343 lines
6.0 KiB
Groff
343 lines
6.0 KiB
Groff
.TH BISON 1 local
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.SH NAME
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bison \- GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B bison
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[
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.BI \-b " file-prefix"
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] [
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.BI \-\-file-prefix= file-prefix
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] [
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.B \-d
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] [
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.B \-\-defines
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] [
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.B \-k
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] [
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.B \-\-token-table
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] [
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.B \-l
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] [
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.B \-\-no-lines
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] [
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.B \-n
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] [
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.B \-\-no-parser
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] [
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.BI \-o " outfile"
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] [
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.BI \-\-output-file= outfile
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] [
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.BI \-p " prefix"
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] [
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.BI \-\-name-prefix= prefix
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] [
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.B \-r
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] [
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.B \-\-raw
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] [
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.B \-t
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] [
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.B \-\-debug
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] [
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.B \-v
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] [
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.B \-\-verbose
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] [
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.B \-V
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] [
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.B \-\-version
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] [
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.B \-y
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] [
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.B \-\-yacc
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] [
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.B \-h
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] [
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.B \-\-help
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] [
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.B \-\-fixed-output-files
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]
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file
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Bison
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is a parser generator in the style of
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.IR yacc (1).
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It should be upwardly compatible with input files designed
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for
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.IR yacc .
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.PP
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Input files should follow the
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.I yacc
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convention of ending in
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.BR .y .
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Unlike
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.IR yacc ,
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the generated files do not have fixed names, but instead use the prefix
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of the input file.
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For instance, a grammar description file named
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.B parse.y
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would produce the generated parser in a file named
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.BR parse.tab.c ,
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instead of
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.IR yacc 's
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.BR y.tab.c .
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.PP
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This description of the options that can be given to
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.I bison
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is adapted from the node
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.B Invocation
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in the
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.B bison.texinfo
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manual, which should be taken as authoritative.
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.PP
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.I Bison
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supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long
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option names. Long option names are indicated with
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.B \-\-
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instead of
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.BR \- .
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Abbreviations for option names are allowed as long as they
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are unique. When a long option takes an argument, like
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.BR \-\-file-prefix ,
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connect the option name and the argument with
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.BR = .
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.SS OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BI \-b " file-prefix"
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.BI \-\-file-prefix= file-prefix
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Specify a prefix to use for all
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.I bison
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output file names. The names are
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chosen as if the input file were named
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\fIfile-prefix\fB.c\fR.
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.TP
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.B \-d
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-defines
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Write an extra output file containing macro definitions for the token
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type names defined in the grammar and the semantic value type
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.BR YYSTYPE ,
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as well as a few
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.B extern
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variable declarations.
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.sp
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If the parser output file is named
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\fIname\fB.c\fR
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then this file
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is named
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\fIname\fB.h\fR.
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.sp
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This output file is essential if you wish to put the definition of
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.B yylex
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in a separate source file, because
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.B yylex
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needs to be able to refer to token type codes and the variable
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.BR yylval .
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.TP
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.B \-r
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-raw
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The token numbers in the \fIname\fB.h\fR file are usually the Yacc compatible
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translations. If this switch is specified, Bison token numbers
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are output instead. (Yacc numbers start at 257 except for single character
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tokens; Bison assigns token numbers sequentially for all tokens
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starting at 3.)
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.TP
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.B \-k
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-token-table
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This switch causes the \fIname\fB.tab.c\fR output to include a list of
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token names in order by their token numbers; this is defined in the array
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.IR yytname .
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Also generated
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are #defines for
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.IR YYNTOKENS ,
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.IR YYNNTS ,
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.IR YYNRULES ,
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and
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.IR YYNSTATES .
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.TP
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.B \-l
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-no-lines
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Don't put any
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.B #line
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preprocessor commands in the parser file.
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Ordinarily
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.I bison
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puts them in the parser file so that the C compiler
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and debuggers will associate errors with your source file, the
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grammar file. This option causes them to associate errors with the
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parser file, treating it an independent source file in its own right.
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.TP
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.B \-n
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-no-parser
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Do not generate the parser code into the output; generate only
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declarations. The generated \fIname\fB.tab.c\fR file will have only
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constant declarations. In addition, a \fIname\fB.act\fR file is
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generated containing a switch statement body containing all the
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translated actions.
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.TP
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.BI \-o " outfile"
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.BI \-\-output-file= outfile
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Specify the name
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.I outfile
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for the parser file.
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.sp
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The other output files' names are constructed from
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.I outfile
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as described under the
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.B \-v
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and
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.B \-d
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switches.
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.TP
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.BI \-p " prefix"
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.BI \-\-name-prefix= prefix
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Rename the external symbols used in the parser so that they start with
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.I prefix
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instead of
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.BR yy .
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The precise list of symbols renamed is
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.BR yyparse ,
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.BR yylex ,
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.BR yyerror ,
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.BR yylval ,
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.BR yychar ,
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and
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.BR yydebug .
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.sp
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For example, if you use
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.BR "\-p c" ,
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the names become
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.BR cparse ,
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.BR clex ,
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and so on.
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.TP
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.B \-t
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-debug
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Output a definition of the macro
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.B YYDEBUG
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into the parser file,
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so that the debugging facilities are compiled.
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.TP
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.B \-v
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-verbose
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Write an extra output file containing verbose descriptions of the
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parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in
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that state.
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.sp
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This file also describes all the conflicts, both those resolved by
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operator precedence and the unresolved ones.
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.sp
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The file's name is made by removing
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.B .tab.c
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or
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.B .c
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from the parser output file name, and adding
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.B .output
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instead.
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.sp
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Therefore, if the input file is
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.BR foo.y ,
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then the parser file is called
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.B foo.tab.c
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by default. As a consequence, the verbose
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output file is called
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.BR foo.output .
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.TP
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.B \-V
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-version
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Print the version number of
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.I bison
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and exit.
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.TP
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.B \-h
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-help
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Print a summary of the options to
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.I bison
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and exit.
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.TP
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.B \-y
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-yacc
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.br
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.ns
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.TP
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.B \-\-fixed-output-files
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Equivalent to
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.BR "\-o y.tab.c" ;
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the parser output file is called
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.BR y.tab.c ,
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and the other outputs are called
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.B y.output
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and
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.BR y.tab.h .
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The purpose of this switch is to imitate
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.IR yacc 's
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output file name conventions.
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Thus, the following shell script can substitute for
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.IR yacc :
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.sp
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.RS
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.ft B
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bison \-y $*
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.ft R
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.sp
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.RE
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.PP
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The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well as `\-\-',
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for compatibility with previous releases. Eventually support for `+'
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will be removed, because it is incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
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.SH FILES
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/usr/share/misc/bison.simple simple parser
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.br
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/usr/share/misc/bison.hairy complicated parser
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.IR yacc (1)
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.br
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The
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.IR "Bison Reference Manual" ,
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included as the file
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.B bison.texinfo
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in the
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.I bison
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source distribution.
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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Self explanatory.
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