410 lines
11 KiB
Groff
410 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2000
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.\" Mike W. Meyer
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 5, 2005
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.Dt BUILD 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm build
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.Nd information on how to build the system
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The sources for the
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.Fx
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system and its applications are contained in three different directories,
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normally
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.Pa /usr/src ,
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.Pa /usr/doc ,
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and
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.Pa /usr/ports .
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Directory
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.Pa /usr/src
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contains the
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.Dq "base system"
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sources, which is loosely defined as the things required to rebuild
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the system to a useful state.
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Directory
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.Pa /usr/doc
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contains the source for the system documentation, excluding the manual
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pages.
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Directory
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.Pa /usr/ports
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contains a tree that provides a consistent interface for building and
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installing third party applications.
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For more information about the ports build process, see
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.Xr ports 7 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Xr make 1
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command is used in each of these directories to build and install the
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things in that directory.
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Issuing the
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.Xr make 1
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command in any directory or
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subdirectory of those directories has the same effect as issuing the
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same command in all subdirectories of that directory.
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With no target specified, the things in that directory are just built.
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.Pp
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A source tree is allowed to be read-only.
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As described in
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.Xr make 1 ,
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objects are usually built in a separate object directory hierarchy
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specified by the environment variable
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.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
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or under
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.Pa /usr/obj
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if variable
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.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
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is not set.
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For a given source directory, its canonical object directory
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would be
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.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
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if
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.Xr make 1
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variable
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.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
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is set, or
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.Pa /usr/obj${.CURDIR}
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if this variable is not set.
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Cross-builds set the object directory as described in the
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documentation for the
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.Cm buildworld
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target below.
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.Pp
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The build may be controlled by defining
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.Xr make 1
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variables described in the
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.Sx ENVIRONMENT
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section below, and by the variables documented in
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.Xr make.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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The following list provides the names and actions for the targets
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supported by the build system:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm cleandepend"
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.It Cm clean
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Remove any files created during the build process.
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.It Cm cleandepend
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Remove the file
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.Pa ${.OBJDIR}/${DEPENDFILE}
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generated by a prior
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.Dq Li "make depend"
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step.
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.It Cm cleandir
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Remove the canonical object directory if it exists, or perform
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actions equivalent to
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.Dq Li "make clean cleandepend"
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if it does not.
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This target will also remove an
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.Pa obj
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link in
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.Pa ${.CURDIR}
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if that exists.
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.Pp
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It is advisable to run
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.Dq Li "make cleandir"
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twice: the first invocation will remove the canonical object directory
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and the second one will clean up
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.Pa ${.CURDIR} .
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.It Cm depend
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Generate a list of build dependencies in file
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.Pa ${.OBJDIR}/${DEPENDFILE} .
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.It Cm install
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Install the results of the build to the appropriate location in the
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installation directory hierarchy specified in variable
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.Va DESTDIR .
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.It Cm obj
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Create the canonical object directory associated with the current
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directory.
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.It Cm objlink
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Create a symbolic link to the canonical object directory in
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.Pa ${.CURDIR} .
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.It Cm tags
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Generate a tags file using the program specified in the
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.Xr make 1
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variable
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.Va CTAGS .
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The build system supports
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.Xr ctags 1
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and
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.Nm "GNU Global" .
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.El
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.Pp
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The other supported targets under directory
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.Pa /usr/src
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are:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm distributeworld"
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.It Cm buildenv
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Spawn an interactive shell with environment variables set up for
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cross-building the system.
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The target architecture needs to be specified with
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.Xr make 1
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variables
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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and
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.Va TARGET .
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.Pp
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This target is only useful after a complete cross-toolchain including
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the compiler, linker, assembler, headers and libraries has been
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built; see the
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.Cm toolchain
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target below.
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.It Cm buildworld
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Build everything but the kernel, configure files in
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.Pa etc ,
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and
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.Pa release .
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The actual build location prefix used is
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.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
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for native builds, and
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.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}/${TARGET}${.CURDIR}
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for cross builds and native builds with variable
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.Va CROSS_BUILD_TESTING
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set.
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.It Cm cleanworld
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Attempt to clean up targets built by a preceding
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.Cm buildworld
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step.
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.It Cm distributeworld
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Distribute everything compiled by a preceding
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.Cm buildworld
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step.
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Files are placed in the directory hierarchy specified by
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.Xr make 1
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variable
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.Va DISTDIR .
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This target is used while building a release; see
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.Xr release 7 .
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.It Cm installworld
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Install everything built by a preceding
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.Cm buildworld
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step into the directory hierarchy pointed to by
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.Xr make 1
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variable
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.Va DESTDIR .
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.It Cm toolchain
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Create the build toolchain needed to build the rest of the system.
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For cross-architecture builds, this step creates a cross-toolchain.
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.It Cm universe
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Execute a
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.Cm buildworld
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and
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.Cm buildkernel
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for all kernels including
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.Pa LINT ,
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for each architecture supported by the build system.
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This command takes a long time.
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.It Cm update
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Get updated sources as configured in
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.Xr make.conf 5 .
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.El
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.Pp
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Kernel specific build targets in
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.Pa /usr/src
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are:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm reinstallkernel"
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.It Cm buildkernel
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Rebuild the kernel and the kernel modules.
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.It Cm installkernel
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Install the kernel and the kernel modules to directory
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.Pa ${DESTDIR}/boot/kernel ,
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renaming any pre-existing directory with this name to
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.Pa kernel.old
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if it contained the currently running kernel.
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The target directory under
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.Pa ${DESTDIR}
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may be modified using the
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.Va INSTKERNNAME
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and
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.Va KODIR
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.Xr make 1
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variables.
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.It Cm kernel
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Equivalent to
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.Cm buildkernel
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followed by
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.Cm installkernel
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.It Cm kernel-toolchain
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Rebuild the tools needed for kernel compilation.
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Use this if you did not do a
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.Cm buildworld
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first.
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.It Cm reinstallkernel
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Reinstall the kernel and the kernel modules, overwriting the contents
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of the target directory.
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As with the
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.Cm installkernel
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target, the target directory can be specified using the
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.Xr make 1
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variable
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.Va INSTKERNNAME .
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.El
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.Pp
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Convenience targets for cleaning up the install destination directory
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denoted by variable
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.Va DESTDIR
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include:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm delete-old-libs"
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.It Cm check-old
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Print a list of old files and directores in the system.
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.It Cm delete-old
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Delete obsolete base system files and directories interactively.
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When
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.Li -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES
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is specified at the command line, the delete operation will be
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non-interactive.
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The variables
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.Va DESTDIR ,
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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and
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.Va TARGET
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should be set as with
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.Dq Li "make installworld" .
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.It Cm delete-old-libs
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Delete obsolete base system libraries interactively.
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This target should only be used if no 3rd party software uses these
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libraries.
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When
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.Li -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES
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is specified at the command line, the delete operation will be
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non-interactive.
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The variables
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.Va DESTDIR ,
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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and
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.Va TARGET
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should be set as with
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.Dq Li "make installworld" .
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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Variables that influence all builds include:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX"
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.It Va DESTDIR
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The directory hierarchy prefix where built objects will be installed.
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If not set,
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.Va DESTDIR
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defaults to the empty string.
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.It Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
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Defines the prefix for directory names in the tree of built objects.
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Defaults to
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.Pa /usr/obj
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if not defined.
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This variable should only be set in the environment and not via
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.Pa /etc/make.conf
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or the command line.
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.It Va NO_WERROR
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If defined, compiler warnings will not cause the build to halt,
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even if the makefile says otherwise.
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.El
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.Pp
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Additionally, builds in
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.Pa /usr/src
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are influenced by the following
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.Xr make 1
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variables:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va SUBDIR_OVERRIDE"
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.It Va LOCAL_DIRS
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If set, this variable supplies a list of additional directories to
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build, relative to the root of the source tree.
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.It Va SUBDIR_OVERRIDE
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Override the default list of sub-directories and only build the
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sub-directory named in this variable.
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This variable is useful when debugging failed builds.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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make some-target SUBDIR_OVERRIDE=foo/bar
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.Ed
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.It Va TARGET
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The target hardware platform.
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This is analogous to the
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.Dq Nm uname Fl m
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output.
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This is necessary to cross-build some target architectures.
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For example, cross-building for PC98 machines requires
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.Va TARGET_ARCH Ns = Ns Li i386
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and
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.Va TARGET Ns = Ns Li pc98 .
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If not set,
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.Va TARGET
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defaults to the current hardware platform.
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.It Va TARGET_ARCH
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The target machine processor architecture.
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This is analogous to the
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.Dq Nm uname Fl p
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output.
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Set this to cross-build for a different architecture.
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If not set,
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.Va TARGET_ARCH
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defaults to the current machine architecture.
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.El
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.Pp
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Builds under directory
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.Pa /usr/doc
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are influenced by the following
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.Xr make 1
|
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variables:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Va DOC_LANG"
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.It Va DOC_LANG
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If set, restricts the documentation build to the language subdirectories
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specified as its content.
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The default action is to build documentation for all languages.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf" -compact
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.It Pa /usr/doc/Makefile
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.It Pa /usr/doc/share/mk/doc.project.mk
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.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
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.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.sites.mk
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.It Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
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.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile
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.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile.inc1
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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For an
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.Dq approved
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method of updating your system from the latest sources, please see the
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.Sx COMMON ITEMS
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section in
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.Pa src/UPDATING .
|
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.Pp
|
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The following sequence of commands can be used to cross-build the
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system for the Alpha architecture on an i386 host:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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cd /usr/src
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make TARGET_ARCH=alpha buildworld
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make TARGET_ARCH=alpha DESTDIR=/clients/axp installworld
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr cc 1 ,
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.Xr install 1 ,
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.Xr make 1 ,
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.Xr make.conf 5 ,
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.Xr ports 7 ,
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.Xr release 7 ,
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.Xr config 8 ,
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.Xr mergemaster 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Mike W. Meyer Aq mwm@mired.org .
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