exponent bits of the reduced result, construct 2**k (hopefully in parallel with the construction of the reduced result) and multiply by it. This tends to be much faster if the construction of 2**k is actually in parallel, and might be faster even with no parallelism since adjustment of the exponent requires a read-modify-wrtite at an unfortunate time for pipelines. In some cases involving exp2* on amd64 (A64), this change saves about 40 cycles or 30%. I think it is inherently only about 12 cycles faster in these cases and the rest of the speedup is from partly-accidentally avoiding compiler pessimizations (the construction of 2**k is now manually scheduled for good results, and -O2 doesn't always mess this up). In most cases on amd64 (A64) and i386 (A64) the speedup is about 20 cycles. The worst case that I found is expf on ia64 where this change is a pessimization of about 10 cycles or 5%. The manual scheduling for plain exp[f] is harder and not as tuned. Details specific to expm1*: - the saving is closer to 12 cycles than to 40 for expm1* on i386 (A64). For some reason it is much larger for negative args. - also convert to __FBSDID(). |
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arm | ||
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i387 | ||
ia64 | ||
ld80 | ||
ld128 | ||
man | ||
powerpc | ||
sparc64 | ||
src | ||
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Symbol.map |