151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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$FreeBSD$
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This section contains the contents of the old LAYOUT.TXT file.
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-->
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<sect1 id="layout">
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<title>Distribution Format</title>
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<para>A typical &os; distribution directory looks something like
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this (exact details may vary depending on version, architecture,
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and other factors):</para>
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<screen>ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
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ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
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HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
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HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
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INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
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INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
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README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools</screen>
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<para>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from this
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distribution directory, all you need to do is make the 1.44MB boot
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floppies from the floppies directory (see
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<xref linkend="floppies"> for instructions on how to
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do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest of the
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data needed during the installation will be obtained automatically
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based on your selections. If you've never installed &os; before,
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you also want to read the entirety of this document (the
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installation instructions) file.</para>
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<para>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are
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merely curious about how a distribution is organized, what follows
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is a more thorough description of some of these items in more detail:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>*.TXT</filename> and
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<filename>*.HTM</filename> files contain
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documentation (for example, this document is contained in both
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<filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> and
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<filename>INSTALL.HTM</filename>) and should be read
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before starting an installation. The
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<filename>*.TXT</filename> files are plain text, while the
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<filename>*.HTM</filename> files are HTML files that can be
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read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may
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contain documentation in other formats as well, such as PDF or
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PostScript.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>docbook.css</filename> is a Cascading Style
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Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for formatting the
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HTML documentation.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>base</filename>,
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<filename>catpages</filename>,
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<filename>crypto</filename>,
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<filename>dict</filename>,
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<filename>doc</filename>,
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<filename>games</filename>,
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<filename>info</filename>,
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<filename>manpages</filename>,
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<filename>proflibs</filename>, and
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<filename>src</filename> directories contain the primary distribution
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components of &os; itself and are split into smaller files
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for easy packing onto floppies (should that be
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necessary).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>compat1x</filename>,
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<filename>compat20</filename>,
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<filename>compat21</filename>,
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<filename>compat22</filename>,
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<filename>compat3x</filename>, and
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<filename>compat4x</filename>
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directories contain distributions for compatibility with older
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releases and are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they
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can be installed during release time or later by running their
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<filename>install.sh</filename> scripts.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>floppies/</filename> subdirectory contains the floppy
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installation images; further information on using them can be
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found in <xref linkend="floppies">.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>packages</filename> and <filename>ports</filename> directories contain the &os;
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Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from
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the packages directory by running the command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root;<userinput>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</userinput></screen>
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<para>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual
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filenames in <filename>packages</filename>/ to the &man.pkg.add.1; command.</para>
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<para>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other
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distribution and requires about 190MB unpacked. More
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information on the ports collection may be obtained from
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<ulink url="&url.base;/ports/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink> or locally from
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/handbook</filename> if you've installed the <filename>doc</filename>
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distribution.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Last of all, the <filename>tools</filename> directory contains various DOS
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tools for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers
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and the like. It is purely optional and provided only for user
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convenience.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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<para>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <filename>info</filename> distribution) looks like this internally:</para>
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<screen>CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
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info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree</screen>
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<para>The <filename>CHECKSUM.MD5</filename> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
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should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It
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is not used by the actual installation and does not need to be
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copied with the rest of the distribution files. The <filename>info.a*</filename> files
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are split, gzip'd tar files, the contents of which can be viewed by
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doing:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</userinput></screen>
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<para>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and
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extracted by the installation procedure.</para>
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<para>The <filename>info.inf</filename> file is also necessary since it is read by the
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installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look
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for when fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting
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distributions onto floppies, the <filename>.inf</filename> file <emphasis>must</emphasis> occupy the first
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floppy of each distribution set!</para>
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<para>The <filename>info.mtree</filename> file is another non-essential file which is
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provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the
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<emphasis>unpacked</emphasis> distribution files and can be later
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used with the &man.mtree.8; program to verify the installation
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permissions and checksums against any possible modifications to the
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file. When used with the <filename>base</filename> distribution,
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this can be an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on
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your system.</para>
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<para>Finally, the <filename>install.sh</filename> file is for use
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by those who want to install the distribution after installation
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time. To install the info distribution from CDROM after a system
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was installed, for example, you'd do:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/info</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>sh install.sh</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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