2162 lines
65 KiB
Groff
2162 lines
65 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)termcap.5 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/16/94
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.\"
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.\" /***************************************************************************
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.\" * COPYRIGHT NOTICE *
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.\" ****************************************************************************
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.\" * ncurses is copyright (C) 1992-1995 *
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.\" * Zeyd M. Ben-Halim *
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.\" * zmbenhal@netcom.com *
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.\" * Eric S. Raymond *
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.\" * esr@snark.thyrsus.com *
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.\" * *
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.\" * Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distribute ncurses *
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.\" * by any means and for any fee, whether alone or as part of a *
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.\" * larger distribution, in source or in binary form, PROVIDED *
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.\" * this notice is included with any such distribution, and is not *
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.\" * removed from any of its header files. Mention of ncurses in any *
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.\" * applications linked with it is highly appreciated. *
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.\" * *
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.\" * ncurses comes AS IS with no warranty, implied or expressed. *
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.\" * *
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.\" ***************************************************************************/
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 13, 2009
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.Dt TERMCAP 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm termcap
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.Nd terminal capability data base
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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file
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is a data base describing terminals,
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used,
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for example,
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by
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.Xr \&vi 1
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and
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.Xr ncurses 3 .
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Terminals are described in
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.Nm
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by giving a set of capabilities that they have and by describing
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how operations are performed.
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Padding requirements and initialization sequences
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are included in
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.Nm .
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.Pp
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Entries in
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.Nm
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consist of a number of `:'-separated fields.
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The first entry for each terminal gives the names that are known for the
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terminal, separated by `|' characters.
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The first name given is the most common abbreviation for the terminal.
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The last name given should be a long name fully identifying the terminal,
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and all others are understood as synonyms for the terminal name.
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All names but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks;
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the last name may well contain upper case characters and blanks for
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readability.
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.Pp
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Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry)
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should be chosen using the following conventions.
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The particular piece of hardware making up the terminal
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should have a root name chosen, thus
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.Dq hp2621
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This name should not contain hyphens.
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Modes that the hardware can be in
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or user preferences
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should be indicated by appending a hyphen and an indicator of the mode.
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Therefore, a
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.Dq vt100
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in 132-column mode would be
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.Dq vt100-w .
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The following suffixes should be used where possible:
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.Bl -column indent "With automatic margins (usually default)xx" -offset indent
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.Sy "Suffix Meaning Example"
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-w Wide mode (more than 80 columns) vt100-w
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-am With automatic margins (usually default) vt100-am
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-nam Without automatic margins vt100-nam
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.Pf \- Ar n Ta No "Number of lines on screen aaa-60"
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-na No arrow keys (leave them in local) concept100-na
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.Pf \- Ar \&np Ta No "Number of pages of memory concept100-4p"
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-rv Reverse video concept100-rv
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.El
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.Sh CAPABILITIES
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The description field attempts to convey the semantics of the
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capability.
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You may find some codes in the description field:
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.Bl -tag -width #[1-9]
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.It (P)
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indicates that padding may be specified.
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.It #[1-9]
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in the description field indicates that the string is passed through
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.Xr tparm 3
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or
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.Xr tgoto 3
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with parms as given (#\fIi\fP).
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.It (P*)
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indicates that padding may vary in proportion to the number of
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lines affected.
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.It (#\d\fIi\fP\u)
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indicates the \fIi\fP\uth\d parameter.
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.El
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.Pp
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These are the boolean capabilities:
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.Bd -literal
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\fBBoolean TCap Description\fR
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\fBVariables Code\fR
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auto_left_margin bw cursor_left wraps from column 0 to last
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column
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auto_right_margin am terminal has automatic margins
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no_esc_ctlc xb beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C)
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ceol_standout_glitch xs standout not erased by overwriting (hp)
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eat_newline_glitch xn newline ignored after 80 cols (concept)
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erase_overstrike eo can erase overstrikes with a blank
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generic_type gn generic line type
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hard_copy hc hardcopy terminal
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has_meta_key km Has a meta key, sets msb high
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has_status_line hs has extra status line
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insert_null_glitch in insert mode distinguishes nulls
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memory_above da display may be retained above the screen
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memory_below db display may be retained below the screen
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move_insert_mode mi safe to move while in insert mode
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move_standout_mode ms safe to move while in standout mode
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over_strike os terminal can overstrike
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status_line_esc_ok es escape can be used on the status line
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dest_tabs_magic_smso xt tabs destructive, magic so char (t1061)
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tilde_glitch hz cannot print ~'s (hazeltine)
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transparent_underline ul underline character overstrikes
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xon_xoff xo terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking
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needs_xon_xoff nx padding will not work, xon/xoff required
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prtr_silent 5i printer will not echo on screen
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hard_cursor HC cursor is hard to see
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non_rev_rmcup NR enter_ca_mode does not reverse exit_ca_mode
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no_pad_char NP pad character does not exist
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non_dest_scroll_region ND scrolling region is non-destructive
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can_change cc terminal can re-define existing colors
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back_color_erase ut screen erased with background color
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hue_lightness_saturation hl terminal uses only HLS color
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notation (tektronix)
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col_addr_glitch YA only positive motion for column address and
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micro_column_address caps
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cr_cancels_micro_mode YB using cr turns off micro mode
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has_print_wheel YC printer needs operator to change character
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set
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row_addr_glitch YD only positive motion for row_address and
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micro_row_address caps
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semi_auto_right_margin YE printing in last column causes cr
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cpi_changes_res YF changing character pitch changes resolution
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lpi_changes_res YG changing line pitch changes resolution
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.Ed
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.Pp
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These are the numeric capabilities:
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.Bd -literal
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\fBNumeric TCap Description\fR
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\fBVariables Code\fR
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columns co number of columns in aline
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init_tabs it tabs initially every # spaces
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lines li number of lines on screen or page
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lines_of_memory lm lines of memory if > line. 0 => varies
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magic_cookie_glitch sg number of blank chars left by
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enter_standout_mode or exit_standout_mode
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padding_baud_rate pb lowest baud rate where padding needed
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virtual_terminal vt virtual terminal number (CB/unix)
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width_status_line ws columns in status line
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num_labels Nl number of labels on screen
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label_height lh rows in each label
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label_width lw columns in each label
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max_attributes ma maximum combined attributes terminal can
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handle
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maximum_windows MW maximum number of definable windows
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magic_cookie_glitch_ul ug number of blanks left by underline
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#
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# These came in with SVr4's color support
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#
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max_colors Co maximum numbers of colors on screen
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max_pairs pa maximum number of color-pairs on the screen
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no_color_video NC video attributes that cannot be used with
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colors
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#
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# The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
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# structure, but are not yet documented in the man page.
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# They came in with SVr4's printer support.
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#
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buffer_capacity Ya numbers of bytes buffered before printing
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dot_vert_spacing Yb spacing of pins vertically in pins per inch
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dot_horz_spacing Yc spacing of dots horizontally in dots per
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inch
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max_micro_address Yd maximum value in micro_..._address
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max_micro_jump Ye maximum value in parm_..._micro
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micro_char_size Yf character size when in micro mode
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micro_line_size Yg line size when in micro mode
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number_of_pins Yh numbers of pins in print-head
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output_res_char Yi horizontal resolution in units per line
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output_res_line Yj vertical resolution in units per line
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output_res_horz_inch Yk horizontal resolution in units per inch
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output_res_vert_inch Yl vertical resolution in units per inch
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print_rate Ym print rate in chars per second
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wide_char_size Yn character step size when in double wide
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mode
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buttons BT number of buttons on mouse
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bit_image_entwining Yo number of passed for each bit-image row
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bit_image_type Yp type of bit-image device
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.Ed
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.Pp
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These are the string capabilities:
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.Bd -literal
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\fBString TCap Description\fR
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\fBVariables Code\fR
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back_tab bt back tab (P)
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bell bl audible signal (bell) (P)
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carriage_return cr carriage return (P*)
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change_scroll_region cs change region to line #1 to line #2 (P)
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clear_all_tabs ct clear all tab stops (P)
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clear_screen cl clear screen and home cursor (P*)
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clr_eol ce clear to end of line (P)
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clr_eos cd clear to end of screen (P*)
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column_address ch horizontal position #1, absolute (P)
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command_character CC terminal settable cmd character in
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prototype
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cursor_address cm move to row #1 columns #2
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cursor_down do down one line
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cursor_home ho home cursor
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cursor_invisible vi make cursor invisible
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cursor_left le move left one space
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cursor_mem_address CM memory relative cursor addressing
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cursor_normal ve make cursor appear normal (undo
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cursor_invisible/cursor_visible)
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cursor_right nd move right one space
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cursor_to_ll ll last line, first column
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cursor_up up up one line
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cursor_visible vs make cursor very visible
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delete_character dc delete character (P*)
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delete_line dl delete line (P*)
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dis_status_line ds disable status line
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down_half_line hd half a line down
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enter_alt_charset_mode as start alternate character set (P)
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enter_blink_mode mb turn on blinking
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enter_bold_mode md turn on bold (extra bright) mode
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enter_ca_mode ti string to start programs using
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cursor_address
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enter_delete_mode dm enter delete mode
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enter_dim_mode mh turn on half-bright mode
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enter_insert_mode im enter insert mode
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enter_secure_mode mk turn on blank mode (characters invisible)
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enter_protected_mode mp turn on protected mode
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enter_reverse_mode mr turn on reverse video mode
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enter_standout_mode so begin standout mode
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enter_underline_mode us begin underline mode
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erase_chars ec erase #1 characters (P)
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exit_alt_charset_mode ae end alternate character set (P)
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exit_attribute_mode me turn off all attributes
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exit_ca_mode te strings to end programs using cup
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exit_delete_mode ed end delete mode
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exit_insert_mode ei exit insert mode
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exit_standout_mode se exit standout mode
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exit_underline_mode ue exit underline mode
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flash_screen vb visible bell (may not move cursor)
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form_feed ff hardcopy terminal page eject (P*)
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from_status_line fs return from status line
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init_1string i1 initialization string
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init_2string is initialization string
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init_3string i3 initialization string
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init_file if name of initialization file
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insert_character ic insert character (P)
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insert_line al insert line (P*)
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insert_padding ip insert padding after inserted character
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key_backspace kb backspace key
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key_catab ka clear-all-tabs key
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key_clear kC clear-screen or erase key
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key_ctab kt clear-tab key
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key_dc kD delete-character key
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key_dl kL delete-line key
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key_down kd down-arrow key
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key_eic kM sent by rmir or smir in insert mode
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key_eol kE clear-to-end-of-line key
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key_eos kS clear-to-end-of-screen key
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key_f0 k0 F0 function key
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key_f1 k1 F1 function key
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key_f10 k; F10 function key
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key_f2 k2 F2 function key
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key_f3 k3 F3 function key
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key_f4 k4 F4 function key
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key_f5 k5 F5 function key
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key_f6 k6 F6 function key
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key_f7 k7 F7 function key
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key_f8 k8 F8 function key
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key_f9 k9 F9 function key
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key_home kh home key
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key_ic kI insert-character key
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key_il kA insert-line key
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key_left kl left-arrow key
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key_ll kH last-line key
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key_npage kN next-page key
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key_ppage kP prev-page key
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key_right kr right-arrow key
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key_sf kF scroll-forward key
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key_sr kR scroll-backward key
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key_stab kT set-tab key
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key_up ku up-arrow key
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keypad_local ke leave 'keyboard_transmit' mode
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keypad_xmit ks enter 'keyboard_transmit' mode
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lab_f0 l0 label on function key f0 if not f0
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lab_f1 l1 label on function key f1 if not f1
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lab_f10 la label on function key f10 if not f10
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lab_f2 l2 label on function key f2 if not f2
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lab_f3 l3 label on function key f3 if not f3
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lab_f4 l4 label on function key f4 if not f4
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lab_f5 l5 label on function key f5 if not f5
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lab_f6 l6 label on function key f6 if not f6
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lab_f7 l7 label on function key f7 if not f7
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lab_f8 l8 label on function key f8 if not f8
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lab_f9 l9 label on function key f9 if not f9
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meta_off mo turn off meta mode
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meta_on mm turn on meta mode (8th-bit on)
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newline nw newline (behave like cr followed by lf)
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pad_char pc padding char (instead of null)
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parm_dch DC delete #1 chars (P*)
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parm_delete_line DL delete #1 lines (P*)
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parm_down_cursor DO down #1 lines (P*)
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parm_ich IC insert #1 chars (P*)
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parm_index SF scroll forward #1 lines (P)
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parm_insert_line AL insert #1 lines (P*)
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parm_left_cursor LE move #1 chars to the left (P)
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parm_right_cursor RI move #1 chars to the right (P*)
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parm_rindex SR scroll back #1 lines (P)
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parm_up_cursor UP up #1 lines (P*)
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pkey_key pk program function key #1 to type string #2
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pkey_local pl program function key #1 to execute
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string #2
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pkey_xmit px program function key #1 to transmit
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string #2
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print_screen ps print contents of screen
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prtr_off pf turn off printer
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prtr_on po turn on printer
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repeat_char rp repeat char #1 #2 times (P*)
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reset_1string r1 reset string
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reset_2string r2 reset string
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reset_3string r3 reset string
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reset_file rf name of reset file
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restore_cursor rc restore cursor to last position of
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save_cursor
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row_address cv vertical position #1 absolute (P)
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save_cursor sc save current cursor position (P)
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scroll_forward sf scroll text up (P)
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scroll_reverse sr scroll text down (P)
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set_attributes sa define video attributes #1-#9 (PG9)
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set_tab st set a tab in every row, current columns
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set_window wi current window is lines #1-#2 cols #3-#4
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tab ta tab to next 8-space hardware tab stop
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to_status_line ts move to status line
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underline_char uc underline char and move past it
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up_half_line hu half a line up
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init_prog iP path name of program for initialization
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key_a1 K1 upper left of keypad
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key_a3 K3 upper right of keypad
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key_b2 K2 center of keypad
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key_c1 K4 lower left of keypad
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key_c3 K5 lower right of keypad
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prtr_non pO turn on printer for #1 bytes
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termcap_init2 i2 secondary initialization string
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termcap_reset rs terminal reset string
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#
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# SVr1 capabilities stop here. IBM's version of terminfo is the same as
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# SVr4 up to this point, but has a different set afterwards.
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#
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char_padding rP like insert_padding but when in insert mode
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acs_chars ac graphics charset pairs - def=vt100
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plab_norm pn program label #1 to show string #2
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key_btab kB back-tab key
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enter_xon_mode SX turn on xon/xoff handshaking
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exit_xon_mode RX turn off xon/xoff handshaking
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enter_am_mode SA turn on automatic margins
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exit_am_mode RA turn off automatic margins
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xon_character XN XON character
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xoff_character XF XOFF character
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ena_acs eA enable alternate char set
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label_on LO turn on soft labels
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label_off LF turn off soft labels
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key_beg @1 begin key
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key_cancel @2 cancel key
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key_close @3 close key
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key_command @4 command key
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key_copy @5 copy key
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key_create @6 create key
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key_end @7 end key
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key_enter @8 enter/send key
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key_exit @9 exit key
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key_find @0 find key
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key_help %1 help key
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key_mark %2 mark key
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key_message %3 message key
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key_move %4 move key
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key_next %5 next key
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key_open %6 open key
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key_options %7 options key
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key_previous %8 previous key
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key_print %9 print key
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key_redo %0 redo key
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key_reference &1 reference key
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key_refresh &2 refresh key
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key_replace &3 replace key
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key_restart &4 restart key
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key_resume &5 resume key
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key_save &6 save key
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key_suspend &7 suspend key
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key_undo &8 undo key
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key_sbeg &9 shifted key
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key_scancel &0 shifted key
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key_scommand *1 shifted key
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key_scopy *2 shifted key
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key_screate *3 shifted key
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key_sdc *4 shifted key
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key_sdl *5 shifted key
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key_select *6 select key
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key_send *7 shifted key
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key_seol *8 shifted key
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key_sexit *9 shifted key
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key_sfind *0 shifted key
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key_shelp #1 shifted key
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|
key_shome #2 shifted key
|
|
key_sic #3 shifted key
|
|
key_sleft #4 shifted key
|
|
key_smessage %a shifted key
|
|
key_smove %b shifted key
|
|
key_snext %c shifted key
|
|
key_soptions %d shifted key
|
|
key_sprevious %e shifted key
|
|
key_sprint %f shifted key
|
|
key_sredo %g shifted key
|
|
key_sreplace %h shifted key
|
|
key_sright %i shifted key
|
|
key_srsume %j shifted key
|
|
key_ssave !1 shifted key
|
|
key_ssuspend !2 shifted key
|
|
key_sundo !3 shifted key
|
|
req_for_input RF send next input char (for ptys)
|
|
key_f11 F1 F11 function key
|
|
key_f12 F2 F12 function key
|
|
key_f13 F3 F13 function key
|
|
key_f14 F4 F14 function key
|
|
key_f15 F5 F15 function key
|
|
key_f16 F6 F16 function key
|
|
key_f17 F7 F17 function key
|
|
key_f18 F8 F18 function key
|
|
key_f19 F9 F19 function key
|
|
key_f20 FA F20 function key
|
|
key_f21 FB F21 function key
|
|
key_f22 FC F22 function key
|
|
key_f23 FD F23 function key
|
|
key_f24 FE F24 function key
|
|
key_f25 FF F25 function key
|
|
key_f26 FG F26 function key
|
|
key_f27 FH F27 function key
|
|
key_f28 FI F28 function key
|
|
key_f29 FJ F29 function key
|
|
key_f30 FK F30 function key
|
|
key_f31 FL F31 function key
|
|
key_f32 FM F32 function key
|
|
key_f33 FN F33 function key
|
|
key_f34 FO F34 function key
|
|
key_f35 FP F35 function key
|
|
key_f36 FQ F36 function key
|
|
key_f37 FR F37 function key
|
|
key_f38 FS F38 function key
|
|
key_f39 FT F39 function key
|
|
key_f40 FU F40 function key
|
|
key_f41 FV F41 function key
|
|
key_f42 FW F42 function key
|
|
key_f43 FX F43 function key
|
|
key_f44 FY F44 function key
|
|
key_f45 FZ F45 function key
|
|
key_f46 Fa F46 function key
|
|
key_f47 Fb F47 function key
|
|
key_f48 Fc F48 function key
|
|
key_f49 Fd F49 function key
|
|
key_f50 Fe F50 function key
|
|
key_f51 Ff F51 function key
|
|
key_f52 Fg F52 function key
|
|
key_f53 Fh F53 function key
|
|
key_f54 Fi F54 function key
|
|
key_f55 Fj F55 function key
|
|
key_f56 Fk F56 function key
|
|
key_f57 Fl F57 function key
|
|
key_f58 Fm F58 function key
|
|
key_f59 Fn F59 function key
|
|
key_f60 Fo F60 function key
|
|
key_f61 Fp F61 function key
|
|
key_f62 Fq F62 function key
|
|
key_f63 Fr F63 function key
|
|
clr_bol cb Clear to beginning of line
|
|
clear_margins MC clear right and left soft margins
|
|
set_left_margin ML set left soft margin
|
|
set_right_margin MR set right soft margin
|
|
label_format Lf label format
|
|
set_clock SC set clock, #1 hrs #2 mins #3 secs
|
|
display_clock DK display clock at (#1,#2)
|
|
remove_clock RC remove clock
|
|
create_window CW define a window #1 from #2, #3 to #4, #5
|
|
goto_window WG go to window #1
|
|
hangup HU hang-up phone
|
|
dial_phone DI dial number #1
|
|
quick_dial QD dial number #1 without checking
|
|
tone TO select touch tone dialing
|
|
pulse PU select pulse dialling
|
|
flash_hook fh flash switch hook
|
|
fixed_pause PA pause for 2-3 seconds
|
|
wait_tone WA wait for dial-tone
|
|
user0 u0 User string #0
|
|
user1 u1 User string #1
|
|
user2 u2 User string #2
|
|
user3 u3 User string #3
|
|
user4 u4 User string #4
|
|
user5 u5 User string #5
|
|
user6 u6 User string #6
|
|
user7 u7 User string #7
|
|
user8 u8 User string #8
|
|
user9 u9 User string #9
|
|
#
|
|
# SVr4 added these capabilities to support color
|
|
#
|
|
orig_pair op Set default pair to its original value
|
|
orig_colors oc Set all color pairs to the original ones
|
|
initialize_color Ic initialize color #1 to (#2,#3,#4)
|
|
initialize_pair Ip Initialize color pair #1 to fg=(#2,#3,#4),
|
|
bg=(#5,#6,#7)
|
|
set_color_pair sp Set current color pair to #1
|
|
set_foreground Sf Set foreground color #1
|
|
set_background Sb Set background color #1
|
|
#
|
|
# SVr4 added these capabilities to support printers
|
|
#
|
|
change_char_pitch ZA Change number of characters per inch
|
|
change_line_pitch ZB Change number of lines per inch
|
|
change_res_horz ZC Change horizontal resolution
|
|
change_res_vert ZD Change vertical resolution
|
|
define_char ZE Define a character
|
|
enter_doublewide_mode ZF Enter double-wide mode
|
|
enter_draft_quality ZG Enter draft-quality mode
|
|
enter_italics_mode ZH Enter italic mode
|
|
enter_leftward_mode ZI Start leftward carriage motion
|
|
enter_micro_mode ZJ Start micro-motion mode
|
|
enter_near_letter_quality ZK Enter NLQ mode
|
|
enter_normal_quality ZL Enter normal-quality mode
|
|
enter_shadow_mode ZM Enter shadow-print mode
|
|
enter_subscript_mode ZN Enter subscript mode
|
|
enter_superscript_mode ZO Enter superscript mode
|
|
enter_upward_mode ZP Start upward carriage motion
|
|
exit_doublewide_mode ZQ End double-wide mode
|
|
exit_italics_mode ZR End italic mode
|
|
exit_leftward_mode ZS End left-motion mode
|
|
exit_micro_mode ZT End micro-motion mode
|
|
exit_shadow_mode ZU End shadow-print mode
|
|
exit_subscript_mode ZV End subscript mode
|
|
exit_superscript_mode ZW End superscript mode
|
|
exit_upward_mode ZX End reverse character motion
|
|
micro_column_address ZY Like column_address in micro mode
|
|
micro_down ZZ Like cursor_down in micro mode
|
|
micro_left Za Like cursor_left in micro mode
|
|
micro_right Zb Like cursor_right in micro mode
|
|
micro_row_address Zc Like row_address in micro mode
|
|
micro_up Zd Like cursor_up in micro mode
|
|
order_of_pins Ze Match software bits to print-head pins
|
|
parm_down_micro Zf Like parm_down_cursor in micro mode
|
|
parm_left_micro Zg Like parm_left_cursor in micro mode
|
|
parm_right_micro Zh Like parm_right_cursor in micro mode
|
|
parm_up_micro Zi Like parm_up_cursor in micro mode
|
|
select_char_set Zj Select character set
|
|
set_bottom_margin Zk Set bottom margin at current line
|
|
set_bottom_margin_parm Zl Set bottom margin at line #1 or #2 lines
|
|
from bottom
|
|
set_left_margin_parm Zm Set left (right) margin at column #1 (#2)
|
|
set_right_margin_parm Zn Set right margin at column #1
|
|
set_top_margin Zo Set top margin at current line
|
|
set_top_margin_parm Zp Set top (bottom) margin at row #1 (#2)
|
|
start_bit_image Zq Start printing bit image graphics
|
|
start_char_set_def Zr Start character set definition
|
|
stop_bit_image Zs Stop printing bit image graphics
|
|
stop_char_set_def Zt End definition of character aet
|
|
subscript_characters Zu List of subscriptible characters
|
|
superscript_characters Zv List of superscriptible characters
|
|
these_cause_cr Zw Printing any of these chars causes CR
|
|
zero_motion Zx No motion for subsequent character
|
|
#
|
|
# The following string capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term
|
|
# structure, but are not documented in the man page.
|
|
#
|
|
char_set_names Zy List of character set names
|
|
key_mouse Km Mouse event has occurred
|
|
mouse_info Mi Mouse status information
|
|
req_mouse_pos RQ Request mouse position
|
|
get_mouse Gm Curses should get button events
|
|
set_a_foreground AF Set ANSI foreground color
|
|
set_a_background AB Set ANSI background color
|
|
pkey_plab xl Program function key #1 to type string #2
|
|
and show string #3
|
|
device_type dv Indicate language/codeset support
|
|
code_set_init ci Init sequence for multiple codesets
|
|
set0_des_seq s0 Shift to code set 0 (EUC set 0, ASCII)
|
|
set1_des_seq s1 Shift to code set 1
|
|
set2_des_seq s2 Shift to code set 2
|
|
set3_des_seq s3 Shift to code set 3
|
|
set_lr_margin ML Set both left and right margins to #1, #2
|
|
set_tb_margin MT Sets both top and bottom margins to #1, #2
|
|
bit_image_repeat Xy Repeat bit image cell #1 #2 times
|
|
bit_image_newline Zz Move to next row of the bit image
|
|
bit_image_carriage_return Yv Move to beginning of same row
|
|
color_names Yw Give name for color #1
|
|
define_bit_image_region Yx Define rectangular bit image region
|
|
end_bit_image_region Yy End a bit-image region
|
|
set_color_band Yz Change to ribbon color #1
|
|
set_page_length YZ Set page length to #1 lines
|
|
#
|
|
# SVr4 added these capabilities for direct PC-clone support
|
|
#
|
|
display_pc_char S1 Display PC character
|
|
enter_pc_charset_mode S2 Enter PC character display mode
|
|
exit_pc_charset_mode S3 Exit PC character display mode
|
|
enter_scancode_mode S4 Enter PC scancode mode
|
|
exit_scancode_mode S5 Exit PC scancode mode
|
|
pc_term_options S6 PC terminal options
|
|
scancode_escape S7 Escape for scancode emulation
|
|
alt_scancode_esc S8 Alternate escape for scancode emulation
|
|
#
|
|
# The XSI Curses standard added these.
|
|
#
|
|
enter_horizontal_hl_mode Xh Enter horizontal highlight mode
|
|
enter_left_hl_mode Xl Enter left highlight mode
|
|
enter_low_hl_mode Xo Enter low highlight mode
|
|
enter_right_hl_mode Xr Enter right highlight mode
|
|
enter_top_hl_mode Xt Enter top highlight mode
|
|
enter_vertical_hl_mode Xv Enter vertical highlight mode
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Obsolete termcap capabilities.
|
|
New software should not rely on them at all.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
\fBBoolean TCap Description\fR
|
|
\fBVariables Code\fR
|
|
linefeed_is_newline NL move down with ^J
|
|
even_parity EP terminal requires even parity
|
|
odd_parity OP terminal requires odd parity
|
|
half_duplex HD terminal is half-duplex
|
|
lower_case_only LC terminal has only lower case
|
|
upper_case_only UC terminal has only upper case
|
|
has_hardware_tabs pt has 8-char tabs invoked with ^I
|
|
return_does_clr_eol xr return clears the line
|
|
tek_4025_insert_line xx Tektronix 4025 insert-line glitch
|
|
backspaces_with_bs bs uses ^H to move left
|
|
crt_no_scrolling ns crt cannot scroll
|
|
no_correctly_working_cr nc no way to go to start of line
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
\fBNumber TCap Description\fR
|
|
\fBVariables Code\fR
|
|
backspace_delay dB padding required for ^H
|
|
form_feed_delay dF padding required for ^L
|
|
horizontal_tab_delay dT padding required for ^I
|
|
vertical_tab_delay dV padding required for ^V
|
|
number_of_function_keys kn count of function keys
|
|
carriage_return_delay dC pad needed for CR
|
|
new_line_delay dN pad needed for LF
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
\fBString TCap Description\fR
|
|
\fBVariables Code\fR
|
|
other_non_function_keys ko list of self-mapped keycaps
|
|
arrow_key_map ma map arrow keys
|
|
memory_lock_above ml lock visible screen memory above the
|
|
current line
|
|
memory_unlock mu unlock visible screen memory above the
|
|
current line
|
|
linefeed_if_not_lf nl use to move down
|
|
backspace_if_not_bs bc move left, if not ^H
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss A Sample Entry
|
|
The following entry, which describes the Concept\-100, is among the more
|
|
complex entries in the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file as of this writing.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ca\||\|concept100\||\|c100\||\|concept\||\|c104\||\|concept100-4p\||\|HDS Concept\-100:\e
|
|
:al=3*\eE^R:am:bl=^G:cd=16*\eE^C:ce=16\eE^U:cl=2*^L:cm=\eEa%+ %+ :\e
|
|
:co#80:.cr=9^M:db:dc=16\eE^A:dl=3*\eE^B:do=^J:ei=\eE\e200:eo:im=\eE^P:in:\e
|
|
:ip=16*:is=\eEU\eEf\eE7\eE5\eE8\eEl\eENH\eEK\eE\e200\eEo&\e200\eEo\e47\eE:k1=\eE5:\e
|
|
:k2=\eE6:k3=\eE7:kb=^h:kd=\eE<:ke=\eEx:kh=\eE?:kl=\eE>:kr=\eE=:ks=\eEX:\e
|
|
:ku=\eE;:le=^H:li#24:mb=\eEC:me=\eEN\e200:mh=\eEE:mi:mk=\eEH:mp=\eEI:\e
|
|
:mr=\eED:nd=\eE=:pb#9600:rp=0.2*\eEr%.%+ :se=\eEd\eEe:sf=^J:so=\eEE\eED:\e
|
|
:.ta=8\et:te=\eEv \e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\eEp\er\en:\e
|
|
:ti=\eEU\eEv 8p\eEp\er:ue=\eEg:ul:up=\eE;:us=\eEG:\e
|
|
:vb=\eEk\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\e200\eEK:\e
|
|
:ve=\eEw:vs=\eEW:vt#8:xn:\e
|
|
:bs:cr=^M:dC#9:dT#8:nl=^J:ta=^I:pt:
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Entries may continue onto multiple lines by giving a \e as the last
|
|
character of a line, and empty fields
|
|
may be included for readability (here between the last field on a line
|
|
and the first field on the next).
|
|
Comments may be included on lines beginning with
|
|
.Dq # .
|
|
.Ss Types of Capabilities
|
|
Capabilities in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
are of three types: Boolean capabilities,
|
|
which indicate particular features that the terminal has;
|
|
numeric capabilities,
|
|
giving the size of the display or the size of other attributes;
|
|
and string capabilities,
|
|
which give character sequences that can be used to perform particular
|
|
terminal operations.
|
|
All capabilities have two-letter codes.
|
|
For instance, the fact that
|
|
the Concept has
|
|
.Em automatic margins
|
|
(an automatic return and linefeed
|
|
when the end of a line is reached) is indicated by the Boolean capability
|
|
.Sy \&am .
|
|
Hence the description of the Concept includes
|
|
.Sy \&am .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Numeric capabilities are followed by the character `#' then the value.
|
|
In the example above
|
|
.Sy \&co ,
|
|
which indicates the number of columns the display has,
|
|
gives the value `80' for the Concept.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Finally, string-valued capabilities, such as
|
|
.Sy \&ce
|
|
(clear-to-end-of-line
|
|
sequence) are given by the two-letter code, an `=', then a string
|
|
ending at the next following `:'.
|
|
A delay in milliseconds may appear after
|
|
the `=' in such a capability,
|
|
which causes padding characters to be supplied by
|
|
.Xr tputs 3
|
|
after the remainder of the string is sent to provide this delay.
|
|
The delay can be either a number,
|
|
such as `20', or a number followed by
|
|
an `*',
|
|
such as `3*'.
|
|
An `*' indicates that the padding required is proportional
|
|
to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is
|
|
the per-affected-line padding required.
|
|
(In the case of insert-character,
|
|
the factor is still the number of
|
|
.Em lines
|
|
affected;
|
|
this is always 1 unless the terminal has
|
|
.Sy \&in
|
|
and the software uses it.)
|
|
When an `*' is specified, it is sometimes useful to give a delay of the form
|
|
`3.5' to specify a delay per line to tenths of milliseconds.
|
|
(Only one decimal place is allowed.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A number of escape sequences are provided in the string-valued capabilities
|
|
for easy encoding of control characters there.
|
|
.Sy \&\eE
|
|
maps to an
|
|
.Dv ESC
|
|
character,
|
|
.Sy \&^X
|
|
maps to a control-X for any appropriate X,
|
|
and the sequences
|
|
.Sy \&\en
|
|
.Sy \&\er
|
|
.Sy \&\et
|
|
.Sy \&\eb
|
|
.Sy \&\ef
|
|
map to linefeed, return, tab, backspace, and formfeed, respectively.
|
|
Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a
|
|
.Sy \&\e ,
|
|
and the characters
|
|
.Sy \&^
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&\e
|
|
may be given as
|
|
.Sy \&\e^
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&\e\e .
|
|
If it is necessary to place a
|
|
.Sy \&:
|
|
in a capability it must be escaped as
|
|
.Sy \e:
|
|
or be encoded as
|
|
.Sy \&\e072 .
|
|
If it is necessary to place a
|
|
.Dv NUL
|
|
character in a string capability it
|
|
must be encoded as
|
|
.Sy \&\e200 .
|
|
(The routines that deal with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
use C strings and strip the high bits of the output very late, so that
|
|
a
|
|
.Sy \&\e200
|
|
comes out as a
|
|
.Sy \&\e000
|
|
would.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Sometimes individual capabilities must be commented out.
|
|
To do this, put a period before the capability name.
|
|
For example, see the first
|
|
.Sy \&cr
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ta
|
|
in the example above.
|
|
.Ss Preparing Descriptions
|
|
The most effective way to prepare a terminal description is by imitating
|
|
the description of a similar terminal in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and to build up a description gradually, using partial descriptions
|
|
with
|
|
.Xr \&vi 1
|
|
to check that they are correct.
|
|
Be aware that a very unusual terminal may expose deficiencies in
|
|
the ability of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file to describe it
|
|
or bugs in
|
|
.Xr \&vi 1 .
|
|
To easily test a new terminal description you are working on
|
|
you can put it in your home directory in a file called
|
|
.Pa .termcap
|
|
and programs will look there before looking in
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap .
|
|
You can also set the environment variable
|
|
.Ev TERMPATH
|
|
to a list of absolute file pathnames (separated by spaces or colons),
|
|
one of which contains the description you are working on,
|
|
and programs will search them in the order listed, and nowhere else.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr termcap 3 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ev TERMCAP
|
|
environment variable is usually set to the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
entry itself
|
|
to avoid reading files when starting up a program.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To get the padding for insert-line right
|
|
(if the terminal manufacturer did not document it),
|
|
a severe test is to use
|
|
.Xr \&vi 1
|
|
to edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/passwd
|
|
at 9600 baud, delete roughly 16 lines from the middle of the screen,
|
|
then hit the `u' key several times quickly.
|
|
If the display messes up, more padding is usually needed.
|
|
A similar test can be used for insert-character.
|
|
.Ss Basic Capabilities
|
|
The number of columns on each line of the display is given by the
|
|
.Sy \&co
|
|
numeric capability.
|
|
If the display is a
|
|
.Tn CRT ,
|
|
then the
|
|
number of lines on the screen is given by the
|
|
.Sy \&li
|
|
capability.
|
|
If the display wraps around to the beginning of the next line when
|
|
the cursor reaches the right margin, then it should have the
|
|
.Sy \&am
|
|
capability.
|
|
If the terminal can clear its screen,
|
|
the code to do this is given by the
|
|
.Sy \&cl
|
|
string capability.
|
|
If the terminal overstrikes
|
|
(rather than clearing the position when a character is overwritten),
|
|
it should have the
|
|
.Sy \&os
|
|
capability.
|
|
If the terminal is a printing terminal,
|
|
with no soft copy unit,
|
|
give it both
|
|
.Sy \&hc
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&os .
|
|
.Pf ( Sy \&os
|
|
applies to storage scope terminals,
|
|
such as the Tektronix 4010 series,
|
|
as well as to hard copy and
|
|
.Tn APL
|
|
terminals.)
|
|
If there is a code to move the cursor to the left edge of the current row,
|
|
give this as
|
|
.Sy \&cr .
|
|
(Normally this will be carriage-return,
|
|
.Sy \&^M . )
|
|
If there is a code to produce an audible signal (bell, beep,
|
|
etc.),
|
|
give this as
|
|
.Sy \&bl .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If there is a code (such as backspace)
|
|
to move the cursor one position to the left,
|
|
that capability should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&le .
|
|
Similarly,
|
|
codes to move to the right, up, and down
|
|
should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&nd ,
|
|
.Sy \&up ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&do ,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
These
|
|
.Em local cursor motions
|
|
should not alter the text they pass over;
|
|
for example, you would not normally use
|
|
.Dq nd=\ \&
|
|
unless the terminal has the
|
|
.Sy \&os
|
|
capability,
|
|
because the space would erase the character moved over.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A very important point here is that the local cursor motions encoded
|
|
in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
have undefined behavior at the left and top edges of a
|
|
.Tn CRT
|
|
display.
|
|
Programs should never attempt to backspace around the left edge,
|
|
unless
|
|
.Sy \&bw
|
|
is given, and never attempt to go up off the top
|
|
using local cursor motions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to scroll text up,
|
|
a program goes to the bottom left corner of the screen and sends the
|
|
.Sy \&sf
|
|
(index) string.
|
|
To scroll text down,
|
|
a program goes to the top left corner of the screen and sends the
|
|
.Sy \&sr
|
|
(reverse index) string.
|
|
The strings
|
|
.Sy \&sf
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&sr
|
|
have undefined behavior
|
|
when not on their respective corners of the screen.
|
|
Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are
|
|
.Sy \&SF
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&SR ,
|
|
which have the same semantics as
|
|
.Sy \&sf
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&sr
|
|
except that they take one parameter
|
|
and scroll that many lines.
|
|
They also have undefined behavior
|
|
except at the appropriate corner of the screen.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy \&am
|
|
capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right
|
|
edge of the screen when text is output there,
|
|
but this does not necessarily apply to
|
|
.Sy \&nd
|
|
from the last column.
|
|
Leftward local motion is defined from the left edge only when
|
|
.Sy \&bw
|
|
is given; then an
|
|
.Sy \&le
|
|
from the left edge will move to the right edge of the previous row.
|
|
This is useful for drawing a box around the edge of the screen,
|
|
for example.
|
|
If the terminal has switch-selectable automatic margins,
|
|
the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
description usually assumes that this feature is on,
|
|
.Em i.e . ,
|
|
.Sy \&am .
|
|
If the terminal has a command
|
|
that moves to the first column of the next line,
|
|
that command can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&nw
|
|
(newline).
|
|
It is permissible for this to clear the remainder of the current line,
|
|
so if the terminal has no correctly-working
|
|
.Tn \&CR
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn \&LF
|
|
it may still be possible to craft a working
|
|
.Sy \&nw
|
|
out of one or both of them.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
These capabilities suffice to describe hardcopy and
|
|
.Dq glass-tty
|
|
terminals.
|
|
Thus the Teletype model 33 is described as
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
T3\||\|tty33\||\|33\||\|tty\||\|Teletype model 33:\e
|
|
:bl=^G:co#72:cr=^M:do=^J:hc:os:
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
and the Lear Siegler
|
|
.Tn ADM Ns \-3
|
|
is described as
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
l3\||\|adm3\||\|3\||\|LSI ADM-3:\e
|
|
:am:bl=^G:cl=^Z:co#80:cr=^M:do=^J:le=^H:li#24:sf=^J:
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss Parameterized Strings
|
|
Cursor addressing and other strings requiring parameters
|
|
are described by a
|
|
parameterized string capability, with
|
|
.Xr printf 3 Ns \-like
|
|
escapes
|
|
.Sy \&%x
|
|
in it,
|
|
while other characters are passed through unchanged.
|
|
For example, to address the cursor the
|
|
.Sy \&cm
|
|
capability is given, using two parameters: the row and column to move to.
|
|
(Rows and columns are numbered from zero and refer to the physical screen
|
|
visible to the user, not to any unseen memory.
|
|
If the terminal has memory-relative cursor addressing,
|
|
that can be indicated by an analogous
|
|
.Sy \&CM
|
|
capability.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy \&%
|
|
encodings have the following meanings:
|
|
.Bl -column xxxxx
|
|
.It "%% output `%'"
|
|
.It "%d output value as in"
|
|
.Xr printf 3
|
|
%d
|
|
.It "%2 output value as in"
|
|
.Xr printf 3
|
|
%2d
|
|
.It "%3 output value as in"
|
|
.Xr printf 3
|
|
%3d
|
|
.It "%. output value as in"
|
|
.Xr printf 3
|
|
%c
|
|
.It "%+" Ns Em x Ta No add
|
|
.Em x
|
|
to value, then do %.
|
|
.It "%>" Ns Em \&xy Ta No if
|
|
value >
|
|
.Em x
|
|
then add
|
|
.Em y ,
|
|
no output
|
|
.It "%r reverse order of two parameters, no output"
|
|
.It "%i increment by one, no output"
|
|
.It "%n exclusive-or all parameters with 0140 (Datamedia 2500)"
|
|
.It "\&%B" Ta Tn BCD No "(16*(value/10)) + (value%10), no output"
|
|
.It "%D Reverse coding (value \- 2*(value%16)), no output (Delta Data)."
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Consider the Hewlett-Packard 2645, which, to get to row 3 and column 12, needs
|
|
to be sent
|
|
.Dq \eE&a12c03Y
|
|
padded for 6 milliseconds.
|
|
Note that the order
|
|
of the row and column coordinates is reversed here
|
|
and that the row and column
|
|
are sent as two-digit integers.
|
|
Thus its
|
|
.Sy \&cm
|
|
capability is
|
|
.Dq Li cm=6\eE&%r%2c%2Y .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The Datamedia 2500 needs the current row and column sent
|
|
encoded in binary using
|
|
.Dq \&%. .
|
|
Terminals that use
|
|
.Dq %.\&
|
|
need to be able to
|
|
backspace the cursor
|
|
.Pq Sy \&le
|
|
and to move the cursor up one line on the screen
|
|
.Pq Sy \&up .
|
|
This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit
|
|
.Sy \&\en ,
|
|
.Sy \&^D ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&\er ,
|
|
as the system may change or discard them.
|
|
(Programs using
|
|
.Nm
|
|
must set terminal modes so that tabs are not expanded, so
|
|
.Sy \&\et
|
|
is safe to send.
|
|
This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A final example is the Lear Siegler
|
|
.Tn ADM Ns \-3a ,
|
|
which offsets row and column
|
|
by a blank character, thus
|
|
.Dq Li cm=\eE=%+ %+\ \& .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Row or column absolute cursor addressing
|
|
can be given as single parameter capabilities
|
|
.Sy \&ch
|
|
(horizontal position absolute) and
|
|
.Sy \&cv
|
|
(vertical position absolute).
|
|
Sometimes these are shorter than the more general two-parameter sequence
|
|
(as with the Hewlett-Packard 2645) and can be used in preference to
|
|
.Sy \&cm .
|
|
If there are parameterized local motions
|
|
.Pf ( Em e.g . ,
|
|
move
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
positions to the right)
|
|
these can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&DO ,
|
|
.Sy \&LE ,
|
|
.Sy \&RI ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&UP
|
|
with a single parameter indicating how many positions to move.
|
|
These are primarily useful if the terminal does not have
|
|
.Sy \&cm ,
|
|
such as the Tektronix 4025.
|
|
.Ss Cursor Motions
|
|
If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor
|
|
(to the very upper left corner of the screen), this can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ho .
|
|
Similarly, a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner
|
|
can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ll ;
|
|
this may involve going up with
|
|
.Sy \&up
|
|
from the home position,
|
|
but a program should never do this itself (unless
|
|
.Sy \&ll
|
|
does), because it can
|
|
make no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position.
|
|
Note that the home position is the same as
|
|
cursor address (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory.
|
|
(Therefore, the
|
|
.Dq \eEH
|
|
sequence on Hewlett-Packard terminals
|
|
cannot be used for
|
|
.Sy \&ho . )
|
|
.Ss Area Clears
|
|
If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
|
|
line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ce .
|
|
If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the
|
|
display, this should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&cd .
|
|
.Sy \&cd
|
|
must only be invoked from the first column of a line.
|
|
(Therefore,
|
|
it can be simulated by a request to delete a large number of lines,
|
|
if a true
|
|
.Sy \&cd
|
|
is not available.)
|
|
.Ss Insert/Delete Line
|
|
If the terminal can open a new blank line
|
|
before the line containing the cursor,
|
|
this should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&al ;
|
|
this must be invoked only from the first
|
|
position of a line.
|
|
The cursor must then appear at the left of the newly blank line.
|
|
If the terminal can delete the line that the cursor is on, this
|
|
should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&dl ;
|
|
this must only be used from the first position on
|
|
the line to be deleted.
|
|
Versions of
|
|
.Sy \&al
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&dl
|
|
which take a single parameter
|
|
and insert or delete that many lines
|
|
can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&AL
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&DL .
|
|
If the terminal has a settable scrolling region
|
|
(like the VT100),
|
|
the command to set this can be described with the
|
|
.Sy \&cs
|
|
capability,
|
|
which takes two parameters: the top and bottom lines of the scrolling region.
|
|
The cursor position is, alas, undefined after using this command.
|
|
It is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line
|
|
using this command \(em the
|
|
.Sy \&sc
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&rc
|
|
(save and restore cursor) commands are also useful.
|
|
Inserting lines at the top or bottom of the screen can also be done using
|
|
.Sy \&sr
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy \&sf
|
|
on many terminals without a true insert/delete line,
|
|
and is often faster even on terminals with those features.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory
|
|
which all commands affect, it should be given as the parameterized string
|
|
.Sy \&wi .
|
|
The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in memory
|
|
and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order.
|
|
(This
|
|
.Xr terminfo 5
|
|
capability is described for completeness.
|
|
It is unlikely that any
|
|
.Nm Ns \-using
|
|
program will support it.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal can retain display memory above the screen, then the
|
|
.Sy \&da
|
|
capability should be given;
|
|
if display memory can be retained
|
|
below, then
|
|
.Sy \&db
|
|
should be given.
|
|
These indicate
|
|
that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below
|
|
or that scrolling back with
|
|
.Sy \&sr
|
|
may bring down non-blank lines.
|
|
.Ss Insert/Delete Character
|
|
There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to
|
|
insert/delete character that can be described using
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
The most common insert/delete character operations affect only the characters
|
|
on the current line and shift characters off the end of the line rigidly.
|
|
Other terminals, such as the Concept\-100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl, make
|
|
a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the screen, shifting
|
|
upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is
|
|
either eliminated or expanded to two untyped blanks.
|
|
You can determine
|
|
the kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen then typing
|
|
text separated by cursor motions.
|
|
Type
|
|
.Dq Li abc\ \ \ \ def
|
|
using local
|
|
cursor motions (not spaces) between the
|
|
.Dq abc
|
|
and the
|
|
.Dq def .
|
|
Then position the cursor before the
|
|
.Dq abc
|
|
and put the terminal in insert
|
|
mode.
|
|
If typing characters causes the rest of the line to shift
|
|
rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does
|
|
not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dq abc
|
|
shifts over to the
|
|
.Dq def
|
|
which then move together around the end of the
|
|
current line and onto the next as you insert, then you have the second type of
|
|
terminal and should give the capability
|
|
.Sy \&in ,
|
|
which stands for
|
|
.Dq insert null .
|
|
While these are two logically separate attributes
|
|
(one line
|
|
.Em \&vs .
|
|
multi-line insert mode,
|
|
and special treatment of untyped spaces),
|
|
we have seen no terminals whose insert
|
|
mode cannot be described with the single attribute.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
entries can describe both terminals that have an insert mode and terminals
|
|
that send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line.
|
|
Give as
|
|
.Sy \&im
|
|
the sequence to get into insert mode.
|
|
Give as
|
|
.Sy \&ei
|
|
the sequence to leave insert mode.
|
|
Now give as
|
|
.Sy \&ic
|
|
any sequence that needs to be sent just before
|
|
each character to be inserted.
|
|
Most terminals with a true insert mode
|
|
will not give
|
|
.Sy \&ic ;
|
|
terminals that use a sequence to open a screen
|
|
position should give it here.
|
|
(If your terminal has both,
|
|
insert mode is usually preferable to
|
|
.Sy \&ic .
|
|
Do not give both unless the terminal actually requires both to be used
|
|
in combination.)
|
|
If post-insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds
|
|
in
|
|
.Sy \&ip
|
|
(a string option).
|
|
Any other sequence that may need to be
|
|
sent after insertion of a single character can also be given in
|
|
.Sy \&ip .
|
|
If your terminal needs to be placed into an `insert mode'
|
|
and needs a special code preceding each inserted character,
|
|
then both
|
|
.Sy \&im Ns / Sy \&ei
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ic
|
|
can be given, and both will be used.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy \&IC
|
|
capability, with one parameter
|
|
.Em n ,
|
|
will repeat the effects of
|
|
.Sy \&ic
|
|
.Em n
|
|
times.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode
|
|
to delete characters on the same line
|
|
.Pf ( Em e.g . ,
|
|
if there is a tab after
|
|
the insertion position).
|
|
If your terminal allows motion while in
|
|
insert mode, you can give the capability
|
|
.Sy \&mi
|
|
to speed up inserting
|
|
in this case.
|
|
Omitting
|
|
.Sy \&mi
|
|
will affect only speed.
|
|
Some terminals
|
|
(notably Datamedia's) must not have
|
|
.Sy \&mi
|
|
because of the way their
|
|
insert mode works.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Finally, you can specify
|
|
.Sy \&dc
|
|
to delete a single character,
|
|
.Sy \&DC
|
|
with one parameter
|
|
.Em n
|
|
to delete
|
|
.Em n
|
|
characters,
|
|
and delete mode by giving
|
|
.Sy \&dm
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ed
|
|
to enter and exit delete mode
|
|
(which is any mode the terminal needs to be placed in for
|
|
.Sy \&dc
|
|
to work).
|
|
.Ss Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells
|
|
If your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes,
|
|
these can be represented in a number of different ways.
|
|
You should choose one display form as
|
|
.Em standout mode ,
|
|
representing a good high-contrast, easy-on-the-eyes format
|
|
for highlighting error messages and other attention getters.
|
|
(If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-bright is good,
|
|
or reverse video alone.)
|
|
The sequences to enter and exit standout mode
|
|
are given as
|
|
.Sy \&so
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&se ,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
If the code to change into or out of standout
|
|
mode leaves one or even two blank spaces or garbage characters on the screen,
|
|
as the
|
|
.Tn TVI
|
|
912 and Teleray 1061 do,
|
|
then
|
|
.Sy \&sg
|
|
should be given to tell how many characters are left.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&us
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ue ,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Underline mode change garbage is specified by
|
|
.Sy \&ug ,
|
|
similar to
|
|
.Sy \&sg .
|
|
If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move
|
|
the cursor one position to the right,
|
|
such as the Microterm Mime,
|
|
this can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&uc .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include
|
|
.Sy \&mb
|
|
(blinking),
|
|
.Sy \&md
|
|
(bold or extra bright),
|
|
.Sy \&mh
|
|
(dim or half-bright),
|
|
.Sy \&mk
|
|
(blanking or invisible text),
|
|
.Sy \&mp
|
|
(protected),
|
|
.Sy \&mr
|
|
(reverse video),
|
|
.Sy \&me
|
|
(turn off
|
|
.Em all
|
|
attribute modes),
|
|
.Sy \&as
|
|
(enter alternate character set mode), and
|
|
.Sy \&ae
|
|
(exit alternate character set mode).
|
|
Turning on any of these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of mode,
|
|
this should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&sa
|
|
(set attributes), taking 9 parameters.
|
|
Each parameter is either 0 or 1,
|
|
as the corresponding attributes is on or off.
|
|
The 9 parameters are, in order: standout, underline, reverse, blink,
|
|
dim, bold, blank, protect, and alternate character set.
|
|
Not all modes need be supported by
|
|
.Sy \&sa ,
|
|
only those for which corresponding attribute commands exist.
|
|
(It is unlikely that a
|
|
.Nm Ns \-using
|
|
program will support this capability, which is defined for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Xr terminfo 5 . )
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Terminals with the
|
|
.Dq magic cookie
|
|
glitches
|
|
.Pf ( Sy \&sg
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ug ) ,
|
|
rather than maintaining extra attribute bits for each character cell,
|
|
instead deposit special
|
|
.Dq cookies ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq garbage characters ,
|
|
when they receive mode-setting sequences,
|
|
which affect the display algorithm.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some terminals,
|
|
such as the Hewlett-Packard 2621,
|
|
automatically leave standout
|
|
mode when they move to a new line or when the cursor is addressed.
|
|
Programs using standout mode
|
|
should exit standout mode on such terminals
|
|
before moving the cursor or sending a newline.
|
|
On terminals where this is not a problem,
|
|
the
|
|
.Sy \&ms
|
|
capability should be present
|
|
to say that this overhead is unnecessary.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has
|
|
a way of flashing the screen to indicate an error quietly
|
|
(a bell replacement),
|
|
this can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&vb ;
|
|
it must not move the cursor.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal
|
|
when it is not on the bottom line
|
|
(to change, for example, a non-blinking underline into an easier-to-find
|
|
block or blinking underline),
|
|
give this sequence as
|
|
.Sy \&vs .
|
|
If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give that as
|
|
.Sy \&vi .
|
|
The capability
|
|
.Sy \&ve ,
|
|
which undoes the effects of both of these modes,
|
|
should also be given.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your terminal correctly displays underlined characters
|
|
(with no special codes needed)
|
|
even though it does not overstrike,
|
|
then you should give the capability
|
|
.Sy \&ul .
|
|
If overstrikes are erasable with a blank,
|
|
this should be indicated by giving
|
|
.Sy \&eo .
|
|
.Ss Keypad
|
|
If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are pressed,
|
|
this information can be given.
|
|
Note that it is not possible to handle
|
|
terminals where the keypad only works in local mode
|
|
(this applies, for example, to the unshifted Hewlett-Packard 2621 keys).
|
|
If the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit,
|
|
give these codes as
|
|
.Sy \&ks
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ke .
|
|
Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.
|
|
The codes sent by the left-arrow, right-arrow, up-arrow, down-arrow,
|
|
and home keys can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&kl ,
|
|
.Sy \&kr ,
|
|
.Sy \&ku ,
|
|
.Sy \&kd ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&kh ,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f9, the codes they send
|
|
can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&k0 ,
|
|
.Sy \&k1 ,
|
|
\&...,
|
|
.Sy \&k9 .
|
|
If these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f9, the labels
|
|
can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&l0 ,
|
|
.Sy \&l1 ,
|
|
\&...,
|
|
.Sy \&l9 .
|
|
The codes transmitted by certain other special keys can be given:
|
|
.Sy \&kH
|
|
(home down),
|
|
.Sy \&kb
|
|
(backspace),
|
|
.Sy \&ka
|
|
(clear all tabs),
|
|
.Sy \&kt
|
|
(clear the tab stop in this column),
|
|
.Sy \&kC
|
|
(clear screen or erase),
|
|
.Sy \&kD
|
|
(delete character),
|
|
.Sy \&kL
|
|
(delete line),
|
|
.Sy \&kM
|
|
(exit insert mode),
|
|
.Sy \&kE
|
|
(clear to end of line),
|
|
.Sy \&kS
|
|
(clear to end of screen),
|
|
.Sy \&kI
|
|
(insert character or enter insert mode),
|
|
.Sy \&kA
|
|
(insert line),
|
|
.Sy \&kN
|
|
(next page),
|
|
.Sy \&kP
|
|
(previous page),
|
|
.Sy \&kF
|
|
(scroll forward/down),
|
|
.Sy \&kR
|
|
(scroll backward/up), and
|
|
.Sy \&kT
|
|
(set a tab stop in this column).
|
|
In addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys
|
|
including the four arrow keys, then the other five keys can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&K1 ,
|
|
.Sy \&K2 ,
|
|
.Sy \&K3 ,
|
|
.Sy \&K4 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&K5 .
|
|
These keys are useful when the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed.
|
|
The obsolete
|
|
.Sy \&ko
|
|
capability formerly used to describe
|
|
.Dq other
|
|
function keys has been
|
|
completely supplanted by the above capabilities.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy \&ma
|
|
entry is also used to indicate arrow keys on terminals that have
|
|
single-character arrow keys.
|
|
It is obsolete but still in use in
|
|
version 2 of
|
|
.Sy \&vi
|
|
which must be run on some minicomputers due to
|
|
memory limitations.
|
|
This field is redundant with
|
|
.Sy \&kl ,
|
|
.Sy \&kr ,
|
|
.Sy \&ku ,
|
|
.Sy \&kd ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&kh .
|
|
It consists of groups of two characters.
|
|
In each group, the first character is what an arrow key sends, and the
|
|
second character is the corresponding
|
|
.Sy \&vi
|
|
command.
|
|
These commands are
|
|
.Ar h
|
|
for
|
|
.Sy \&kl ,
|
|
.Ar j
|
|
for
|
|
.Sy \&kd ,
|
|
.Ar k
|
|
for
|
|
.Sy \&ku ,
|
|
.Ar l
|
|
for
|
|
.Sy \&kr ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar H
|
|
for
|
|
.Sy \&kh .
|
|
For example, the Mime would have
|
|
.Dq Li ma=^Hh^Kj^Zk^Xl
|
|
indicating arrow keys left (^H), down (^K), up (^Z), and right (^X).
|
|
(There is no home key on the Mime.)
|
|
.Ss Tabs and Initialization
|
|
If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running
|
|
a program that uses these capabilities,
|
|
the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ti
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&te .
|
|
This arises, for example, from terminals like the Concept with more than
|
|
one page of memory.
|
|
If the terminal has only memory-relative cursor addressing and not
|
|
screen-relative cursor addressing,
|
|
a screen-sized window must be fixed into
|
|
the display for cursor addressing to work properly.
|
|
This is also used for the Tektronix 4025, where
|
|
.Sy \&ti
|
|
sets the command character to be the one used by
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Other capabilities
|
|
include
|
|
.Sy \&is ,
|
|
an initialization string for the terminal,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&if ,
|
|
the name of a file containing long initialization strings.
|
|
These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes
|
|
consistent with the rest of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
description.
|
|
They are normally sent to the terminal by the
|
|
.Xr tset 1
|
|
program each time the user logs in.
|
|
They will be printed in the following order:
|
|
.Sy \&is ;
|
|
setting tabs using
|
|
.Sy \&ct
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&st ;
|
|
and finally
|
|
.Sy \&if .
|
|
.Pf ( Xr Terminfo
|
|
uses
|
|
.Sy \&i\&1-i2
|
|
instead of
|
|
.Sy \&is
|
|
and runs the program
|
|
.Sy \&iP
|
|
and prints
|
|
.Sy "\&i\&3"
|
|
after the other initializations.)
|
|
A pair of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state
|
|
can be analogously given as
|
|
.Sy \&rs
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&if .
|
|
These strings are output by the
|
|
.Xr reset 1
|
|
program, which is used when the terminal gets into a wedged state.
|
|
.Pf ( Xr Terminfo
|
|
uses
|
|
.Sy "\&r1-r3"
|
|
instead of
|
|
.Sy \&rs . )
|
|
Commands are normally placed in
|
|
.Sy \&rs
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&rf
|
|
only if they produce annoying effects on the screen and are not necessary
|
|
when logging in.
|
|
For example, the command to set the VT100 into 80-column mode
|
|
would normally be part of
|
|
.Sy \&is ,
|
|
but it causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally needed
|
|
since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has hardware tabs,
|
|
the command to advance to the next tab stop can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ta
|
|
(usually
|
|
.Sy \&^I ) .
|
|
A
|
|
.Dq backtab
|
|
command which moves leftward to the previous tab stop
|
|
can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&bt .
|
|
By convention,
|
|
if the terminal driver modes indicate that tab stops are being expanded
|
|
by the computer rather than being sent to the terminal,
|
|
programs should not use
|
|
.Sy \&ta
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy \&bt
|
|
even if they are present,
|
|
since the user may not have the tab stops properly set.
|
|
If the terminal has hardware tabs that are initially set every
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
positions when the terminal is powered up, then the numeric parameter
|
|
.Sy \&it
|
|
is given, showing the number of positions between tab stops.
|
|
This is normally used by the
|
|
.Xr tset 1
|
|
command to determine whether to set the driver mode for hardware tab
|
|
expansion, and whether to set the tab stops.
|
|
If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in nonvolatile memory, the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
description can assume that they are properly set.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ct
|
|
(clear all tab stops) and
|
|
.Sy \&st
|
|
(set a tab stop in the current column of every row).
|
|
If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be
|
|
described by this, the sequence can be placed in
|
|
.Sy \&is
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy \&if .
|
|
.Ss Delays
|
|
Certain capabilities control padding in the terminal driver.
|
|
These are primarily needed by hardcopy terminals and are used by the
|
|
.Xr tset 1
|
|
program to set terminal driver modes appropriately.
|
|
Delays embedded in the capabilities
|
|
.Sy \&cr ,
|
|
.Sy \&sf ,
|
|
.Sy \&le ,
|
|
.Sy \&ff ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&ta
|
|
will cause the appropriate delay bits to be set in the terminal driver.
|
|
If
|
|
.Sy \&pb
|
|
(padding baud rate) is given, these values can be ignored at baud rates
|
|
below the value of
|
|
.Sy \&pb .
|
|
For
|
|
.Bx 4.2
|
|
.Xr tset 1 ,
|
|
the delays are given as numeric capabilities
|
|
.Sy \&dC ,
|
|
.Sy \&dN ,
|
|
.Sy \&dB ,
|
|
.Sy \&dF ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&dT
|
|
instead.
|
|
.Ss Miscellaneous
|
|
If the terminal requires other than a
|
|
.Dv NUL
|
|
(zero) character as a pad,
|
|
this can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&pc .
|
|
Only the first character of the
|
|
.Sy \&pc
|
|
string is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has commands to save and restore the position of the
|
|
cursor, give them as
|
|
.Sy \&sc
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&rc .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has an extra
|
|
.Dq status line
|
|
that is not normally used by
|
|
software, this fact can be indicated.
|
|
If the status line is viewed as an extra line below the bottom line,
|
|
then the capability
|
|
.Sy \&hs
|
|
should be given.
|
|
Special strings to go to a position in the status line and to return
|
|
from the status line can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ts
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&fs .
|
|
.Pf ( Sy \&fs
|
|
must leave the cursor position in the same place that it was before
|
|
.Sy \&ts .
|
|
If necessary, the
|
|
.Sy \&sc
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&rc
|
|
strings can be included in
|
|
.Sy \&ts
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&fs
|
|
to get this effect.)
|
|
The capability
|
|
.Sy \&ts
|
|
takes one parameter, which is the column number of the status line
|
|
to which the cursor is to be moved.
|
|
If escape sequences and other special commands such as tab work while in
|
|
the status line, the flag
|
|
.Sy \&es
|
|
can be given.
|
|
A string that turns off the status line (or otherwise erases its contents)
|
|
should be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ds .
|
|
The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the
|
|
rest of the screen,
|
|
.Em i.e . ,
|
|
.Sy \&co .
|
|
If the status line is a different width (possibly because the terminal
|
|
does not allow an entire line to be loaded), then its width in columns
|
|
can be indicated with the numeric parameter
|
|
.Sy \&ws .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be
|
|
indicated with
|
|
.Sy \&hu
|
|
(half-line up) and
|
|
.Sy \&hd
|
|
(half-line down).
|
|
This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hardcopy
|
|
terminals.
|
|
If a hardcopy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed),
|
|
give this as
|
|
.Sy \&ff
|
|
(usually
|
|
.Sy \&^L ) .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of times
|
|
(to save time transmitting a large number of identical characters),
|
|
this can be indicated with the parameterized string
|
|
.Sy \&rp .
|
|
The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second is
|
|
the number of times to repeat it.
|
|
(This is a
|
|
.Xr terminfo 5
|
|
feature that is unlikely to be supported by a program that uses
|
|
.Nm . )
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the
|
|
Tektronix 4025, this can be indicated with
|
|
.Sy \&CC .
|
|
A prototype command character is chosen which is used in all capabilities.
|
|
This character is given in the
|
|
.Sy \&CC
|
|
capability to identify it.
|
|
The following convention is supported on some
|
|
.Ux
|
|
systems:
|
|
The environment is to be searched for a
|
|
.Ev \&CC
|
|
variable,
|
|
and if found,
|
|
all occurrences of the prototype character are replaced by the character
|
|
in the environment variable.
|
|
This use of the
|
|
.Ev \&CC
|
|
environment variable
|
|
is a very bad idea, as it conflicts with
|
|
.Xr make 1 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known
|
|
terminal, such as
|
|
.Em switch ,
|
|
.Em dialup ,
|
|
.Em patch ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Em network ,
|
|
should include the
|
|
.Sy \&gn
|
|
(generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do not know
|
|
how to talk to the terminal.
|
|
(This capability does not apply to
|
|
.Em virtual
|
|
terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal uses xoff/xon
|
|
.Pq Tn DC3 Ns / Ns Tn DC1
|
|
handshaking for flow control, give
|
|
.Sy \&xo .
|
|
Padding information should still be included so that routines can make
|
|
better decisions about costs, but actual pad characters will not be
|
|
transmitted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has a
|
|
.Dq meta key
|
|
which acts as a shift key, setting the
|
|
8th bit of any character transmitted, then this fact can be indicated with
|
|
.Sy \&km .
|
|
Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it will
|
|
usually be cleared.
|
|
If strings exist to turn this
|
|
.Dq meta mode
|
|
on and off, they can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&mm
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&mo .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at once,
|
|
the number of lines of memory can be indicated with
|
|
.Sy \&lm .
|
|
An explicit value of 0 indicates that the number of lines is not fixed,
|
|
but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the terminal is one of those supported by the
|
|
.Ux
|
|
system virtual
|
|
terminal protocol, the terminal number can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&vt .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer
|
|
connected to the terminal can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&ps :
|
|
print the contents of the screen;
|
|
.Sy \&pf :
|
|
turn off the printer; and
|
|
.Sy \&po :
|
|
turn on the printer.
|
|
When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the
|
|
printer.
|
|
It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen
|
|
when the printer is on.
|
|
A variation
|
|
.Sy \&pO
|
|
takes one parameter and leaves the printer on for as many characters as the
|
|
value of the parameter, then turns the printer off.
|
|
The parameter should not exceed 255.
|
|
All text, including
|
|
.Sy \&pf ,
|
|
is transparently passed to the printer while
|
|
.Sy \&pO
|
|
is in effect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Strings to program function keys can be given as
|
|
.Sy \&pk ,
|
|
.Sy \&pl ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&px .
|
|
Each of these strings takes two parameters: the function key number
|
|
to program (from 0 to 9) and the string to program it with.
|
|
Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined keys
|
|
in a terminal-dependent manner.
|
|
The differences among the capabilities are that
|
|
.Sy \&pk
|
|
causes pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the given
|
|
string;
|
|
.Sy \&pl
|
|
causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local mode;
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy \&px
|
|
causes the string to be transmitted to the computer.
|
|
Unfortunately, due to lack of a definition for string parameters in
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
only
|
|
.Xr terminfo 5
|
|
supports these capabilities.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Xr xterm 1
|
|
terminal emulator the traditional behavior in
|
|
.Fx
|
|
when exiting a pager such as
|
|
.Xr less 1
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr more 1 ,
|
|
or an editor such as
|
|
.Xr vi 1
|
|
is
|
|
.Em NOT
|
|
to clear the screen after the program exits.
|
|
If you prefer to clear the screen there are a number of
|
|
.Dq xterm-clear
|
|
entries that add this capability in the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file that you can use directly, or as examples.
|
|
.Ss Glitches and Braindamage
|
|
Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow `~' characters to be displayed,
|
|
should indicate
|
|
.Sy \&hz .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy \&nc
|
|
capability, now obsolete, formerly indicated Datamedia terminals,
|
|
which echo
|
|
.Sy \&\er \en
|
|
for
|
|
carriage return then ignore a following linefeed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Terminals that ignore a linefeed immediately after an
|
|
.Sy \&am
|
|
wrap, such as the Concept, should indicate
|
|
.Sy \&xn .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Sy \&ce
|
|
is required to get rid of standout
|
|
(instead of merely writing normal text on top of it),
|
|
.Sy \&xs
|
|
should be given.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks,
|
|
should indicate
|
|
.Sy \&xt
|
|
(destructive tabs).
|
|
This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not possible
|
|
to position the cursor on top of a
|
|
.Dq magic cookie ,
|
|
and that
|
|
to erase standout mode it is necessary to use delete and insert line.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the
|
|
.Dv ESC
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy \&^C
|
|
characters, has
|
|
.Sy \&xb ,
|
|
indicating that the
|
|
.Dq \&f\&1
|
|
key is used for
|
|
.Dv ESC
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq \&f\&2
|
|
for ^C.
|
|
(Only certain Superbees have this problem, depending on the
|
|
.Tn ROM . )
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more
|
|
capabilities of the form
|
|
.Sy x Ns Em x .
|
|
.Ss Similar Terminals
|
|
If there are two very similar terminals,
|
|
one can be defined as being just like the other with certain exceptions.
|
|
The string capability
|
|
.Sy \&tc
|
|
can be given
|
|
with the name of the similar terminal.
|
|
This capability must be
|
|
.Em last ,
|
|
and the combined length of the entries
|
|
must not exceed 1024.
|
|
The capabilities given before
|
|
.Sy \&tc
|
|
override those in the terminal type invoked by
|
|
.Sy \&tc .
|
|
A capability can be canceled by placing
|
|
.Sy \&xx@
|
|
to the left of the
|
|
.Sy \&tc
|
|
invocation, where
|
|
.Sy \&xx
|
|
is the capability.
|
|
For example, the entry
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
hn\||\|2621\-nl:ks@:ke@:tc=2621:
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
defines a
|
|
.Dq 2621\-nl
|
|
that does not have the
|
|
.Sy \&ks
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy \&ke
|
|
capabilities,
|
|
hence does not turn on the function key labels when in visual mode.
|
|
This is useful for different modes for a terminal, or for different
|
|
user preferences.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/termcap.db -compact
|
|
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
|
|
File containing terminal descriptions.
|
|
.It Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap.db
|
|
Hash database file containing terminal descriptions (see
|
|
.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ) .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr cap_mkdb 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ex 1 ,
|
|
.Xr more 1 ,
|
|
.Xr tset 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ul 1 ,
|
|
.Xr vi 1 ,
|
|
.Xr xterm 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ncurses 3 ,
|
|
.Xr printf 3 ,
|
|
.Xr termcap 3 ,
|
|
.Xr term 5
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS AND BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Em Note :
|
|
.Nm
|
|
functions
|
|
were replaced by
|
|
.Xr terminfo 5
|
|
in
|
|
.At V
|
|
Release 2.0.
|
|
The transition will be relatively painless if capabilities flagged as
|
|
.Dq obsolete
|
|
are avoided.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Lines and columns are now stored by the kernel as well as in the termcap
|
|
entry.
|
|
Most programs now use the kernel information primarily; the information
|
|
in this file is used only if the kernel does not have any information.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr \&vi 1
|
|
program allows only 256 characters for string capabilities, and the routines
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr termlib 3
|
|
do not check for overflow of this buffer.
|
|
The total length of a single entry (excluding only escaped newlines)
|
|
may not exceed 1024.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Not all programs support all entries.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file format appeared in
|
|
.Bx 3 .
|