220 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
220 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd July 27, 2003
|
|
.Dt LAST 1
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm last
|
|
.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl swy
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
|
|
.Op Ar MM DD
|
|
.Ar hh mm
|
|
.Op Ar .SS
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Op Fl f Ar file
|
|
.Op Fl h Ar host
|
|
.Op Fl n Ar maxrec
|
|
.Op Fl t Ar tty
|
|
.Op Ar user ...
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility will either list the sessions of specified
|
|
.Ar users ,
|
|
.Ar ttys ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar hosts ,
|
|
in reverse time order,
|
|
or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
|
|
Each line of output contains
|
|
the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
|
|
hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
|
|
of the session.
|
|
If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
|
|
a crash or shutdown,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will so indicate.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following options are available:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent-two
|
|
.It Fl d Ar date
|
|
Specify the snapshot date and time.
|
|
All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
|
|
be reported.
|
|
This may be used with the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option to derive the results from stored
|
|
.Pa wtmp
|
|
files.
|
|
When this argument is provided, all other options except for
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
are ignored.
|
|
The argument should be in the form
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
|
|
.Op Ar MM DD
|
|
.Ar hh mm
|
|
.Op Ar .SS
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
where each pair of letters represents the following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It Ar CC
|
|
The first two digits of the year (the century).
|
|
.It Ar YY
|
|
The second two digits of the year.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar YY
|
|
is specified, but
|
|
.Ar CC
|
|
is not, a value for
|
|
.Ar YY
|
|
between 69 and 99 results in a
|
|
.Ar CC
|
|
value of 19.
|
|
Otherwise, a
|
|
.Ar CC
|
|
value of 20 is used.
|
|
.It Ar MM
|
|
Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
|
|
.It Ar DD
|
|
Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
|
|
.It Ar hh
|
|
Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
|
|
.It Ar mm
|
|
Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
|
|
.It Ar SS
|
|
Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar CC
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar YY
|
|
letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
|
|
year.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar SS
|
|
letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
|
|
.It Fl f Ar file
|
|
Read the file
|
|
.Ar file
|
|
instead of the default,
|
|
.Pa /var/log/wtmp .
|
|
.It Fl h Ar host
|
|
.Ar Host
|
|
names may be names or internet numbers.
|
|
.It Fl n Ar maxrec
|
|
Limit the report to
|
|
.Ar maxrec
|
|
lines.
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
|
|
default days, hours and minutes.
|
|
.It Fl t Ar tty
|
|
Specify the
|
|
.Ar tty .
|
|
Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
|
|
.Dq Li "last -t 03"
|
|
is
|
|
equivalent to
|
|
.Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
|
|
.It Fl w
|
|
Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
|
|
default days, hours and minutes.
|
|
.It Fl y
|
|
Report the year in the session start time.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If multiple arguments are given,
|
|
and a snapshot time is not specified,
|
|
the information which applies to any of the
|
|
arguments is printed, e.g.,
|
|
.Dq Li "last root -t console"
|
|
would list all of
|
|
.Dq Li root Ns 's
|
|
sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
|
|
If no
|
|
users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
prints a record of
|
|
all logins and logouts.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The pseudo-user
|
|
.Ar reboot
|
|
logs in at reboots of the system, thus
|
|
.Dq Li last reboot
|
|
will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
|
|
progressed.
|
|
If interrupted with a quit signal
|
|
.Nm
|
|
indicates how
|
|
far the search has progressed and then continues.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
|
|
.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
|
|
login data base
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr lastcomm 1 ,
|
|
.Xr utmp 5 ,
|
|
.Xr ac 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
|
|
that a logout record won't be written to the
|
|
.Pa wtmp
|
|
file.
|
|
In this case,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 3.0 .
|