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freebsd-dev/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
* IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static const char rcsid[] =
"$FreeBSD$";
#endif /* not lint */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/fdcio.h>
#include <sys/disk.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
(fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
MINCLS32)
#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
(fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
MAXCLS32)
#define mk1(p, x) \
(p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
#define mk2(p, x) \
(p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
(p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
#define mk4(p, x) \
(p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
(p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
(p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
(p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
struct bs {
u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
};
struct bsbpb {
u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
};
struct bsxbpb {
u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
};
struct bsx {
u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
};
struct de {
u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
};
struct bpb {
u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
u_int sec; /* total sectors */
u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
u_int hds; /* drive heads */
u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
};
#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
static struct {
const char *name;
struct bpb bpb;
} stdfmt[] = {
{"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
{"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
{"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
{"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
};
static u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
0xfa, /* cli */
0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
0xfb, /* sti */
0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
0x5e, /* pop si */
0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
0xfc, /* cld */
0xac, /* lodsb */
0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
0x0d, 0x0a,
'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
0x0d, 0x0a,
'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
0x0d, 0x0a,
0
};
static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
struct bpb *);
static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
static int oklabel(const char *);
static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
static void usage(void);
/*
* Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
*/
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
static char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f;
static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e;
static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r;
static u_int opt_s, opt_u;
static int opt_N;
static int Iflag, mflag, oflag;
char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
struct stat sb;
struct timeval tv;
struct bpb bpb;
struct tm *tm;
struct bs *bs;
struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
struct bsx *bsx;
struct de *de;
u_int8_t *img;
const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
ssize_t n;
time_t now;
u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
int ch, fd, fd1;
static off_t opt_create=0, opt_ofs=0;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
switch (ch) {
case '@':
opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
break;
case 'N':
opt_N = 1;
break;
case 'B':
opt_B = optarg;
break;
case 'C':
opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
break;
case 'F':
if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
strcmp(optarg, "32"))
errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
opt_F = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'I':
opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
Iflag = 1;
break;
case 'L':
if (!oklabel(optarg))
errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
opt_L = optarg;
break;
case 'O':
if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
opt_O = optarg;
break;
case 'S':
opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
break;
case 'a':
opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
break;
case 'b':
opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
opt_c = 0;
break;
case 'c':
opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
opt_b = 0;
break;
case 'e':
opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
break;
case 'f':
opt_f = optarg;
break;
case 'h':
opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
break;
case 'i':
opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
break;
case 'k':
opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
break;
case 'm':
opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
mflag = 1;
break;
case 'n':
opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
break;
case 'o':
opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
oflag = 1;
break;
case 'r':
opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
break;
case 's':
opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
break;
case 'u':
opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
break;
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
usage();
fname = *argv++;
if (!strchr(fname, '/')) {
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
err(1, NULL);
}
dtype = *argv;
if (opt_create) {
off_t pos;
if (opt_N)
errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
if (fd == -1)
errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
pos = lseek(fd, opt_create - 1, SEEK_SET);
if (write(fd, "\0", 1) != 1)
errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
pos = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
} else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 ||
fstat(fd, &sb))
err(1, "%s", fname);
if (!opt_N)
check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
if (opt_f) {
getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
bpb.sec = 0;
bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
bpb.spf = 0;
}
if (opt_h)
bpb.hds = opt_h;
if (opt_u)
bpb.spt = opt_u;
if (opt_S)
bpb.bps = opt_S;
if (opt_s)
bpb.bsec = opt_s;
if (oflag)
bpb.hid = opt_o;
if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
off_t delta;
getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
if (delta != 0) {
warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d",
(int)delta, bpb.spt);
bpb.bsec -= delta;
}
if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */
if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
bpb.spc = 1;
else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
bpb.spc = 8;
else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
bpb.spc = 16;
else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
bpb.spc = 32;
else
bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
}
}
if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
bpb.bps, MINBPS);
if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
if (opt_f)
fat = 12;
else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
fat = 32;
}
if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
if (opt_f && fat == 32)
bpb.rde = 0;
if (opt_b) {
if (!powerof2(opt_b))
errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
opt_b, bpb.bps);
if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
}
if (opt_c) {
if (!powerof2(opt_c))
errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
bpb.spc = opt_c;
}
if (opt_r)
bpb.res = opt_r;
if (opt_n) {
if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
opt_n, MAXNFT);
bpb.nft = opt_n;
}
if (opt_e)
bpb.rde = opt_e;
if (mflag) {
if (opt_m < 0xf0)
errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
bpb.mid = opt_m;
}
if (opt_a)
bpb.bspf = opt_a;
if (opt_i)
bpb.infs = opt_i;
if (opt_k)
bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
bss = 1;
bname = NULL;
fd1 = -1;
if (opt_B) {
bname = opt_B;
if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
err(1, NULL);
}
if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
err(1, "%s", bname);
if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
}
if (!bpb.nft)
bpb.nft = 2;
if (!fat) {
if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
bpb.nft +
howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
(bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
(bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
fat = 12;
else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
(bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
(MAXCLS16 + 1) *
(bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
fat = 16;
else
fat = 32;
}
x = bss;
if (fat == 32) {
if (!bpb.infs) {
if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
errx(1, "no room for info sector");
bpb.infs = x;
}
if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
x = bpb.infs + 1;
if (!bpb.bkbs) {
if (x == MAXU16)
errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
bpb.bkbs = x;
} else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
}
if (!bpb.res)
bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
else if (bpb.res < x)
errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
if (!bpb.spc)
for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
bpb.res +
howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
rds +
(u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
bpb.spc <<= 1);
if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
x1 = bpb.res + rds;
x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
x1 += x * bpb.nft;
x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
(bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
bpb.bps * NPB);
if (!bpb.bspf) {
bpb.bspf = x2;
x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
}
cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
if (cls > x)
cls = x;
if (bpb.bspf < x2)
warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
cls);
if (cls < mincls(fat))
errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
mincls(fat));
if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
cls = maxcls(fat);
bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
bpb.bsec);
}
printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
"(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
if (!bpb.mid)
bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
if (fat == 32)
bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
bpb.bsec = 0;
}
if (fat != 32) {
bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
bpb.bspf = 0;
}
print_bpb(&bpb);
if (!opt_N) {
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
now = tv.tv_sec;
tm = localtime(&now);
if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
err(1, NULL);
dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
x = lsn;
if (opt_B &&
fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
x -= bpb.bkbs;
if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
err(1, "%s", bname);
}
if (opt_B && x < bss) {
if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
err(1, "%s", bname);
if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
} else
memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
if (!lsn ||
(fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
if (fat == 32) {
bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
}
bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
if (Iflag)
x = opt_I;
else
x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
(u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
(u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
(u_int)tm->tm_min));
mk4(bsx->volid, x);
mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
if (!opt_B) {
x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
bs = (struct bs *)img;
mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
sizeof(bs->oem));
memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
}
} else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
(lsn == bpb.infs ||
(bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
mk4(img, 0x41615252);
mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
} else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
!((lsn - bpb.res) %
(bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
} else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
de = (struct de *)img;
mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
mk1(de->attr, 050);
x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
(u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
(u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
mk2(de->time, x);
x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
(u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
(u_int)tm->tm_mday;
mk2(de->date, x);
}
if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
err(1, "%s", fname);
if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Exit with error if file system is mounted.
*/
static void
check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
{
struct statfs *mp;
const char *s1, *s2;
size_t len;
int n, r;
if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
err(1, "getmntinfo");
len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
s1 = fname;
if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
s1 += len;
r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
for (; n--; mp++) {
s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
s2 += len;
if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
!strcmp(s1, s2))
errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
}
}
/*
* Get a standard format.
*/
static void
getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
{
u_int x, i;
x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
if (i == x)
errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
*bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
}
/*
* Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
*/
static void
getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
struct bpb *bpb)
{
struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
struct fd_type type;
off_t ms, hs = 0;
lp = NULL;
/* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
if (dtype != NULL) {
lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
}
/* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
if (lp == NULL) {
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
struct stat st;
if (fstat(fd, &st))
err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
/* create a fake geometry for a file image */
ms = st.st_size;
dlp.d_secsize = 512;
dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
lp = &dlp;
} else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
lp = &dlp;
}
}
/* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
if (lp == NULL) {
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1)
errx(1, "Cannot get number of sectors, %s", strerror(errno));
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks)== -1)
errx(1, "Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
}
hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
lp = &dlp;
}
if (bpb->bps == 0)
bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
if (bpb->spt == 0)
bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
if (bpb->hds == 0)
bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
if (bpb->bsec == 0)
bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
if (bpb->hid == 0)
bpb->hid = hs;
}
/*
* Print out BPB values.
*/
static void
print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
{
printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
bpb->nft);
if (bpb->rde)
printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
if (bpb->sec)
printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
if (bpb->spf)
printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
if (bpb->bsec)
printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
if (!bpb->spf) {
printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
printf(" infs=");
printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
printf(" bkbs=");
printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
}
printf("\n");
}
/*
* Check a disk geometry value.
*/
static u_int
ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
{
if (!val)
errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
if (val > MAXU16)
errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
return val;
}
/*
* Convert and check a numeric option argument.
*/
static u_int
argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
{
char *s;
u_long x;
errno = 0;
x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
return x;
}
/*
* Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
*/
static off_t
argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
{
char *s;
off_t x;
x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
/* allow at most one extra char */
if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
switch (*s) {
default:
errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
/* notreached */
case 's': /* sector */
case 'S':
x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
break;
case 'k': /* kilobyte */
case 'K':
x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
break;
case 'm': /* megabyte */
case 'M':
x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
break;
case 'g': /* gigabyte */
case 'G':
x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
break;
case 'p': /* partition start */
case 'P': /* partition start */
case 'l': /* partition length */
case 'L': /* partition length */
errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
/* notreached */
}
}
return x;
}
/*
* Check a volume label.
*/
static int
oklabel(const char *src)
{
int c, i;
for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
c = (u_char)*src++;
if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
break;
}
return i && !c;
}
/*
* Make a volume label.
*/
static void
mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
{
int c, i;
for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
*dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
}
}
/*
* Copy string, padding with spaces.
*/
static void
setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
{
while (len--)
*dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
}
/*
* Print usage message.
*/
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n");
fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: "
"just print out parameters\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
exit(1);
}
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