1030 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
1030 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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$FreeBSD$
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install.sgml
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This file has architecture-dependent installation instructions, culled
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from {alpha,i386}/INSTALL.TXT.
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-->
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<sect1 id="install">
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<title>Installing &os;</title>
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<para>This section documents the process of installing a new
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distribution of &os;. These instructions pay particular emphasis to
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the process of obtaining the &os; &release.current; distribution and
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to beginning the installation procedure. The <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html"><quote>Installing
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FreeBSD</quote></ulink>
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chapter of the <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">FreeBSD
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Handbook</ulink> provides more in-depth information about the
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installation program itself, including a guided walkthrough with
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screenshots.</para>
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<para>If you are upgrading from a previous release
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of &os;, please see <xref linkend="upgrading"> for instructions on
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upgrading.</para>
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<sect2 id="getting-started">
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<title>Getting Started</title>
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<para>Probably the most important pre-installation step that can
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be taken is that of reading the various instruction documents
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provided with &os;. A roadmap of documents pertaining to this
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release of &os; can be found in <filename>README.TXT</filename>,
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which can usually be found in the same location as this file; most
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of these documents, such as the release notes and the hardware
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compatibility list, are also accessible in the Documentation menu
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of the installer.</para>
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<para>Note that on-line versions of the &os; <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/">FAQ</ulink> and <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">Handbook</ulink> are also
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available from the <ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/">FreeBSD
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Project Web site</ulink>, if you have an Internet
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connection.</para>
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<para>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but the time
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spent reading them will likely be saved many times over. Being
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familiar with what resources are available can also be helpful in
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the event of problems during installation.</para>
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<para>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into
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trouble take a look at <xref linkend="trouble">, which contains
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valuable troubleshooting information. You should also read
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an updated copy of
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<filename>ERRATA.TXT</filename> before installing,
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since this will alert you to
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any problems which have reported in the interim for your
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particular release.</para>
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<important>
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<para>While &os; does its best to safeguard against
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accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to
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<emphasis>wipe out your entire disk</emphasis>
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with this installation if you make a
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mistake. Please do not proceed to the final &os;
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installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
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important data first.</para>
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</important>
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<sect2>
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<title>Hardware Requirements</title>
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<!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
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<para arch="i386,pc98">&os; for the &arch.print; requires a 386 or better
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processor to run (sorry, there is no support for 286 processors)
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and at least 5 megs of RAM to install and 4 megs of RAM to
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run. You will need at least 100MB of free hard drive space for the
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most minimal installation. See below for ways of shrinking
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existing DOS partitions in order to install &os;.</para>
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<!-- alpha text starts here -->
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<para arch="alpha">&os; for the &arch.print; supports the platforms
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described in <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
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<para arch="alpha">You will need a dedicated disk for
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&os;/alpha. It is not possible to share a disk with another
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operating system at this time. This disk will need to be attached
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to a SCSI controller which is supported by the SRM firmware or an
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IDE disk assuming the SRM in your machine supports booting from
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IDE disks.</para>
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<para arch="alpha">Your root filesystem MUST be the first
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partition (partition <literal>a</literal>) on the disk to be
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bootable.</para>
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<para arch="alpha">You will need the SRM console firmware for your
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platform. In some cases, it is possible to switch between
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AlphaBIOS (or ARC) firmware and SRM. In others it will be
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necessary to download new firmware from the vendor's Web
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site.</para>
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<!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
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<para arch="sparc64">&os; for the &arch.print; supports the platforms
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described in <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>.</para>
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<para arch="sparc64">You will need a dedicated disk for
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&os;/sparc64. It is not possible to share a disk with another
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operating system at this time.</para>
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<!-- generic text starts here -->
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<para>If you are
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not familiar with configuring hardware for &os;, you should
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be sure to read the <filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename> file;
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it contains important
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information on what hardware is supported by &os;.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="floppies">
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<title>Floppy Disk Image Instructions</title>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">Depending on how you choose to install &os;, you may need to
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create a set of floppy disks (usually two) to begin the installation
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process. This section briefly describes how to create these disks,
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either from a CDROM installation or from the Internet. Note that in
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the common case of installing &os; from CDROM, on a machine that
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supports bootable CDROMs, the steps outlined in this section will
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not be needed and can be skipped.</para>
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<para arch="i386,alpha">For most CDROM or network installations, all you need to
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copy onto actual floppies from the <filename>floppies/</filename> directory are the
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> and <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>
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images (for 1.44MB floppies). Depending on your hardware, you may
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also need to make the third <filename>drivers.flp</filename> image
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to provide necessary device drivers.</para>
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<para arch="pc98">For a normal CDROM or network installation, all you need
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to copy onto actual floppies from the <filename>floppies/</filename>
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directory are the <filename>kern.flp</filename> and <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>
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images (for 1.44MB floppies) or <filename>kern-small.flp</filename> and
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<filename>mfsroot-small.flp</filename> images (for 1.2MB floppies).</para>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">Getting these images over the network is easy. Simply fetch
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the
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<replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/kern.flp</filename>,
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<replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename>,
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and
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<replaceable>release</replaceable><filename>/floppies/drivers.flp</filename>
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files from <ulink
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url="&release.url;"></ulink>
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or one of the many mirrors listed at <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors-ftp.html">FTP
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Sites</ulink> section of the Handbook, or on the
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<ulink url="http://www.freebsdmirrors.org/"></ulink> Web pages.
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</para>
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<para arch="i386,alpha">Get two blank, freshly formatted floppies and image copy
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> onto one and <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> onto the other. These images are
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> DOS files. You cannot simply copy them to a DOS or UFS floppy
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as regular files, you need to <quote>image</quote> copy them to the floppy with
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<filename>fdimage.exe</filename> under DOS (see the
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<filename>tools</filename> directory on your CDROM or &os; FTP
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mirror) or the &man.dd.1; command in UNIX.</para>
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<para arch="pc98">Get two blank, freshly formatted floppies and image copy
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> onto one and <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> onto the other. These images are
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> DOS files. You cannot simply copy them to a DOS or UFS floppy
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as regular files, you need to <quote>image</quote> copy them to the floppy with
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<filename>rawrite.exe</filename> under DOS (see the
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<filename>tools</filename> directory on your CDROM or &os; FTP
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mirror) or the &man.dd.1; command in UNIX.</para>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">For example, to create the kernel floppy image from DOS, you'd
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do something like this:</para>
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<screen arch="i386,alpha"><prompt>C></prompt> <userinput>fdimage kern.flp a:</userinput></screen>
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<screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A></prompt> <userinput>rawrite</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="i386,alpha">Assuming that you'd copied <filename>fdimage.exe</filename> and <filename>kern.flp</filename> into a directory
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somewhere. You would do the same for <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>, of course.</para>
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<para arch="pc98">Assuming that you'd copied <filename>rawrite.exe</filename> and <filename>kern.flp</filename> into a directory
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somewhere. You would do the same for <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>, of course.</para>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">If you're creating the boot floppy from a UNIX machine, you
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may find that:</para>
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<screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/rfd0</userinput></screen>
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<screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1440</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">or</para>
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<screen arch="i386,alpha">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/kern.flp of=/dev/floppy</userinput></screen>
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<screen arch="pc98">&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=floppies/kern-small.flp of=/dev/rfd0.1200</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="i386,alpha,pc98">work well, depending on your hardware and operating system
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environment (different versions of UNIX have different names
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for the floppy drive).</para>
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<para arch="alpha">If you're on an alpha machine that can network-boot its
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floppy images or you have a 2.88MB or LS-120 floppy capable of
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taking a 2.88MB image on an x86 machine, you may wish to use
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the single (but twice as large) <filename>boot.flp</filename> image.
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It contains the contents of <filename>kern.flp</filename> and <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> on
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a single floppy. This file should also be used as the
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boot file for those mastering <quote>El Torito</quote> bootable CD images. See
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the &man.mkisofs.8; command for more information.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="start-installation">
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<title>Installing &os; from CDROM or the Internet</title>
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<!-- i386/pc98 text starts here -->
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<para arch="i386">The easiest type of installation is from
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CDROM. If you have a supported CDROM drive and a &os;
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installation CDROM, there are 2 ways of starting the
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installation from it:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>If your system supports bootable CDROM media
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(usually an option which can be selectively enabled in the
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controller's setup menu or in the PC BIOS for some
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systems) and you have it enabled, &os; supports the
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<quote>El Torito</quote> bootable CD standard. Simply
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put the installation CD in your CDROM drive and boot the
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system to begin installation.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build a set of &os; boot floppies from the
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<filename>floppies/</filename> directory in every &os;
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distribution. Either simply use the
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<filename>makeflp.bat</filename> script from DOS or read
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<xref linkend="floppies"> for more information on creating
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the bootable floppies under different operating systems.
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Then you simply boot from the first floppy and you should
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soon be in the &os; installation.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para arch="pc98">The easiest type of installation is from
|
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CDROM. If you have a supported CDROM drive and a &os;
|
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installation CDROM, there is a next way of starting the
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installation from it:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Build a set of &os; boot floppies from the
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<filename>floppies/</filename> directory in every &os;
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distribution. Read <xref linkend="floppies"> for more
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information on creating the bootable floppies under
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different operating systems. Then you simply boot from
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the first floppy and you should soon be in the &os;
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installation.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para arch="i386">If you don't have a CDROM (or your computer does not
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support booting from CDROM) and would like to simply install
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over the net using PPP, SLIP or a dedicated connection.
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You should start the installation by building
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a set of &os; boot floppies from the files
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<filename>floppies/kern.flp</filename> and
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<filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename> using the instructions
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found in <xref linkend="floppies">. Restart your computer using
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the <filename>kern.flp</filename> disk; when prompted, insert
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the <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> disk. Then, please go to
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<xref linkend="ftpnfs"> for additional tips on installing
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via FTP or NFS.</para>
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<para arch="pc98">If you don't have a CDROM and would like to
|
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simply install over the net using PPP, SLIP or a dedicated connection.
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You should start the installation by building
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a set of &os; boot floppies from the files
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<filename>floppies/kern.flp</filename> and
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<filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename> using the instructions
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found in <xref linkend="floppies">. Restart your computer using
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the <filename>kern.flp</filename> disk; when prompted, insert
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the <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> disk. Then, please go to
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<xref linkend="ftpnfs"> for additional tips on installing
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via FTP or NFS.</para>
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<!-- alpha text starts here -->
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<para arch="alpha">The easiest type of installation is from
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CDROM. If you have a supported CDROM drive and a &os;
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installation CDROM, you can boot &os; directly from the
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CDROM. Insert the CDROM into the drive and type the following
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command to start the installation (substituting the name of the
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appropriate CDROM drive if necessary):</para>
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<screen arch="alpha">>>><userinput>boot dka0</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="alpha">Alternatively you can boot the installation
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from floppy disk. You should start the installation by building
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a set of &os; boot floppies from the files
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<filename>floppies/kern.flp</filename> and
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<filename>floppies/mfsroot.flp</filename> using the instructions
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found in <xref linkend="floppies">. From the SRM console prompt
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(<literal>>>></literal>), just insert the
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> floppy and type the following
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command to start the installation:</para>
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<screen arch="alpha">>>><userinput>boot dva0</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="alpha">Insert the <filename>mfsroot.flp</filename>
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floppy when prompted and you will end up at the first screen of
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the install program.</para>
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<!-- sparc64 text starts here -->
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<para arch="sparc64">Most &arch; systems are set up to boot automatically from
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disk. To install &os;, you need to boot over the network or
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from a CDROM, which requires you to break into the PROM
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(OpenFirmware).</para>
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<para arch="sparc64">To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot
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message appears. It depends on the model, but should look about
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like:</para>
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<screen arch="sparc64">Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
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Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
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Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.</screen>
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<para arch="sparc64">If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, you
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need to press <keycombo
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action="simul"><keycap>L1</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
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or <keycombo
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action="simul"><keycap>Stop</keycap><keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
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on the keyboard, or send a <command>BREAK</command> over the
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serial console (using for example <command>~#</command> in
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&man.tip.1; or &man.cu.1;) to get to the PROM prompt. It looks
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like this:</para>
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<screenco arch="sparc64">
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<areaspec>
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<area id="prompt-single" coords="1 5">
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<area id="prompt-smp" coords="2 5">
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</areaspec>
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<screen><prompt>ok </prompt>
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<prompt>ok {0} </prompt></screen>
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<calloutlist>
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<callout arearefs="prompt-single">
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<para>This is the prompt used on systems with just one
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CPU.</para>
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</callout>
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<callout arearefs="prompt-smp">
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<para>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit
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indicates the number of the active CPU.</para>
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</callout>
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</calloutlist>
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</screenco>
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<para arch="sparc64">At this point, place the CDROM into your
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drive, and from the PROM prompt, type <command>boot
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cdrom</command>.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Detail on various installation types</title>
|
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|
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<para>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation
|
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screen somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu
|
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prompts and go from there. If you've never used the &os;
|
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installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of the
|
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documentation in the Documentation submenu as well as the
|
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general <quote>Usage</quote> instructions on the first menu.</para>
|
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|
|
<note>
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<para>If you get stuck at a screen, press the <keycap>F1</keycap> key for online
|
|
documentation relevant to that specific section.</para>
|
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</note>
|
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<para>If you've never installed &os; before, or even if you
|
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have, the <quote>Standard</quote> installation mode is the most recommended
|
|
since it makes sure that you'll visit all the various important
|
|
checklist items along the way. If you're much more comfortable
|
|
with the &os; installation process and know <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> what you
|
|
want to do, use the <quote>Express</quote> or <quote>Custom</quote> installation options. If
|
|
you're upgrading an existing system, use the <quote>Upgrade</quote> option.</para>
|
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|
|
<para>The &os; installer supports the direct use of floppy,
|
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DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation
|
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media; further tips on installing from each type of media are listed
|
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below.</para>
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<para arch="alpha">Once the install procedure has finished, you will be able
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to start &os;/&arch; by typing something like this to the SRM
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prompt:</para>
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<screen arch="alpha">>>><userinput>boot dkc0</userinput></screen>
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<para arch="alpha">This instructs the firmware to boot the specified disk. To
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find the SRM names of disks in your machine, use the <literal>show
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device</literal> command:</para>
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<screen arch="alpha">>>><userinput>show device</userinput>
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dka0.0.0.4.0 DKA0 TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57 3476
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dkc0.0.0.1009.0 DKC0 RZ1BB-BS 0658
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dkc100.1.0.1009.0 DKC100 SEAGATE ST34501W 0015
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dva0.0.0.0.1 DVA0
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ewa0.0.0.3.0 EWA0 00-00-F8-75-6D-01
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pkc0.7.0.1009.0 PKC0 SCSI Bus ID 7 5.27
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pqa0.0.0.4.0 PQA0 PCI EIDE
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pqb0.0.1.4.0 PQB0 PCI EIDE</screen>
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<para arch="alpha">This example is from a Digital Personal Workstation 433au
|
|
and shows three disks attached to the machine. The first is a
|
|
CDROM called <devicename>dka0</devicename> and the other two are
|
|
disks and are called <devicename>dkc0</devicename> and
|
|
<devicename>dkc100</devicename> respectively.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="alpha">You can specify which kernel file to load and what boot
|
|
options to use with the <option>-file</option> and
|
|
<option>-flags</option> options, for example:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen arch="alpha"><prompt>>>></prompt> <userinput>boot -file kernel.old -flags s</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="alpha">To make &os;/&arch; boot automatically, use these commands:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen arch="alpha"><prompt>>>></prompt> <userinput>set boot_osflags a</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>>>></prompt> <userinput>set bootdef_dev dkc0</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>>>></prompt> <userinput>set auto_action BOOT</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Installing from a Network CDROM</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive
|
|
then see <xref linkend="start-installation">. If you don't have a CDROM
|
|
drive on your system and wish to use a &os; distribution CD
|
|
in the CDROM drive of another system to which you have network
|
|
connectivity, there are also several ways of going about it:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If you would be able to FTP install &os; directly
|
|
from the CDROM drive in some &os; machine, it's quite
|
|
easy: You simply add the following line to the password file
|
|
(using the &man.vipw.8; command):</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>On the machine on which you are running the install,
|
|
go to the Options menu and set Release Name to
|
|
<literal>any</literal>. You may then choose a Media type of
|
|
<literal>FTP</literal> and type in
|
|
<filename>ftp://<replaceable>machine</replaceable></filename>
|
|
after picking <quote>URL</quote> in the ftp sites
|
|
menu.</para>
|
|
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>This may allow anyone on the local network (or Internet) to
|
|
make <quote>anonymous FTP</quote> connections to this
|
|
machine, which may not be desirable.</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM
|
|
directly to the machine(s) you'll be installing from, you
|
|
need to first add an entry to the
|
|
<filename>/etc/exports</filename> file (on the machine with
|
|
the CDROM drive). The example below allows the machine
|
|
<hostid role="hostname">ziggy.foo.com</hostid> to mount the
|
|
CDROM directly via NFS during installation:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The machine
|
|
with the CDROM must also be configured as an NFS server, of
|
|
course, and if you're not sure how to do that then an NFS
|
|
installation is probably not the best choice for you unless
|
|
you're willing to read up on &man.rc.conf.5; and configure things
|
|
appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you
|
|
should be able to enter: <filename><replaceable>cdrom-host</replaceable>:/cdrom</filename> as the path for
|
|
an NFS installation when the target machine is installed,
|
|
e.g. <filename>wiggy:/cdrom</filename>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Installing from Floppies</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to
|
|
unsupported hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the
|
|
hard way, you must first prepare some floppies for the
|
|
install.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>First, make your boot floppies as described in
|
|
<xref linkend="floppies">.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Second, peruse <xref linkend="layout"> and pay special attention
|
|
to the <quote>Distribution Format</quote> section since it describes which
|
|
files you're going to need to put onto floppy and which you can
|
|
safely skip.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as
|
|
it takes to hold all files in the <filename>bin</filename>
|
|
(binary distribution) directory. If you're preparing these
|
|
floppies under DOS, then these floppies
|
|
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be formatted using the MS-DOS
|
|
<filename>FORMAT</filename> command. If you're using Windows,
|
|
use the Windows File Manager format command.</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>Frequently, floppy disks come <quote>factory
|
|
preformatted</quote>. While convenient,
|
|
many problems reported by users in the past have resulted
|
|
from the use of improperly formatted media.
|
|
Re-format them yourself, just to make sure.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you're creating the floppies from another &os;
|
|
machine, a format is still not a bad idea though you don't need
|
|
to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the
|
|
&man.disklabel.8; and &man.newfs.8; commands to put a UFS filesystem on a
|
|
floppy, as the following sequence of commands
|
|
illustrates:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440</userinput>
|
|
&prompt.root; <userinput>disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3</userinput>
|
|
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll
|
|
need to copy the files onto them. The distribution files are
|
|
split into chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit
|
|
on a conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies,
|
|
packing as many files as will fit on each one, until you've got
|
|
all the distributions you want packed up in this fashion. Each
|
|
distribution should go into its own subdirectory on the floppy,
|
|
e.g.: <filename>a:\bin\bin.inf</filename>, <filename>a:\bin\bin.aa</filename>, <filename>a:\bin\bin.ab</filename>, ...</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>The <filename>bin.inf</filename> file also needs to go on the first floppy of
|
|
the <filename>bin</filename> set since it is read by the installation program in
|
|
order to figure out how many additional pieces to look for
|
|
when fetching and concatenating the distribution. When
|
|
putting distributions onto floppies, the
|
|
<filename>distname.inf</filename> file <emphasis>must</emphasis> occupy the first
|
|
floppy of each distribution set. This is also covered in
|
|
<filename>README.TXT</filename>.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select
|
|
<quote>Floppy</quote> and you'll be prompted for the rest.</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 arch="i386,pc98">
|
|
<title>Installing from a DOS partition</title>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="i386">To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you
|
|
should simply copy the files from the distribution into a
|
|
directory called <filename>FREEBSD</filename> on the Primary DOS partition (<devicename>C:</devicename>). For example, to do a minimal installation of &os; from
|
|
DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something
|
|
like this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="pc98">To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you
|
|
should simply copy the files from the distribution into a
|
|
directory called <filename>FREEBSD</filename> on the Primary DOS partition (<devicename>A:</devicename>). For example, to do a minimal installation of &os; from
|
|
DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something
|
|
like this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen arch="i386"><prompt>C:\></prompt> <userinput>MD C:\FREEBSD</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>C:\></prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
|
|
<screen arch="pc98"><prompt>A:\></prompt> <userinput>MD A:\FREEBSD</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>A:\></prompt> <userinput>XCOPY /S E:\BASE A:\FREEBSD\BASE</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Assuming that <devicename>E:</devicename> was where your CD was mounted.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="i386">For as many distributions as you wish to install from DOS (and
|
|
you have free space for), install each one in a directory under
|
|
<filename>C:\FREEBSD</filename> - the <filename>BIN</filename> dist is only the minimal requirement.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para arch="pc98">For as many distributions as you wish to install from DOS (and
|
|
you have free space for), install each one in a directory under
|
|
<filename>A:\FREEBSD</filename> - the <filename>BIN</filename> dist is only the minimal requirement.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once you've copied the directories, you can simply launch
|
|
the installation from floppies as normal and select <quote>DOS</quote> as
|
|
your media type when the time comes.</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>When installing from tape, the installation program
|
|
expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching
|
|
all of the files for the distributions you're interested in,
|
|
simply use &man.tar.1; to get them onto the tape with a command something like
|
|
this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd <replaceable>/where/you/have/your/dists</replaceable></userinput>
|
|
&prompt.root; <userinput>tar cvf /dev/rsa0 <replaceable>dist1</replaceable> .. <replaceable>dist2</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>When you go to do the installation, you should also make
|
|
sure that you leave enough room in some temporary directory
|
|
(which you'll be allowed to choose) to accommodate the <emphasis>full</emphasis>
|
|
contents of the tape you've created. Due to the non-random
|
|
access nature of tapes, this method of installation requires
|
|
quite a bit of temporary storage. You should expect to require
|
|
as much temporary storage as you have stuff written on tape.</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
|
|
the drive <emphasis>before</emphasis> booting from the boot floppies. The
|
|
installation <quote>probe</quote> may otherwise fail to find it.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<para>Now create a boot floppy as described in <xref linkend="floppies"> and
|
|
proceed with the installation.</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="ftpnfs">
|
|
<title>Installing over a Network using FTP or NFS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>After making the boot floppies as described in the first
|
|
section, you can load the rest of the installation over a
|
|
network using one of 3 types of connections: serial port,
|
|
parallel port, or Ethernet.</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>Serial Port</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited
|
|
primarily to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running
|
|
between two computers. The link must be hard-wired because
|
|
the SLIP installation doesn't currently offer a dialing
|
|
capability. If you need to dial out with a modem or otherwise
|
|
dialog with the link before connecting to it, then I recommend
|
|
that the PPP utility be used instead.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your
|
|
Internet Service Provider's IP address and DNS information
|
|
handy as you'll need to know it fairly early in the
|
|
installation process. You may also need to know your own IP
|
|
address, though PPP supports dynamic address negotiation and
|
|
may be able to pick up this information directly from your ISP
|
|
if they support it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You will also need to know how to use the various <quote>AT
|
|
commands</quote> for dialing out with your particular brand of modem
|
|
as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple terminal
|
|
emulator.</para>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>Parallel Port</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a hard-wired connection to another &os; or Linux
|
|
machine is available, you might also consider installing over
|
|
a <quote>laplink</quote> style parallel port cable. The data rate over the
|
|
parallel port is much higher than what is typically possible
|
|
over a serial line (up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a
|
|
quicker installation. It's not typically necessary to use
|
|
<quote>real</quote> IP addresses when using a point-to-point parallel cable
|
|
in this way and you can generally just use RFC 1918 style
|
|
addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. <hostid
|
|
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>, <hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.2</hostid>,
|
|
etc).</para>
|
|
|
|
<important>
|
|
<para>If you use a Linux machine rather than a &os;
|
|
machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify
|
|
<option>link0</option> in the TCP/IP setup screen's <quote>extra options for
|
|
ifconfig</quote> field in order to be compatible with Linux's
|
|
slightly different PLIP protocol.</para>
|
|
</important>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>Ethernet</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>&os; supports many common Ethernet cards; a table
|
|
of supported cards is
|
|
provided as part of the &os; Hardware Notes (see
|
|
<filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename> in
|
|
the Documentation menu on the boot floppy or the top level
|
|
directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the
|
|
supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's
|
|
plugged in <emphasis>before</emphasis> the laptop is powered on. &os; does
|
|
not, unfortunately, currently support <quote>hot insertion</quote> of
|
|
PCMCIA cards during installation.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You will also need to know your IP address on the
|
|
network, the <option>netmask</option> value for your subnet and the
|
|
name of your machine. Your system administrator can tell you
|
|
which values are appropriate to your particular network setup.
|
|
If you will be referring to other hosts by name rather than IP
|
|
address, you'll also need a name server and possibly the
|
|
address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
|
|
provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you want
|
|
to install by FTP via an HTTP proxy (see below), you will also
|
|
need the proxy's address.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you do not know the answers to these questions then
|
|
you should really probably talk to your system administrator
|
|
<emphasis>first</emphasis> before trying this type of
|
|
installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address or netmask
|
|
on a live network is almost guaranteed not to work, and will
|
|
probably result in a lecture from said system administrator.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
|
|
installation can continue over NFS or FTP.</para>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>NFS installation tips</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy
|
|
the &os; distribution files you want onto a server
|
|
somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If this server supports only <quote>privileged port</quote> access (this is
|
|
generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you
|
|
will need to set this option in the Options menu before
|
|
installation can proceed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very
|
|
slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
|
|
Options flag.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In order for NFS installation to work, the server must
|
|
also support <quote>subdir mounts</quote>, e.g. if your &os;
|
|
distribution directory lives on
|
|
<filename>wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>, then
|
|
<hostid role="hostname">wiggy</hostid> will have to allow
|
|
the direct mounting of <filename>/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</filename>, not just
|
|
<filename>/usr</filename> or <filename>/usr/archive/stuff</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In &os;'s <filename>/etc/exports</filename> file this is controlled by the
|
|
<option>-alldirs</option> option. Other NFS servers may have different
|
|
conventions. If you are getting <literal>Permission Denied</literal> messages
|
|
from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
|
|
properly enabled.</para>
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>FTP Installation tips</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
|
|
reasonably up-to-date version of &os;. A full menu of
|
|
reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
|
|
provided in the FTP site menu during installation.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
|
|
this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
|
|
configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by
|
|
selecting the <quote>URL</quote> choice in that menu. A URL can
|
|
contain a hostname or an IP address, so something like the following would
|
|
work in the absence of a name server:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/&arch;/4.2-RELEASE</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are three FTP installation modes you can use:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>FTP: This method uses the standard
|
|
<quote>Active</quote> mode for transfers, in which the
|
|
server initiates a connection to the client. This will
|
|
not work through most firewalls but will often work best
|
|
with older FTP servers that do not support passive mode.
|
|
If your connection hangs with passive mode, try this
|
|
one.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode
|
|
which prevents the server from opening connections to
|
|
the client. This option is best for users to pass
|
|
through firewalls that do not allow incoming connections
|
|
on random port addresses.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs &os;
|
|
to use HTTP to connect to a proxy for all FTP
|
|
operations. The proxy will translate the requests and
|
|
send them to the FTP server. This allows the user to
|
|
pass through firewalls that do not allow FTP at all, but
|
|
offer an HTTP proxy. You must specify the hostname of
|
|
the proxy in addition to the FTP server.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy that
|
|
does not go through HTTP, you can specify the URL as
|
|
something like:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>ftp://foo.bar.com:<replaceable>port</replaceable>/pub/FreeBSD</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the URL above, <replaceable>port</replaceable>
|
|
is the port number of the proxy FTP server.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
<sect3 arch="i386,alpha">
|
|
<title>Tips for Serial Console Users</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you'd like to install &os; on a machine using just a
|
|
serial port (e.g. you don't have or wish to use a VGA card),
|
|
please follow these steps:</para>
|
|
|
|
<procedure>
|
|
<step>
|
|
<para>Connect some sort of ANSI (vt100) compatible terminal
|
|
or terminal emulation program to the <devicename>COM1</devicename> port of the PC you
|
|
are installing &os; onto.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
<step>
|
|
<para>Unplug the keyboard (yes, that's correct!) and then
|
|
try to boot from floppy or the installation CDROM, depending
|
|
on the type of installation media you have, with the
|
|
keyboard unplugged.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
<step>
|
|
<para>If you don't get any output on your serial console,
|
|
plug the keyboard in again and wait for some beeps. If you
|
|
are booting from the CDROM, proceed to <xref
|
|
linkend="hitspace"> as soon as you
|
|
hear the beep.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
<step>
|
|
<para>For a floppy boot, the first beep means to remove the
|
|
<filename>kern.flp</filename> floppy and insert the
|
|
<filename>mfsroot.flp</filename> floppy, after
|
|
which you should press <keycap>Enter</keycap> and wait for another beep.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
<step id="hitspace">
|
|
<para>Hit the space bar, then enter</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>boot -h</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>and you should now definitely be seeing everything on
|
|
the serial port. If that still doesn't work, check your
|
|
serial cabling as well as the settings on your terminal
|
|
emulation program or actual terminal device. It should be
|
|
set for 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
</procedure>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Question and Answer Section for &arch.print; Architecture Users</title>
|
|
|
|
<qandaset arch="i386">
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete
|
|
everything first?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>If your machine is already running DOS and has little
|
|
or no free space available for &os;'s installation, all is
|
|
not lost! You may find the <application>FIPS</application>
|
|
utility, provided in the <filename>tools/</filename>
|
|
subdirectory on the &os; CDROM or on the various &os; ftp
|
|
sites, to be quite useful.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><application>FIPS</application> allows you to split an
|
|
existing DOS partition into two pieces, preserving the
|
|
original partition and allowing you to install onto the
|
|
second free piece. You first <quote>defrag</quote> your DOS
|
|
partition, using the DOS 6.xx <filename>DEFRAG</filename>
|
|
utility or the <application>Norton Disk Tools</application>,
|
|
then run FIPS. It will
|
|
prompt you for the rest of the information it needs.
|
|
Afterwards, you can reboot and install &os; on the new
|
|
partition. Also note that FIPS will create the second
|
|
partition as a <quote>clone</quote> of the first, so you'll
|
|
actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
|
|
where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can
|
|
simply delete the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure
|
|
it's the right one by examining its size).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><application>FIPS</application> does NOT currently
|
|
work with NTFS style partitions. To split up such a
|
|
partition, you will need a commercial product such as
|
|
<application>Partition Magic</application>. Sorry, but this
|
|
is just the breaks if you've got a Windows partition hogging
|
|
your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from
|
|
scratch.</para>
|
|
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from
|
|
&os;?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>No. If you are using a utility such as
|
|
<application>Stacker</application>(tm) or
|
|
<application>DoubleSpace</application>(tm), &os; will only
|
|
be able to use whatever portion of the filesystem you leave
|
|
uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as
|
|
one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). <emphasis>Do
|
|
not remove that file</emphasis> as you will probably regret
|
|
it greatly!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS
|
|
extended partition and use this for communications between
|
|
DOS and &os; if such is your desire.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end
|
|
of the other <quote>slices</quote> in &os;, e.g. your <devicename>D:</devicename> drive might
|
|
be <filename>/dev/da0s5</filename>, your <devicename>E:</devicename> drive <filename>/dev/da0s6</filename>, and so on. This
|
|
example assumes, of course, that your extended partition is
|
|
on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute <literal>ad</literal> for
|
|
<literal>da</literal> appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
|
|
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive,
|
|
e.g.:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d</userinput></screen>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Can I run DOS binaries under &os;?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Ongoing work with BSDI's &man.doscmd.1; utility will
|
|
suffice in many cases, though
|
|
it still has some rough edges. If you're interested in
|
|
working on this, please send mail to the &a.emulation;
|
|
and indicate that you're interested in joining this ongoing
|
|
effort!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename role="package">emulators/pcemu</filename> port/package in the
|
|
&os; Ports Collection which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS
|
|
services to run DOS text mode applications. It requires the
|
|
X Window System (XFree86) to operate.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
</qandaset>
|
|
|
|
<qandaset arch="alpha">
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Can I boot from the ARC or Alpha BIOS Console?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>No. &os;, like Compaq Tru64 and VMS, will only boot
|
|
from the SRM console.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete
|
|
everything first?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Unfortunately, yes.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>Can I mount my Compaq Tru64 or VMS extended partitions?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>No, not at this time.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>What about support for Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1) binaries?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>&os; can run Tru64 applications very well using the
|
|
<filename role="package">emulators/osf1_base</filename> port/package.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>What about support for Linux binaries?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>&os; can run AlphaLinux binaries with the assistance
|
|
of the <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename>
|
|
port/package.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>What about support for NT Alpha binaries?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>&os; is not able to run NT applications natively,
|
|
although it has the ability to mount NT partitions.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
</qandaset>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|