163 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
163 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2007 S.Sam Arun Raj
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $Id: strings.1 2352 2011-12-19 11:21:10Z jkoshy $
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.\"
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.Dd December 19, 2011
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.Dt STRINGS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm strings
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.Nd "print the strings of printable characters in files"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl a | Fl -all
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.Op Fl e Ar encoding | Fl -encoding= Ns Ar encoding
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.Op Fl f | Fl -print-file-name
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.Op Fl h | Fl -help
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.Op Fl n Ar number | Fl -bytes= Ns Ar number | Fl Ar number
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.Op Fl o
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.Op Fl t Ar radix | Fl -radix= Ns Ar radix
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.Op Fl v | Fl -version
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.Op Ar
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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For each
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.Ar file
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specified, the
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.Nm
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utility prints contiguous sequences of printable
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characters that are at least
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.Va n
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characters long and are followed by an unprintable character.
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The default value of
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.Va n
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is 4.
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By default, the
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.Nm
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utility only scans the initialized and loaded sections of ELF objects;
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for other file types, the entire file is scanned.
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The
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.Nm
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utility is mainly used for determining the contents of non-text files.
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.Pp
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If no file name is specified as an argument, standard input is read.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a | Fl -all
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For ELF objects, scan the entire file for printable strings.
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.It Fl e Ar encoding | Fl -encoding= Ns Ar encoding
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Select the character encoding to be used while searching for strings.
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Valid values for argument
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.Ar encoding
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are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Ar s
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for single 7-bit-byte characters (ASCII, ISO 8859).
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.It Ar S
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for single 8-bit-byte characters.
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.It Ar l
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for 16-bit little-endian.
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.It Ar b
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for 16-bit big-endian.
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.It Ar L
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for 32-bit little-endian.
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.It Ar B
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for 32-bit big-endian.
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.El
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The default is to assume that characters are encoded using a single
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7-bit byte.
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.It Fl f | Fl -print-file-name
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Print the name of the file before each string.
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.It Fl h | Fl -help
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Print a usage summary and exit.
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.It Xo
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.Fl n Ar number |
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.Fl -bytes= Ns Ar number |
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.Fl Ar number
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.Xc
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Print the contiguous character sequence of at least
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.Ar number
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characters long, instead of the default of 4 characters.
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.It Fl o
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Equivalent to specifying
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.Fl t Ar o .
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.It Fl t Ar radix | Fl -radix= Ns Ar radix
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Print the offset from the start of the file before each string
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using the specified radix.
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Valid values for argument
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.Ar radix
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are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Ar d
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for decimal
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.It Ar o
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for octal
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.It Ar x
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for hexadecimal
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.El
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.It Fl v | Fl -version
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Display a version identifier and exit.
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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To display strings in
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.Pa /bin/ls
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use:
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.Dl "$ strings /bin/ls"
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.Pp
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To display strings in all sections of
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.Pa /bin/ln
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use:
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.Dl "$ strings -a /bin/ln"
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.Pp
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To display strings in all sections of
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.Pa /bin/cat
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prefixed with the filename and the offset within the file use:
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.Dl "$ strings -a -f -t x /bin/cat"
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ar 1 ,
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.Xr nm 1 ,
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.Xr objdump 1 ,
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.Xr ranlib ,
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.Xr readelf 1 ,
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.Xr size 1
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.Sh HISTORY
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The first FreeBSD
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Fx v3.
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It was later discontinued in
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.Fx v5 ,
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when i386-only a.out format was dropped in favor of ELF.
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An -nosplit
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The
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.Nm
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utility was re-written by
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.An S.Sam Arun Raj Aq samarunraj@gmail.com .
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This manual page was written by
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.An S.Sam Arun Raj Aq samarunraj@gmail.com .
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