.IR n- tuple.
|
|
If only one address is expected, then the last address is used.
|
|
|
|
Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted relative to the
|
|
current address. In a semi-colon-delimited range, the first address is
|
|
used to set the current address, and the second address is interpreted
|
|
relative to the first.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following address symbols are recognized.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\&.
|
|
The current line (address) in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
$
|
|
The last line in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
n
|
|
The
|
|
.IR n th,
|
|
line in the buffer
|
|
where
|
|
.I n
|
|
is a number in the range
|
|
.I [0,$].
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
- or ^
|
|
The previous line.
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
.I -1
|
|
and may be repeated with cumulative effect.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
-\fIn\fR or ^\fIn\fR
|
|
The
|
|
.IR n th
|
|
previous line, where
|
|
.I n
|
|
is a non-negative number.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
+
|
|
The
|
|
next line.
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
.I +1
|
|
and may be repeated with cumulative effect.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
+\fIn\fR or whitespace\fIn\fR
|
|
The
|
|
.IR n th
|
|
next line, where
|
|
.I n
|
|
is a non-negative number.
|
|
.I whitespace
|
|
followed by a number
|
|
.I n
|
|
is interpreted as
|
|
.IR +n .
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
, \fRor\fB %
|
|
The first through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to
|
|
the address range
|
|
.I 1,$.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
;
|
|
The
|
|
current through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent to
|
|
the address range
|
|
.I .,$.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI / re/
|
|
The
|
|
next line containing the regular expression
|
|
.IR re .
|
|
The search wraps to the beginning of the buffer and continues down to the
|
|
current line, if necessary.
|
|
// repeats the last search.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI ? re?
|
|
The
|
|
previous line containing the regular expression
|
|
.IR re .
|
|
The search wraps to the end of the buffer and continues up to the
|
|
current line, if necessary.
|
|
?? repeats the last search.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI \' lc
|
|
The
|
|
line previously marked by a
|
|
.I `k'
|
|
(mark) command, where
|
|
.I lc
|
|
is a lower case letter.
|
|
|
|
.SS REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
|
|
Regular expressions are patterns used in selecting text.
|
|
For example, the
|
|
.B ed
|
|
command
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
g/\fIstring\fR/
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
prints all lines containing
|
|
.IR string .
|
|
Regular expressions are also
|
|
used by the
|
|
.I `s'
|
|
command for selecting old text to be replaced with new.
|
|
|
|
In addition to a specifying string literals, regular expressions can
|
|
represent
|
|
classes of strings. Strings thus represented are said to be matched
|
|
by the corresponding regular expression.
|
|
If it is possible for a regular expression
|
|
to match several strings in a line, then the left-most longest match is
|
|
the one selected.
|
|
|
|
The following symbols are used in constructing regular expressions:
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
c
|
|
Any character
|
|
.I c
|
|
not listed below, including `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>',
|
|
matches itself.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR\e\fIc\fR
|
|
Any backslash-escaped character
|
|
.IR c ,
|
|
except for `{', '}', `(', `)', `<' and `>',
|
|
matches itself.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR.\fR
|
|
Matches any single character.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.I [char-class]
|
|
Matches any single character in
|
|
.IR char-class .
|
|
To include a `]'
|
|
in
|
|
.IR char-class ,
|
|
it must be the first character.
|
|
A range of characters may be specified by separating the end characters
|
|
of the range with a `-', e.g., `a-z' specifies the lower case characters.
|
|
The following literal expressions can also be used in
|
|
.I char-class
|
|
to specify sets of characters:
|
|
.sp
|
|
\ \ [:alnum:]\ \ [:cntrl:]\ \ [:lower:]\ \ [:space:]
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
\ \ [:alpha:]\ \ [:digit:]\ \ [:print:]\ \ [:upper:]
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
\ \ [:blank:]\ \ [:graph:]\ \ [:punct:]\ \ [:xdigit:]
|
|
.sp
|
|
If `-' appears as the first or last
|
|
character of
|
|
.IR char-class ,
|
|
then it matches itself.
|
|
All other characters in
|
|
.I char-class
|
|
match themselves.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Patterns in
|
|
.I char-class
|
|
of the form:
|
|
.sp
|
|
\ \ [.\fIcol-elm\fR.] or,
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
\ \ [=\fIcol-elm\fR=]
|
|
.sp
|
|
where
|
|
.I col-elm
|
|
is a
|
|
.I collating element
|
|
are interpreted according to
|
|
.IR locale (5)
|
|
(not currently supported).
|
|
See
|
|
.IR regex (3)
|
|
for an explanation of these constructs.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
[^\fIchar-class\fR]
|
|
Matches any single character, other than newline, not in
|
|
.IR char-class .
|
|
.IR char-class
|
|
is defined
|
|
as above.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
^
|
|
If `^' is the first character of a regular expression, then it
|
|
anchors the regular expression to the beginning of a line.
|
|
Otherwise, it matches itself.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
$
|
|
If `$' is the last character of a regular expression, it
|
|
anchors the regular expression to the end of a line.
|
|
Otherwise, it matches itself.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR\e<\fR
|
|
Anchors the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
|
immediately following it to the beginning of a word.
|
|
(This may not be available)
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR\e>\fR
|
|
Anchors the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
|
immediately following it to the end of a word.
|
|
(This may not be available)
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR\e(\fIre\fR\e)\fR
|
|
Defines a subexpression
|
|
.IR re .
|
|
Subexpressions may be nested.
|
|
A subsequent backreference of the form \fI`\en'\fR, where
|
|
.I n
|
|
is a number in the range [1,9], expands to the text matched by the
|
|
.IR n th
|
|
subexpression.
|
|
For example, the regular expression `\e(.*\e)\e1' matches any string
|
|
consisting of identical adjacent substrings.
|
|
Subexpressions are ordered relative to
|
|
their left delimiter.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
*
|
|
Matches the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
|
immediately preceding it zero or more times. If '*' is the first
|
|
character of a regular expression or subexpression, then it matches
|
|
itself. The `*' operator sometimes yields unexpected results.
|
|
For example, the regular expression `b*' matches the beginning of
|
|
the string `abbb' (as opposed to the substring `bbb'), since a null match
|
|
is the only left-most match.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
\fR\e{\fIn,m\fR\e}\fR or \fR\e{\fIn,\fR\e}\fR or \fR\e{\fIn\fR\e}\fR
|
|
Matches the single character regular expression or subexpression
|
|
immediately preceding it at least
|
|
.I n
|
|
and at most
|
|
.I m
|
|
times.
|
|
If
|
|
.I m
|
|
is omitted, then it matches at least
|
|
.I n
|
|
times.
|
|
If the comma is also omitted, then it matches exactly
|
|
.I n
|
|
times.
|
|
|
|
.LP
|
|
Additional regular expression operators may be defined depending on the
|
|
particular
|
|
.IR regex (3)
|
|
implementation.
|
|
|
|
.SS COMMANDS
|
|
All
|
|
.B ed
|
|
commands are single characters, though some require additonal parameters.
|
|
If a command's parameters extend over several lines, then
|
|
each line except for the last
|
|
must be terminated with a backslash (\\).
|
|
|
|
In general, at most one command is allowed per line.
|
|
However, most commands accept a print suffix, which is any of
|
|
.I `p'
|
|
(print),
|
|
.I `l'
|
|
(list) ,
|
|
or
|
|
.I `n'
|
|
(enumerate),
|
|
to print the last line affected by the command.
|
|
|
|
An interrupt (typically ^C) has the effect of aborting the current command
|
|
and returning the editor to command mode.
|
|
|
|
.B ed
|
|
recognizes the following commands. The commands are shown together with
|
|
the default address or address range supplied if none is
|
|
specified (in parenthesis).
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.)a
|
|
Appends text to the buffer after the addressed line.
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
The current address is set to last line entered.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)c
|
|
Changes lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are deleted
|
|
from the buffer, and text is appended in their place.
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
The current address is set to last line entered.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)d
|
|
Deletes the addressed lines from the buffer.
|
|
If there is a line after the deleted range, then the current address is set
|
|
to this line. Otherwise the current address is set to the line
|
|
before the deleted range.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI e \ file
|
|
Edits
|
|
.IR file ,
|
|
and sets the default filename.
|
|
If
|
|
.I file
|
|
is not specified, then the default filename is used.
|
|
Any lines in the buffer are deleted before
|
|
the new file is read.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI e \ !command
|
|
Edits the standard output of
|
|
.IR `!command' ,
|
|
(see
|
|
.RI ! command
|
|
below).
|
|
The default filename is unchanged.
|
|
Any lines in the buffer are deleted before the output of
|
|
.I command
|
|
is read.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI E \ file
|
|
Edits
|
|
.I file
|
|
unconditionally.
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.I e
|
|
command,
|
|
except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI f \ file
|
|
Sets the default filename to
|
|
.IR file .
|
|
If
|
|
.I file
|
|
is not specified, then the default unescaped filename is printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)g /re/command-list
|
|
Applies
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
to each of the addressed lines matching a regular expression
|
|
.IR re .
|
|
The current address is set to the
|
|
line currently matched before
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
is executed.
|
|
At the end of the
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
command, the current address is set to the last line affected by
|
|
.IR command-list .
|
|
|
|
Each command in
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
must be on a separate line,
|
|
and every line except for the last must be terminated by a backslash
|
|
(\\).
|
|
Any commands are allowed, except for
|
|
.IR `g' ,
|
|
.IR `G' ,
|
|
.IR `v' ,
|
|
and
|
|
.IR `V' .
|
|
A newline alone in
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
is equivalent to a
|
|
.I `p'
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)G /re/
|
|
Interactively edits the addressed lines matching a regular expression
|
|
.IR re.
|
|
For each matching line,
|
|
the line is printed,
|
|
the current address is set,
|
|
and the user is prompted to enter a
|
|
.IR command-list .
|
|
At the end of the
|
|
.I `G'
|
|
command, the current address
|
|
is set to the last line affected by (the last)
|
|
.IR command-list .
|
|
|
|
The format of
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
is the same as that of the
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
command. A newline alone acts as a null command list.
|
|
A single `&' repeats the last non-null command list.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
H
|
|
Toggles the printing of error explanations.
|
|
By default, explanations are not printed.
|
|
It is recommended that ed scripts begin with this command to
|
|
aid in debugging.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
h
|
|
Prints an explanation of the last error.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.)i
|
|
Inserts text in the buffer before the current line.
|
|
Text is entered in input mode.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line entered.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.+1)j
|
|
Joins the addressed lines. The addressed lines are
|
|
deleted from the buffer and replaced by a single
|
|
line containing their joined text.
|
|
The current address is set to the resultant line.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (.)k lc
|
|
Marks a line with a lower case letter
|
|
.IR lc .
|
|
The line can then be addressed as
|
|
.I 'lc
|
|
(i.e., a single quote followed by
|
|
.I lc
|
|
) in subsequent commands. The mark is not cleared until the line is
|
|
deleted or otherwise modified.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)l
|
|
Prints the addressed lines unambiguously.
|
|
If a single line fills for than one screen (as might be the case
|
|
when viewing a binary file, for instance), a `--More--'
|
|
prompt is printed on the last line.
|
|
.B ed
|
|
waits until the RETURN key is pressed
|
|
before displaying the next screen.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line
|
|
printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)m(.)
|
|
Moves lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are moved to after the
|
|
right-hand destination address, which may be the address
|
|
.IR 0
|
|
(zero).
|
|
The current address is set to the
|
|
last line moved.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)n
|
|
Prints the addressed lines along with
|
|
their line numbers. The current address is set to the last line
|
|
printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)p
|
|
Prints the addressed lines. The current address is set to the last line
|
|
printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
P
|
|
Toggles the command prompt on and off.
|
|
Unless a prompt was specified by with command-line option
|
|
\fI-p string\fR, the command prompt is by default turned off.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
q
|
|
Quits ed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
Q
|
|
Quits ed unconditionally.
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.I q
|
|
command,
|
|
except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI ($)r \ file
|
|
Reads
|
|
.I file
|
|
to after the addressed line. If
|
|
.I file
|
|
is not specified, then the default
|
|
filename is used. If there was no default filename prior to the command,
|
|
then the default filename is set to
|
|
.IR file .
|
|
Otherwise, the default filename is unchanged.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI ($)r \ !command
|
|
Reads
|
|
to after the addressed line
|
|
the standard output of
|
|
.IR `!command' ,
|
|
(see the
|
|
.RI ! command
|
|
below).
|
|
The default filename is unchanged.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
.HP
|
|
.RI (.,.)s /re/replacement/
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.HP
|
|
.RI (.,.)s /re/replacement/\fRg\fR
|
|
.HP
|
|
.RI (.,.)s /re/replacement/n
|
|
.br
|
|
Replaces text in the addressed lines
|
|
matching a regular expression
|
|
.I re
|
|
with
|
|
.IR replacement .
|
|
By default, only the first match in each line is replaced.
|
|
If the
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
(global) suffix is given, then every match to be replaced.
|
|
The
|
|
.I `n'
|
|
suffix, where
|
|
.I n
|
|
is a postive number, causes only the
|
|
.IR n th
|
|
match to be replaced.
|
|
It is an error if no substitutions are performed on any of the addressed
|
|
lines.
|
|
The current address is set the last line affected.
|
|
|
|
.I re
|
|
and
|
|
.I replacement
|
|
may be delimited by any character other than space and newline
|
|
(see the
|
|
.I `s'
|
|
command below).
|
|
If one or two of the last delimiters is omitted, then the last line
|
|
affected is printed as though the print suffix
|
|
.I `p'
|
|
were specified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
An unescaped `&' in
|
|
.I replacement
|
|
is replaced by the currently matched text.
|
|
The character sequence
|
|
\fI`\em'\fR,
|
|
where
|
|
.I m
|
|
is a number in the range [1,9], is replaced by the
|
|
.IR m th
|
|
backreference expression of the matched text.
|
|
If
|
|
.I replacement
|
|
consists of a single `%', then
|
|
.I replacement
|
|
from the last substitution is used.
|
|
Newlines may be embedded in
|
|
.I replacement
|
|
if they are escaped with a backslash (\\).
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)s
|
|
Repeats the last substitution.
|
|
This form of the
|
|
.I `s'
|
|
command accepts a count suffix
|
|
.IR `n' ,
|
|
or any combination of the characters
|
|
.IR `r' ,
|
|
.IR `g' ,
|
|
and
|
|
.IR `p' .
|
|
If a count suffix
|
|
.I `n'
|
|
is given, then only the
|
|
.IR n th
|
|
match is replaced.
|
|
The
|
|
.I `r'
|
|
suffix causes
|
|
the regular expression of the last search to be used instead of the
|
|
that of the last substitution.
|
|
The
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
suffix toggles the global suffix of the last substitution.
|
|
The
|
|
.I `p'
|
|
suffix toggles the print suffix of the last substitution
|
|
The current address is set to the last line affected.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.,.)t(.)
|
|
Copies (i.e., transfers) the addressed lines to after the right-hand
|
|
destination address, which may be the address
|
|
.IR 0
|
|
(zero).
|
|
The current address is set to the last line
|
|
copied.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
u
|
|
Undoes the last command and restores the current address
|
|
to what it was before the command.
|
|
The global commands
|
|
.IR `g' ,
|
|
.IR `G' ,
|
|
.IR `v' ,
|
|
and
|
|
.IR `V' .
|
|
are treated as a single command by undo.
|
|
.I `u'
|
|
is its own inverse.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)v /pat/command-list
|
|
Applies
|
|
.I command-list
|
|
to each of the addressed lines not matching a regular expression
|
|
.IR re .
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)V /re/
|
|
Interactively edits the addressed lines not matching a regular expression
|
|
.IR re.
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.I `G'
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)w \ file
|
|
Writes the addressed lines to
|
|
.IR file .
|
|
Any previous contents of
|
|
.I file
|
|
is lost without warning.
|
|
If there is no default filename, then the default filename is set to
|
|
.IR file,
|
|
otherwise it is unchanged. If no filename is specified, then the default
|
|
filename is used.
|
|
The current address is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)wq \ file
|
|
Writes the addressed lines to
|
|
.IR file ,
|
|
and then executes a
|
|
.I `q'
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)w \ !command
|
|
Writes the addressed lines to the standard input of
|
|
.IR `!command' ,
|
|
(see the
|
|
.RI ! command
|
|
below).
|
|
The default filename and current address are unchanged.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (1,$)W \ file
|
|
Appends the addressed lines to the end of
|
|
.IR file .
|
|
This is similar to the
|
|
.I `w'
|
|
command, expect that the previous contents of file is not clobbered.
|
|
The current address is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
x
|
|
Prompts for an encryption key which is used in subsequent reads and
|
|
writes. If a newline alone is entered as the key, then encryption is
|
|
turned off. Otherwise, echoing is disabled while a key is read.
|
|
Encryption/decryption is done using the bdes(1) algorithm.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI (.+1)z n
|
|
Scrolls
|
|
.I n
|
|
lines at a time starting at addressed line. If
|
|
.I n
|
|
is not specified, then the current window size is used.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line printed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.RI ! command
|
|
Executes
|
|
.I command
|
|
via
|
|
.IR sh (1).
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.I command
|
|
is `!', then it is replaced by text of the
|
|
previous
|
|
.IR `!command' .
|
|
.B ed
|
|
does not process
|
|
.I command
|
|
for backslash (\\) escapes.
|
|
However, an unescaped
|
|
.I `%'
|
|
is replaced by the default filename.
|
|
When the shell returns from execution, a `!'
|
|
is printed to the standard output.
|
|
The current line is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
($)=
|
|
Prints the line number of the addressed line.
|
|
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
(.+1)newline
|
|
Prints the addressed line, and sets the current address to
|
|
that line.
|
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.TP 20
|
|
/tmp/ed.*
|
|
Buffer file
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 20
|
|
ed.hup
|
|
The file to which
|
|
.B ed
|
|
attempts to write the buffer if the terminal hangs up.
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.IR vi (1),
|
|
.IR sed (1),
|
|
.IR regex (3),
|
|
.IR bdes (1),
|
|
.IR sh (1).
|
|
|
|
USD:12-13
|
|
|
|
B. W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger,
|
|
.I Software Tools in Pascal ,
|
|
Addison-Wesley, 1981.
|
|
|
|
.SH LIMITATIONS
|
|
.B ed
|
|
processes
|
|
.I file
|
|
arguments for backslash escapes, i.e., in a filename,
|
|
any characters preceded by a backslash (\\) are
|
|
interpreted literally.
|
|
|
|
If a text (non-binary) file is not terminated by a newline character,
|
|
then
|
|
.B ed
|
|
appends one on reading/writing it. In the case of a binary file,
|
|
.B ed
|
|
does not append a newline on reading/writing.
|
|
|
|
per line overhead: 4 ints
|
|
|
|
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
When an error occurs,
|
|
.B ed
|
|
prints a `?' and either returns to command mode
|
|
or exits if its input is from a script.
|
|
An explanation of the last error can be
|
|
printed with the
|
|
.I `h'
|
|
(help) command.
|
|
|
|
Since the
|
|
.I `g'
|
|
(global) command masks any errors from failed searches and substitutions,
|
|
it can be used to perform conditional operations in scripts; e.g.,
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
g/\fIold\fR/s//\fInew\fR/
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
replaces any occurrences of
|
|
.I old
|
|
with
|
|
.IR new .
|
|
If the
|
|
.I `u'
|
|
(undo) command occurs in a global command list, then
|
|
the command list is executed only once.
|
|
|
|
If diagnostics are not disabled, attempting to quit
|
|
.B ed
|
|
or edit another file before writing a modified buffer
|
|
results in an error.
|
|
If the command is entered a second time, it succeeds,
|
|
but any changes to the buffer are lost.
|