963181997b
o Update to match 5-CURRENT reality. o Bump up minimum system requirements. o Make examples work. PR: docs/70485 Submitted by: Gavin Atkinson <gavin.atkinson@ury.york.ac.uk>
151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
151 lines
6.8 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
|
|
$FreeBSD$
|
|
|
|
This section contains the contents of the old LAYOUT.TXT file.
|
|
-->
|
|
<sect1 id="layout">
|
|
<title>Distribution Format</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>A typical &os; distribution directory looks something like
|
|
this (exact details may vary depending on version, architecture,
|
|
and other factors):</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
|
|
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
|
|
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
|
|
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
|
|
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
|
|
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
|
|
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from this
|
|
distribution directory, all you need to do is make the 1.44MB boot
|
|
floppies from the floppies directory (see
|
|
<xref linkend="floppies"> for instructions on how to
|
|
do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest of the
|
|
data needed during the installation will be obtained automatically
|
|
based on your selections. If you've never installed &os; before,
|
|
you also want to read the entirety of this document (the
|
|
installation instructions) file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are
|
|
merely curious about how a distribution is organized, what follows
|
|
is a more thorough description of some of these items in more detail:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <filename>*.TXT</filename> and
|
|
<filename>*.HTM</filename> files contain
|
|
documentation (for example, this document is contained in both
|
|
<filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> and
|
|
<filename>INSTALL.HTM</filename>) and should be read
|
|
before starting an installation. The
|
|
<filename>*.TXT</filename> files are plain text, while the
|
|
<filename>*.HTM</filename> files are HTML files that can be
|
|
read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may
|
|
contain documentation in other formats as well, such as PDF or
|
|
PostScript.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><filename>docbook.css</filename> is a Cascading Style
|
|
Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for formatting the
|
|
HTML documentation.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <filename>base</filename>,
|
|
<filename>catpages</filename>,
|
|
<filename>crypto</filename>,
|
|
<filename>dict</filename>,
|
|
<filename>doc</filename>,
|
|
<filename>games</filename>,
|
|
<filename>info</filename>,
|
|
<filename>manpages</filename>,
|
|
<filename>proflibs</filename>, and
|
|
<filename>src</filename> directories contain the primary distribution
|
|
components of &os; itself and are split into smaller files
|
|
for easy packing onto floppies (should that be
|
|
necessary).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <filename>compat1x</filename>,
|
|
<filename>compat20</filename>,
|
|
<filename>compat21</filename>,
|
|
<filename>compat22</filename>,
|
|
<filename>compat3x</filename>, and
|
|
<filename>compat4x</filename>
|
|
directories contain distributions for compatibility with older
|
|
releases and are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they
|
|
can be installed during release time or later by running their
|
|
<filename>install.sh</filename> scripts.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <filename>floppies/</filename> subdirectory contains the floppy
|
|
installation images; further information on using them can be
|
|
found in <xref linkend="floppies">.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <filename>packages</filename> and <filename>ports</filename> directories contain the &os;
|
|
Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from
|
|
the packages directory by running the command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root;<userinput>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual
|
|
filenames in <filename>packages</filename>/ to the &man.pkg.add.1; command.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other
|
|
distribution and requires about 190MB unpacked. More
|
|
information on the ports collection may be obtained from
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink> or locally from
|
|
<filename>/usr/share/doc/handbook</filename> if you've installed the <filename>doc</filename>
|
|
distribution.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Last of all, the <filename>tools</filename> directory contains various DOS
|
|
tools for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers
|
|
and the like. It is purely optional and provided only for user
|
|
convenience.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <filename>info</filename> distribution) looks like this internally:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
|
|
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>CHECKSUM.MD5</filename> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
|
|
should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It
|
|
is not used by the actual installation and does not need to be
|
|
copied with the rest of the distribution files. The <filename>info.a*</filename> files
|
|
are split, gzip'd tar files, the contents of which can be viewed by
|
|
doing:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and
|
|
extracted by the installation procedure.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>info.inf</filename> file is also necessary since it is read by the
|
|
installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look
|
|
for when fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting
|
|
distributions onto floppies, the <filename>.inf</filename> file <emphasis>must</emphasis> occupy the first
|
|
floppy of each distribution set!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>info.mtree</filename> file is another non-essential file which is
|
|
provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the
|
|
<emphasis>unpacked</emphasis> distribution files and can be later
|
|
used with the &man.mtree.8; program to verify the installation
|
|
permissions and checksums against any possible modifications to the
|
|
file. When used with the <filename>base</filename> distribution,
|
|
this can be an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on
|
|
your system.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Finally, the <filename>install.sh</filename> file is for use
|
|
by those who want to install the distribution after installation
|
|
time. To install the info distribution from CDROM after a system
|
|
was installed, for example, you'd do:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/info</userinput>
|
|
&prompt.root; <userinput>sh install.sh</userinput></screen>
|
|
</sect1>
|