freebsd-dev/lib/libc/sys/write.2
John Baldwin bcd9e0dd20 - Add two new system calls: preadv() and pwritev() which are like readv()
and writev() except that they take an additional offset argument and do
  not change the current file position.  In SAT speak:
  preadv:readv::pread:read and pwritev:writev::pwrite:write.
- Try to reduce code duplication some by merging most of the old
  kern_foov() and dofilefoo() functions into new dofilefoo() functions
  that are called by kern_foov() and kern_pfoov().  The non-v functions
  now all generate a simple uio on the stack from the passed in arguments
  and then call kern_foov().  For example, read() now just builds a uio and
  calls kern_readv() and pwrite() just builds a uio and calls kern_pwritev().

PR:		kern/80362
Submitted by:	Marc Olzheim marcolz at stack dot nl (1)
Approved by:	re (scottl)
MFC after:	1 week
2005-07-07 18:17:55 +00:00

290 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff

.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)write.2 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd October 16, 2004
.Dt WRITE 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm write ,
.Nm writev ,
.Nm pwrite
.Nd write output
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/types.h
.In sys/uio.h
.In unistd.h
.Ft ssize_t
.Fn write "int d" "const void *buf" "size_t nbytes"
.Ft ssize_t
.Fn pwrite "int d" "const void *buf" "size_t nbytes" "off_t offset"
.Ft ssize_t
.Fn writev "int d" "const struct iovec *iov" "int iovcnt"
.Ft ssize_t
.Fn pwritev "int d" "const struct iovec *iov" "int iovcnt" "off_t offset"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn write
system call
attempts to write
.Fa nbytes
of data to the object referenced by the descriptor
.Fa d
from the buffer pointed to by
.Fa buf .
The
.Fn writev
system call
performs the same action, but gathers the output data
from the
.Fa iovcnt
buffers specified by the members of the
.Fa iov
array: iov[0], iov[1], ..., iov[iovcnt\|-\|1].
The
.Fn pwrite
and
.Fn pwritev
system calls
perform the same functions, but write to the specified position in
the file without modifying the file pointer.
.Pp
For
.Fn writev
and
.Fn pwritev,
the
.Fa iovec
structure is defined as:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
struct iovec {
void *iov_base; /* Base address. */
size_t iov_len; /* Length. */
};
.Ed
.Pp
Each
.Fa iovec
entry specifies the base address and length of an area
in memory from which data should be written.
The
.Fn writev
system call
will always write a complete area before proceeding
to the next.
.Pp
On objects capable of seeking, the
.Fn write
starts at a position
given by the pointer associated with
.Fa d ,
see
.Xr lseek 2 .
Upon return from
.Fn write ,
the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes which were written.
.Pp
Objects that are not capable of seeking always write from the current
position.
The value of the pointer associated with such an object
is undefined.
.Pp
If the real user is not the super-user, then
.Fn write
clears the set-user-id bit on a file.
This prevents penetration of system security
by a user who
.Dq captures
a writable set-user-id file
owned by the super-user.
.Pp
When using non-blocking I/O on objects such as sockets that are subject
to flow control,
.Fn write
and
.Fn writev
may write fewer bytes than requested;
the return value must be noted,
and the remainder of the operation should be retried when possible.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion the number of bytes which were written
is returned.
Otherwise a -1 is returned and the global variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn write ,
.Fn writev ,
.Fn pwrite
and
.Fn pwritev
system calls
will fail and the file pointer will remain unchanged if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EBADF
The
.Fa d
argument
is not a valid descriptor open for writing.
.It Bq Er EPIPE
An attempt is made to write to a pipe that is not open
for reading by any process.
.It Bq Er EPIPE
An attempt is made to write to a socket of type
.Dv SOCK_STREAM
that is not connected to a peer socket.
.It Bq Er EFBIG
An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the process's
file size limit or the maximum file size.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
Part of
.Fa iov
or data to be written to the file
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The pointer associated with
.Fa d
was negative.
.It Bq Er ENOSPC
There is no free space remaining on the file system
containing the file.
.It Bq Er EDQUOT
The user's quota of disk blocks on the file system
containing the file has been exhausted.
.It Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
.It Bq Er EINTR
A signal interrupted the write before it could be completed.
.It Bq Er EAGAIN
The file was marked for non-blocking I/O,
and no data could be written immediately.
.It Bq Er EROFS
An attempt was made to write over a disk label area at the beginning
of a slice.
Use
.Xr disklabel 8
.Fl W
to enable writing on the disk label area.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value
.Fa nbytes
is greater than
.Dv INT_MAX .
.El
.Pp
In addition,
.Fn writev
and
.Fn pwritev
may return one of the following errors:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EDESTADDRREQ
The destination is no longer available when writing to a
.Ux
domain datagram socket on which
.Xr connect 2
had been used to set a destination address.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa iovcnt
argument
was less than or equal to 0, or greater than
.Dv IOV_MAX .
.It Bq Er EINVAL
One of the
.Fa iov_len
values in the
.Fa iov
array was negative.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The sum of the
.Fa iov_len
values in the
.Fa iov
array overflowed a 32-bit integer.
.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
The mbuf pool has been completely exhausted when writing to a socket.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pwrite
and
.Fn pwritev
system calls may also return the following errors:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa offset
value was negative.
.It Bq Er ESPIPE
The file descriptor is associated with a pipe, socket, or FIFO.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fcntl 2 ,
.Xr lseek 2 ,
.Xr open 2 ,
.Xr pipe 2 ,
.Xr select 2
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn write
system call is expected to conform to
.St -p1003.1-90 .
The
.Fn writev
and
.Fn pwrite
system calls are expected to conform to
.St -xpg4.2 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn pwritev
system call appeared in
.Fx 6.0 .
The
.Fn pwrite
function appeared in
.At V.4 .
The
.Fn writev
system call appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
The
.Fn write
function appeared in
.At v6 .