5091080e15
mark up a sample invocation, since it is not a command internal to the described utility. Do not use Ar (argument) to mark up something which is not an argument to the utility or one of its internal commands.
191 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
191 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 2, 1995
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.Dt CAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm cat
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.Nd concatenate and print files
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm cat
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.Op Fl benstuv
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.Op Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output.
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The
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.Ar file
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operands are processed in command-line order.
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If
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.Ar file
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is a single dash
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.Pq Sq \&-
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or absent,
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.Nm
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reads from the standard input.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b
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Number the non-blank output lines, starting at 1.
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.It Fl e
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Display non-printing characters (see the
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.Fl v
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option), and display a dollar sign
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.Pq Ql \&$
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at the end of each line.
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.It Fl n
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Number the output lines, starting at 1.
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.It Fl s
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Squeeze multiple adjacent empty lines, causing the output to be
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single spaced.
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.It Fl t
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Display non-printing characters (see the
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.Fl v
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option), and display tab characters as
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.Ql ^I .
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.It Fl u
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The
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.Fl u
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option guarantees that the output is unbuffered.
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.It Fl v
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Display non-printing characters so they are visible.
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Control characters print as
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.Ql ^X
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for control-X; the delete
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character (octal 0177) prints as
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.Ql ^?
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.Pf Non- Tn ASCII
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characters (with the high bit set) are printed as
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.Ql M-
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(for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits.
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Ic cat file1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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will print the contents of
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.Ar file1
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to the standard output.
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.Pp
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The command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Ic cat file1 file2 > file3
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.Ed
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.Pp
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will sequentially print the contents of
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.Ar file1
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and
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.Ar file2
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to the file
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.Ar file3 ,
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truncating
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.Ar file3
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if it already exists.
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See the manual page for your shell (i.e.,
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.Xr sh 1 )
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for more information on redirection.
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.Pp
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The command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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.Ic cat file1 - file2 - file3
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.Ed
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.Pp
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will print the contents of
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.Ar file1 ,
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print data it receives from the standard input until it receives an
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.Dv EOF
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.Pq Sq ^D
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character, print the contents of
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.Ar file2 ,
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read and output contents of the standard input again, then finally output
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the contents of
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.Ar file3 .
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Note that if the standard input referred to a file, the second dash
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on the command-line would have no effect, since the entire contents of the file
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would have already been read and printed by
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.Nm
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when it encountered the first
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.Ql \&-
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operand.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr head 1 ,
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.Xr more 1 ,
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.Xr pr 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr tail 1 ,
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.Xr vis 1 ,
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.Xr setbuf 3
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.Rs
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.%A Rob Pike
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.%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful"
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.%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings"
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.%D 1983
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.Re
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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utility is compliant with the
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.St -p1003.2-92
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specification.
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.Pp
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The flags
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.Op Fl benstv
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are extensions to the specification.
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.At v1 .
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.An Dennis Ritchie
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designed and wrote the first man page.
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It appears to have been
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.Xr cat 1 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output
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redirection, the command
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.Dq Li cat file1 file2 > file1
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will cause the original data in file1 to be destroyed!
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