eef7327a68
PR: 41824 Submitted by: Slaven Rezic <eserte atvran dot herceg dot de> Obtained from: NetBSD MFC after: 1 week
212 lines
5.6 KiB
Groff
212 lines
5.6 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Donn Seeley at BSDI.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)setlocale.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 7, 2020
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.Dt SETLOCALE 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm setlocale
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.Nd natural language formatting for C
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In locale.h
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.Ft char *
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.Fn setlocale "int category" "const char *locale"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn setlocale
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function sets the C library's notion
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of natural language formatting style
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for particular sets of routines.
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Each such style is called a
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.Sq locale
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and is invoked using an appropriate name passed as a C string.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn setlocale
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function recognizes several categories of routines.
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These are the categories and the sets of routines they select:
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.Bl -tag -width LC_MONETARY
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.It Dv LC_ALL
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Set the entire locale generically.
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.It Dv LC_COLLATE
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Set a locale for string collation routines.
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This controls alphabetic ordering in
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.Fn strcoll
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and
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.Fn strxfrm .
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.It Dv LC_CTYPE
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Set a locale for the
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.Xr ctype 3
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and
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.Xr multibyte 3
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functions.
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This controls recognition of upper and lower case,
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alphabetic or non-alphabetic characters,
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and so on.
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.It Dv LC_MESSAGES
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Set a locale for message catalogs, see
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.Xr catopen 3
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function.
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.It Dv LC_MONETARY
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Set a locale for formatting monetary values;
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this affects the
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.Fn localeconv
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function.
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.It Dv LC_NUMERIC
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Set a locale for formatting numbers.
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This controls the formatting of decimal points
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in input and output of floating point numbers
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in functions such as
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.Fn printf
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and
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.Fn scanf ,
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as well as values returned by
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.Fn localeconv .
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.It Dv LC_TIME
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Set a locale for formatting dates and times using the
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.Fn strftime
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function.
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.It Dv LANG
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Sets the generic locale category for native language, local customs
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and coded character set in the absence of more specific locale
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variables.
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.El
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.Pp
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Only three locales are defined by default,
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the empty string
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.Li \&"\|"
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which denotes the native environment, and the
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.Li \&"C"
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and
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.Li \&"POSIX"
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locales, which denote the C language environment.
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A
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.Fa locale
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argument of
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.Dv NULL
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causes
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.Fn setlocale
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to return the current locale.
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.Pp
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The option
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.Fl a
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to the
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.Xr locale 1
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command can be used to display all further possible names for the
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.Fa locale
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argument that are recognized.
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Specifying any unrecognized value for
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.Fa locale
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makes
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.Fn setlocale
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fail.
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.Pp
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By default, C programs start in the
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.Li \&"C"
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locale.
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.Pp
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The only function in the library that sets the locale is
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.Fn setlocale ;
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the locale is never changed as a side effect of some other routine.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion,
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.Fn setlocale
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returns the string associated with the specified
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.Fa category
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for the requested
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.Fa locale .
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The
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.Fn setlocale
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function returns
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.Dv NULL
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and fails to change the locale
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if the given combination of
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.Fa category
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and
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.Fa locale
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makes no sense.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The following code illustrates how a program can initialize the
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international environment for one language, while selectively
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modifying the program's locale such that regular expressions and
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string operations can be applied to text recorded in a different
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language:
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.Bd -literal
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setlocale(LC_ALL, "de");
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setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "fr");
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When a process is started, its current locale is set to the C or POSIX
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locale.
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An internationalized program that depends on locale data not defined in
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the C or POSIX locale must invoke the setlocale subroutine in the
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following manner before using any of the locale-specific information:
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.Bd -literal
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setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
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.Ed
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/locale/locale/category -compact
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.It Pa $PATH_LOCALE/ Ns Em locale/category
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.It Pa /usr/share/locale/ Ns Em locale/category
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locale file for the locale
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.Em locale
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and the category
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.Em category .
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.El
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.Sh ERRORS
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No errors are defined.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr locale 1 ,
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.Xr localedef 1 ,
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.Xr catopen 3 ,
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.Xr ctype 3 ,
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.Xr localeconv 3 ,
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.Xr multibyte 3 ,
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.Xr strcoll 3 ,
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.Xr strxfrm 3 ,
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.Xr euc 5 ,
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.Xr utf8 5 ,
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.Xr environ 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn setlocale
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function conforms to
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.St -isoC-99 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Fn setlocale
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function first appeared in
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.Bx 4.4 .
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