a53dffb774
with the old behavior available via the -o option (it might still be
useful if one has many kernels and cares which messages came from
which). If the boot file is not used as the prefix, it is still
logged once at startup.
This change is prompted by the fact that the boot file is now much
longer ("/boot/kernel/kernel" vs. "/kernel"), which significanlty
bloats the syslogd output.
Reviewed by: peter
326 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
326 lines
8.3 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1986, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)syslogd.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 24, 2001
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.Dt SYSLOGD 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm syslogd
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.Nd log systems messages
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl 46Adknosuv
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.Op Fl a Ar allowed_peer
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.Op Fl b Ar bind_address
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.Op Fl f Ar config_file
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.Op Fl m Ar mark_interval
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.Op Fl p Ar log_socket
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.Op Fl P Ar pid_file
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.Op Fl l Ar path
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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daemon reads and logs messages to the system console, log files, other
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machines and/or users as specified by its configuration file.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl 4
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Forces
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.Nm
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to use IPv4 addresses only.
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.It Fl 6
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Forces
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.Nm
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to use IPv6 addresses only.
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.It Fl A
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Ordinarily,
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.Nm
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tries to send the message to only one address
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even if the host has more than one A or AAAA record.
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If this option is specified,
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.Nm
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tries to send the message to all addresses.
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.It Fl a Ar allowed_peer
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Allow
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.Ar allowed_peer
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to log to this
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.Nm
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using UDP datagrams. Multiple
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.Fl a
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options may be specified.
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.Pp
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.Ar Allowed_peer
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can be any of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width "ipaddr/masklen[:service]XX"
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.It Xo
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.Sm off
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.Ar ipaddr
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.No / Ar masklen
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.Op : Ar service
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.Sm on
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.Xc
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Accept datagrams from
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.Ar ipaddr
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(in the usual dotted quad notation) with
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.Ar masklen
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bits being taken into account when doing the address comparison.
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.Ar ipaddr
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can be also IPv6 address by enclosing the address with
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.Ql \&[
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and
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.Ql \&] .
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If specified,
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.Ar service
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is the name or number of an UDP service (see
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.Xr services 5 )
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the source packet must belong to. A
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.Ar service
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of
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.Ql \&*
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allows packets being sent from any UDP port. The default
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.Ar service
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is
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.Ql syslog .
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If
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.Ar ipaddr
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is IPv4 address, a missing
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.Ar masklen
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will be substituted by the historic class A or class B netmasks if
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.Ar ipaddr
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belongs into the address range of class A or B, respectively, or
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by 24 otherwise. If
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.Ar ipaddr
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is IPv6 address, a missing
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.Ar masklen
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will be substituted by 128.
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.It Xo
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.Sm off
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.Ar domainname Op : Ar service
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.Sm on
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.Xc
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Accept datagrams where the reverse address lookup yields
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.Ar domainname
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for the sender address. The meaning of
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.Ar service
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is as explained above.
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.It Xo
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.Sm off
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.No * Ar domainname Op : Ar service
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.Sm on
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.Xc
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Same as before, except that any source host whose name
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.Em ends
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in
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.Ar domainname
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will get permission.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl a
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options are ignored if the
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.Fl s
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option is also specified.
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.It Fl b Ar bind_address
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Specify one specific IP address or hostname to bind to.
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If a hostname is specified,
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the IPv4 or IPv6 address which corresponds to it is used.
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.It Fl d
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Put
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.Nm
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into debugging mode. This is probably only of use to developers working on
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.Nm .
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.It Fl f
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Specify the pathname of an alternate configuration file;
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the default is
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.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
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.It Fl k
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Disable the translation of
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messages received with facility
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.Dq kern
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to facility
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.Dq user .
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Usually the
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.Dq kern
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facility is reserved for messages read directly from
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.Pa /dev/klog .
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.It Fl m
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Select the number of minutes between
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.Dq mark
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messages; the default is 20 minutes.
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.It Fl n
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Disable dns query for every request.
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.It Fl o
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Prefix kernel messages with the full kernel boot file as determined by
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.Xr getbootfile 3 .
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Without this, the kernel message prefix is always
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.Dq kernel: .
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.It Fl p
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Specify the pathname of an alternate log socket to be used instead;
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the default is
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.Pa /var/run/log .
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.It Fl P
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Specify an alternative file in which to store the process ID.
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The default is
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.Pa /var/run/syslog.pid .
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.It Fl l
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Specify a location where
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.Nm
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should place an additional log socket.
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Up to 19 additional logging sockets can be specified.
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The primary use for this is to place additional log sockets in
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.Pa /var/run/log
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of various chroot filespaces.
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.It Fl s
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Operate in secure mode. Do not log messages from remote machines. If
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specified twice, no network socket will be opened at all, which also
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disables logging to remote machines.
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.It Fl u
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Unique priority logging. Only log messages at the specified priority.
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Without this option, messages at the stated priority or higher are logged.
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This option changes the default comparison from
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.Dq =>
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to
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.Dq = .
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.It Fl v
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Verbose logging. If specified once, the numeric facility and priority are
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logged with each locally-written message. If specified more than once,
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the names of the facility and priority are logged with each locally-written
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message.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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daemon reads its configuration file when it starts up and whenever it
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receives a hangup signal.
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For information on the format of the configuration file,
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see
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.Xr syslog.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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daemon reads messages from the
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.Tn UNIX
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domain socket
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.Pa /var/run/log ,
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from an Internet domain socket specified in
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.Pa /etc/services ,
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and from the special device
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.Pa /dev/klog
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(to read kernel messages).
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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daemon creates its process ID file,
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by default
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.Pa /var/run/syslog.pid ,
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and stores its process
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ID there.
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This can be used to kill or reconfigure
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.Nm .
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.Pp
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The message sent to
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.Nm
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should consist of a single line.
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The message can contain a priority code, which should be a preceding
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decimal number in angle braces, for example,
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.Sq Aq 5 .
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This priority code should map into the priorities defined in the
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include file
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.Aq Pa sys/syslog.h .
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.Pp
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For security reasons,
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.Nm
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will not append to log files that do not exist;
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therefore, they must be created manually before running
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.Nm .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/run/syslog.pid -compact
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.It Pa /etc/syslog.conf
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configuration file
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.It Pa /var/run/syslog.pid
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default process ID file
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.It Pa /var/run/log
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name of the
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.Tn UNIX
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domain datagram log socket
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.It Pa /dev/klog
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kernel log device
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr logger 1 ,
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.Xr syslog 3 ,
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.Xr services 5 ,
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.Xr syslog.conf 5
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl a ,
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.Fl s ,
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.Fl u ,
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and
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.Fl v
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options are
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.Fx 2.2
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extensions.
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.Sh BUGS
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The ability to log messages received in UDP packets is equivalent to
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an unauthenticated remote disk-filling service, and should probably be
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disabled by default. Some sort of
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.No inter- Ns Nm syslogd
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authentication mechanism ought to be worked out. To prevent the worst
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abuse, use of the
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.Fl a
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option is therefore highly recommended.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl a
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matching algorithm doesn't pretend to be very efficient; use of numeric
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IP addresses is faster than domain name comparison. Since the allowed
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peer list is being walked linearly, peer groups where frequent messages
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are being anticipated from should be put early into the
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.Fl a
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list.
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.Pp
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The log socket was moved from
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.Pa /dev
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to ease the use of a read-only root filesystem.
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This may confuse
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some old binaries so that a symbolic link might be used for a
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transitional period.
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