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freebsd-dev/UPDATING

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Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh
<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly
done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.
Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running
portupgrade.
NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW:
FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in
both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect
incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure
through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They
also substantially impact system performance. If you want to
do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization,
you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS-
related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags
in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many
developers choose to disable these features on build machines
to maximize performance.
20060317:
Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names.
New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled
after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf
(the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards
compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's
highly recommended to start moving old options out of the
system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf
while also properly renaming them. More conversions will
likely follow. Posting to current@:
http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html
20060305:
The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its
functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now.
20060303:
The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the
tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko
kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support
for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through
its dependencies.
20060204:
The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality
in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating,
including the requirement to run mergemaster -p.
20060201:
The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386.
Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync.
20060118:
This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel
now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules.
This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You
will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old
on your next install.
If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add
-DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes"
to your /etc/make.conf.
20060113:
libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the
potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed.
See the malloc(3) manual page for more details.
20060112:
The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade
kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland
and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4.
20060106:
si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number.
Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f].
20060106:
The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size
of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such
as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures.
Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync.
20051231:
The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted
from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove
any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config.
20051211:
The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory
have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a
"wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted
accordingly.
20051202:
Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in
/etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will
now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are
errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could
cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in
single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory.
Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the
freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list.
20051129:
The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it
was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed
in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error.
20051129:
ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need
to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel.
20051108:
rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number.
Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f].
20051029:
/etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp.
Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from
the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it.
20051014:
Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel
configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options
due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be
corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of
the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options
in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and
modules afterwards.
20051001:
kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8)
to turn polling(4) on your interfaces.
20050927:
The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new
if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement.
20050722:
The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t
to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI
compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile
userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit
architecture.
20050711:
RELENG_6 branched here.
20050629:
The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new
variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike
pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that
do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in
removable_interfaces.
20050616:
Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of
non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring
to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been
made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid
ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may
affect existing configurations.
20050610:
Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be
recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be
updated to the new APIs.
20050609:
Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile
userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w'
will not behave correctly.
The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition
of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and
usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}.
20050606:
The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient
and the network interface configuration scripts were updated
accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you
must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need
to find a workaround if you use this feature.
The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be
sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time
anyway).
20050605:
if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet.
Please recompile userland and all network related modules.
20050603:
The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and
1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to
conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI
compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes,
shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile
userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3),
getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture.
20050528:
Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell
scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will
fail after this date. For full details, please see
http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt
20050503:
The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7
Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that
authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function.
20050415:
The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386
amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local
APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option
should be updated.
20050227:
The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine
independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld
when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires
recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages.
20050225:
The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to
contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the
statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because
wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact
unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of
none at this point.)
20050224:
The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the
acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately.
20050223:
The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to
recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use
with the new kernel.
20050223:
The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes
"options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or
compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality.
20050220:
The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of
a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the
background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended
if you have updated the kernel.
To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount
time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before
mounting the new volume.
20050206:
The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for
acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script
has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in
rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies.
20050206:
NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko)
requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities.
20050114:
Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is
now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the
correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may
be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be
considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to
this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words.
20041221:
By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed
to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old
spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying
warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see
the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file).
20041219:
Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has
been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure
the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them
prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption
with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to
use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp,
and wlan_xauth as required.
20041213:
The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled
(``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on
negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this
behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to
reflect the change.
20041201:
The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support
into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the
wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module
in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load
the module when a wep key is configured).
20041201:
The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control
algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either
ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel.
20041116:
Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please
use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386.
20041110:
We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem
R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode
work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People
building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems
may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in
their /etc/rc scripts.
20041104:
FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here.
20041102:
The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal
of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that
read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.)
20041022:
The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile
userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly
(netstat, sockstat, etc.)
20041016:
RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating
in the RELENG_5 branch.
COMMON ITEMS:
General Notes
-------------
Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the
past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or
installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between
"distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary
or several minor releases, or when several months have passed
on the -current branch).
Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its
environment when searching for values for global variables.
To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room",
prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual
page for more details.
When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally
best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch
first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested
upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful.
Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major
version upgrade.
To build a kernel
-----------------
If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most
failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
make kernel-toolchain
make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
To test a kernel once
---------------------
If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
debugging information) run
make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
nextboot -k testkernel
To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
--------------------------------------------------------------
This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace
${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
"alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc).
cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
make depend
make
make install
If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
-----------------------------------------------------------
# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
make buildworld
make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
[1]
<reboot in single user> [3]
mergemaster -p [5]
make installworld
make delete-old
mergemaster [4]
<reboot>
To cross-install current onto a separate partition
--------------------------------------------------
# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition
# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
# size.
<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
<boot into -stable>
make buildworld
make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
<maybe newfs current's root partition>
<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd
<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
<reboot into current>
<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
<maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat>
<reboot>
To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current
----------------------------------------------
<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
make buildworld [9]
make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8]
[1]
<reboot in single user> [3]
mergemaster -p [5]
make installworld
make delete-old
mergemaster -i [4]
<reboot>
Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life
cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
the UPDATING entries.
Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update
your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has
much fewer pitfalls.
[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
system on reboot.
[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
fsck -p
mount -u /
mount -a
cd src
adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time
Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
[4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step
can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
for potential gotchas.
[5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time
you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to
install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408.
[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries
needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4
option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system
that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5
is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.
Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
last time you updated your kernel config file.
[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
cvs prune empty directories.
If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will
warn if it is improperly defined.
FORMAT:
This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here,
and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in
previous releases if your system is older than this.
Copyright information:
Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved.
Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
document are permitted without further permission from the author.
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the
author a beer.
Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
this document.
$FreeBSD$
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