800 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
800 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)fns.doc 8.2 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
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.\"
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.Ds
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.Fn addch "char ch" \(dg
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.De
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Add the character
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.Vn ch
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on the window
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at the current \*y.
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If the character is a newline
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(\'\en\')
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the line will be cleared to the end,
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and the current \*y will be changed to the
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beginning off the next line
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if newline mapping is on,
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or to the next line at the same x co-ordinate
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if it is off.
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A return
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(\'\er\')
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will move to the beginning of the line on the window.
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Tabs
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(\'\et\')
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will be expanded into spaces
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in the normal tabstop positions of
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every eight characters.
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\*(Es
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.Ds
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.Fn addstr "char *str" \(dg
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.De
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Add the string pointed to by
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.Vn str
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on the window at the current \*y.
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\*(Es
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In this case, it will put on as much as it can.
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.Ds
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.Fn baudrate "" \(dg
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.De
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Returns the output baud rate of the terminal.
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This is a system dependent constant
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(defined in
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.b <sys/tty.h>
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on BSD systems,
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which is included by
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.b <curses.h> ).
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.Ds
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.Fn box "WINDOW win" "char vert" "char hor"
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.De
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.Pp
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Draws a box around the window using
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.Vn vert
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as the character for drawing the vertical sides, and
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.Vn hor
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for drawing the horizontal lines.
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If scrolling is not allowed,
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and the window encompasses the lower right-hand corner of the terminal,
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the corners are left blank to avoid a scroll.
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.Ds
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.Fn cbreak "" \(dg
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.De
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Set or the terminal to cbreak mode.
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.Ds
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.Fn clear "" \(dg
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.De
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Resets the entire window to blanks.
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If
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.Vn win
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is a screen,
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this sets the clear flag,
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which will cause a clear-screen sequence to be sent
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on the next
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.Fn refresh
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call.
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This also moves the current \*y
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to (0\*,0).
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.Ds
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.Fn clearok "WINDOW *scr" "int boolf" \(dg
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.De
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Sets the clear flag for the screen
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.Vn scr .
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If
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.Vn boolf
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is non-zero,
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this will force a clear-screen to be printed on the next
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.Fn refresh ,
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or stop it from doing so if
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.Vn boolf
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is 0.
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This only works on screens,
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and,
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unlike
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.Fn clear ,
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does not alter the contents of the screen.
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If
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.Vn scr
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is
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.Vn curscr ,
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the next
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.Fn refresh
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call will cause a clear-screen,
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even if the window passed to
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.Fn refresh
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is not a screen.
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.Ds
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.Fn clrtobot "" \(dg
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.De
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Wipes the window clear from the current \*y to the bottom.
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This does not force a clear-screen sequence on the next refresh
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under any circumstances.
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\*(Nm
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.Ds
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.Fn clrtoeol "" \(dg
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.De
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Wipes the window clear from the current \*y to the end of the line.
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\*(Nm
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.Ds
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.Fn crmode "" \(dg
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.De
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Identical to
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.Fn cbreak .
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The misnamed macro
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.Fn crmode
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and
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.Fn nocrmode
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is retained for backwards compatibility
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with ealier versions of the library.
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.Ds
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.Fn delch ""
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.De
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Delete the character at the current \*y.
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Each character after it on the line shifts to the left,
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and the last character becomes blank.
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.Ds
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.Fn deleteln ""
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.De
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Delete the current line.
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Every line below the current one will move up,
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and the bottom line will become blank.
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The current \*y will remain unchanged.
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.Ds
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.Fn delwin "WINDOW *win"
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.De
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Deletes the window from existence.
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All resources are freed for future use by
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.b calloc (3).
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If a window has a
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.Fn subwin
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allocated window inside of it,
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deleting the outer window
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the subwindow is not affected,
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even though this does invalidate it.
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Therefore,
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subwindows should be deleted before their
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outer windows are.
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.Ds
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.Fn echo "" \(dg
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.De
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Sets the terminal to echo characters.
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.Ds
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.Fn endwin ""
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.De
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Finish up window routines before exit.
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This restores the terminal to the state it was before
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.Fn initscr
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(or
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.Fn gettmode
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and
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.Fn setterm )
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was called.
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It should always be called before exiting and before the final calls to
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.Fn delwin .
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It does not exit.
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This is especially useful for resetting tty stats
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when trapping rubouts via
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.b signal (2).
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.Ds
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.Fn erase "" \(dg
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.De
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Erases the window to blanks without setting the clear flag.
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This is analagous to
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.Fn clear ,
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except that it never causes a clear-screen sequence to be generated
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on a
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.Fn refresh .
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\*(Nm
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.Ds
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.Fn erasechar "" \(dg
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.De
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Returns the erase character
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for the terminal,
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.i i.e. ,
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the character used by the user to erase a single character from the input.
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.Ds
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.Fn flushok "WINDOW *win" "int boolf"
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.De
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Normally,
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.Fn refresh
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.Fn fflush 's
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.Vn stdout
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when it is finished.
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.Fn flushok
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allows you to control this.
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if
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.Vn boolf
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is non-zero
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(\c
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.i i.e. ,
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non-zero)
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it will do the
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.Fn fflush ,
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otherwise it will not.
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.Ds
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.Fn getch "" \(dg
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.De
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Gets a character from the terminal and (if necessary)
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echos it on the window.
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\*(Es
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Otherwise, the character gotten is returned.
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If
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.i noecho
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has been set, then the window is left unaltered.
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In order to retain control of the terminal,
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it is necessary to have one of
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.i noecho ,
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.i cbreak ,
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or
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.i rawmode
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set.
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If you do not set one,
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whatever routine you call to read characters will set
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.i cbreak
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for you,
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and then reset to the original mode when finished.
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.Ds
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.Fn getstr "char *str" \(dg
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.De
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Get a string through the window
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and put it in the location pointed to by
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.Vn str ,
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which is assumed to be large enough to handle it.
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It sets tty modes if necessary,
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and then calls
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.Fn getch
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(or
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.Fn wgetch )
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to get the characters needed to fill in the string
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until a newline or EOF is encountered.
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The newline stripped off the string.
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\*(Es
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.Ds
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.Fn gettmode ""
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.De
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Get the tty stats.
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This is normally called by
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.Fn initscr .
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.Ds
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.Fn getyx "WINDOW *win" "int y" "int x"
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.De
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Puts the current \*y of
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.Vn win
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in the variables
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.Vn y
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and
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.Vn x .
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Since it is a macro,
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not a function,
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you do not pass the address
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of
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.Vn y
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and
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.Vn x .
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.Ds
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.Fn idlok "WINDOW *win" "int boolf"
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.De
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Reserved for future use.
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This will eventually signal to
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.Fn refresh
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that it is all right to use the insert and delete line sequences
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when updating the window.
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.ne 1i
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.Ds
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.Fn inch "" \(dg
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.De
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Returns the character at the current position on the given window.
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This does not make any changes to the window.
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.Ds
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.Fn initscr ""
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.De
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Initialize the screen routines.
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This must be called before any of the screen routines are used.
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It initializes the terminal-type data and such,
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and without it none of the routines can operate.
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If standard input is not a tty,
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it sets the specifications to the terminal
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whose name is pointed to by
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.Vn Def\*_term
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(initially "dumb").
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If the boolean
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.Vn My\*_term
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is non-zero,
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.Vn Def\*_term
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is always used.
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If the system supports the
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.b TIOCGWINSZ
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.i ioctl(2)
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call,
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it is used to get the number of lines and columns for the terminal,
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otherwise it is taken from the
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.b termcap
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description.
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.Ds
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.Fn insch "char c"
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.De
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Insert
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.Vn c
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at the current \*y
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Each character after it shifts to the right,
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and the last character disappears.
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\*(Es
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.Ds
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.Fn insertln ""
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.De
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Insert a line above the current one.
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Every line below the current line
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will be shifted down,
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and the bottom line will disappear.
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The current line will become blank,
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and the current \*y will remain unchanged.
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.Ds
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.Fn killchar "" \(dg
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.De
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Returns the line kill character
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for the terminal,
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.i i.e. ,
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the character used by the user to erase an entire line from the input.
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.Ds
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.Fn leaveok "WINDOW *win" "int boolf" \(dg
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.De
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Sets the boolean flag for leaving the cursor after the last change.
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If
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.Vn boolf
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is non-zero,
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the cursor will be left after the last update on the terminal,
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and the current \*y for
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.Vn win
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will be changed accordingly.
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If
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.Vn boolf
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is 0 the cursor will be moved to the current \*y.
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This flag
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(initially 0)
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retains its value until changed by the user.
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.Ds
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.Fn move "int y" "int x"
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.De
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Change the current \*y of the window to
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.Vn y\*,x ). (
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\*(Es
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.Ds
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.Fn mvcur "int lasty" "int lastx" "int newy" "int newx"
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.De
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Moves the terminal's cursor from
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.Vn lasty\*,lastx ) (
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to
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.Vn newy\*,newx ) (
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in an approximation of optimal fashion.
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This routine uses the functions borrowed from
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.i ex
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version 2.6.
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It is possible to use this optimization
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without the benefit of the screen routines.
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With the screen routines, this should not be called by the user.
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.Fn move
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and
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.Fn refresh
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should be used to move the cursor position,
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so that the routines know what's going on.
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.Ds
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.Fn mvprintw "int y" "int x" "const char *fmt" "..."
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.De
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Equivalent to:
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.(l
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move(y, x);
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printw(fmt, ...);
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.)l
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.Ds
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.Fn mvscanw "int y" "int x" "const char *fmt" "..."
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.De
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Equivalent to:
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.(l
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move(y, x);
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scanw(fmt, ...);
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.)l
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.Ds
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.Fn mvwin "WINDOW *win" "int y" "int x"
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.De
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Move the home position of the window
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.Vn win
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from its current starting coordinates
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to
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.Vn y\*,x ). (
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If that would put part or all of the window
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off the edge of the terminal screen,
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.Fn mvwin
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returns ERR and does not change anything.
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For subwindows,
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.Fn mvwin
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also returns ERR if you attempt to move it off its main window.
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If you move a main window,
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all subwindows are moved along with it.
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.Ds
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.Fn mvwprintw "WINDOW *win" "int y" "int x" "const char *fmt" "..."
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.De
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Equivalent to:
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.(l
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wmove(win, y, x);
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printw(fmt, ...);
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.)l
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.Ds
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.Fn mvwscanw "WINDOW *win" "int y" "int x" "const char *fmt" "..."
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.De
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Equivalent to:
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.(l
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wmove(win, y, x);
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scanw(fmt, ...);
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.)l
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.Ds
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.Ft "WINDOW *"
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.Fn newwin "int lines" "int cols" "int begin_y" "int begin_x"
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.De
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Create a new window with
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.Vn lines
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lines and
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.Vn cols
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columns starting at position
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.Vn begin\*_y\*,begin\*_x ). (
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If either
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.Vn lines
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or
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.Vn cols
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is 0 (zero),
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that dimension will be set to
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.Vn "LINES \- begin\*_y" ) (
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or
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.Vn "COLS \- begin\*_x" ) (
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respectively.
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Thus, to get a new window of dimensions
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.Vn LINES
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\(mu
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.Vn COLS ,
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use
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.Fn newwin 0 0 0 0 .
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.Ds
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.Fn nl "" \(dg
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.De
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Set the terminal to nl mode,
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.i i.e. ,
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start/stop the system from mapping
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.b <RETURN>
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to
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.b <LINE-FEED> .
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If the mapping is not done,
|
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.Fn refresh
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can do more optimization,
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so it is recommended, but not required, to turn it off.
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.Ds
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.Fn nocbreak "" \(dg
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.De
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Unset the terminal from cbreak mode.
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.Ds
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.Fn nocrmode "" \(dg
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.De
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Identical to
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.Fn nocbreak .
|
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The misnamed macro
|
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.Fn nocrmode
|
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is retained for backwards compatibility
|
|
with ealier versions of the library.
|
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.Ds
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.Fn noecho "" \(dg
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.De
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Turn echoing of characters off.
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.Ds
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.Fn nonl "" \(dg
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.De
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Unset the terminal to from nl mode. See
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.Fn nl .
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.ne 1i
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.Ds
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.Fn noraw "" \(dg
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.De
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Unset the terminal from raw mode. See
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.Fn raw .
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.Ds
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.Fn overlay "WINDOW *win1" "WINDOW *win2"
|
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.De
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Overlay
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.Vn win1
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on
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.Vn win2 .
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The contents of
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.Vn win1 ,
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insofar as they fit,
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are placed on
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.Vn win2
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at their starting \*y.
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This is done non-destructively,
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i.e., blanks on
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.Vn win1
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leave the contents of the space on
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.Vn win2
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untouched. Note that all non-blank characters are overwritten
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destructively in the overlay.
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.Ds
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.Fn overwrite "WINDOW *win1" "WINDOW *win2"
|
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.De
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Overwrite
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.Vn win1
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on
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.Vn win2 .
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The contents of
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.Vn win1 ,
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insofar as they fit,
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are placed on
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.Vn win2
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at their starting \*y.
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This is done destructively,
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.i i.e. ,
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blanks on
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.Vn win1
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become blank on
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.Vn win2 .
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.Ds
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.Fn printw "char *fmt" "..."
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.De
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Performs a
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.Fn printf
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on the window starting at the current \*y.
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It uses
|
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.Fn addstr
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to add the string on the window.
|
|
It is often advisable to use the field width options of
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.Fn printf
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|
to avoid leaving things on the window from earlier calls.
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\*(Es
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.Ds
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.Fn raw "" \(dg
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.De
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|
Set the terminal to raw mode.
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|
On version 7
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.Un \**
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.(f
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|
\**
|
|
.Un
|
|
is a trademark of Unix System Laboratories.
|
|
.)f
|
|
this also turns off newline mapping
|
|
(see
|
|
.Fn nl ).
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn refresh "" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
Synchronize the terminal screen with the desired window.
|
|
If the window is not a screen,
|
|
only that part covered by it is updated.
|
|
\*(Es
|
|
In this case, it will update whatever it can
|
|
without causing the scroll.
|
|
.sp
|
|
As a special case,
|
|
if
|
|
.Fn wrefresh
|
|
is called with the window
|
|
.Vn curscr
|
|
the screen is cleared
|
|
and repainted as it is currently.
|
|
This is very useful for allowing the redrawing of the screen
|
|
when the user has garbage dumped on his terminal.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn resetty "" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
.Fn resetty
|
|
restores them to what
|
|
.Fn savetty
|
|
stored.
|
|
These functions are performed automatically by
|
|
.Fn initscr
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn endwin .
|
|
This function should not be used by the user.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn savetty "" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
.Fn savetty
|
|
saves the current tty characteristic flags. See
|
|
.Fn resetty .
|
|
This function should not be used by the user.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn scanw "char *fmt" "..."
|
|
.De
|
|
Perform a
|
|
.Fn scanf
|
|
through the window using
|
|
.Vn fmt .
|
|
It does this using consecutive calls to
|
|
.Fn getch
|
|
(or
|
|
.Fn wgetch ).
|
|
\*(Es
|
|
.ne 1i
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn scroll "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.De
|
|
Scroll the window upward one line.
|
|
This is normally not used by the user.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn scrollok "WINDOW *win" "int boolf" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
Set the scroll flag for the given window.
|
|
If
|
|
.Vn boolf
|
|
is 0, scrolling is not allowed.
|
|
This is its default setting.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn standend "" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
End standout mode initiated by
|
|
.Fn standout .
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn standout "" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
Causes any characters added to the window
|
|
to be put in standout mode on the terminal
|
|
(if it has that capability).
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Ft "WINDOW *"
|
|
.Fn subwin "WINDOW *win" "int lines" "int cols" "int begin_y" "int begin_x"
|
|
.De
|
|
Create a new window with
|
|
.Vn lines
|
|
lines and
|
|
.Vn cols
|
|
columns starting at position
|
|
.Vn begin\*_y\*,begin\*_x ) (
|
|
inside the window
|
|
.i win .
|
|
This means that any change made to either window
|
|
in the area covered
|
|
by the subwindow will be made on both windows.
|
|
.Vn begin\*_y\*,begin\*_x
|
|
are specified relative to the overall screen,
|
|
not the relative (0\*,0) of
|
|
.Vn win .
|
|
If either
|
|
.Vn lines
|
|
or
|
|
.Vn cols
|
|
is 0 (zero),
|
|
that dimension will be set to
|
|
.Vn "LINES \- begin\*_y" ) (
|
|
or
|
|
.Vn "COLS \- begin\*_x" ) (
|
|
respectively.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn touchline "WINDOW *win" "int y" "int startx" "int endx"
|
|
.De
|
|
This function performs a function similar to
|
|
.Fn touchwin
|
|
on a single line.
|
|
It marks the first change for the given line
|
|
to be
|
|
.Vn startx ,
|
|
if it is before the current first change mark,
|
|
and
|
|
the last change mark is set to be
|
|
.Vn endx
|
|
if it is currently less than
|
|
.Vn endx .
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn touchoverlap "WINDOW *win1" "WINDOW *win2"
|
|
.De
|
|
Touch the window
|
|
.Vn win2
|
|
in the area which overlaps with
|
|
.Vn win1 .
|
|
If they do not overlap,
|
|
no changes are made.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn touchwin "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.De
|
|
Make it appear that the every location on the window
|
|
has been changed.
|
|
This is usually only needed for refreshes with overlapping windows.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn tstp
|
|
.De
|
|
This function
|
|
will save the current tty state
|
|
and then put the process to sleep.
|
|
When the process gets restarted,
|
|
it restores the saved tty state
|
|
and then calls
|
|
.Fn wrefresh "curscr"
|
|
to redraw the screen.
|
|
.Fn Initscr
|
|
sets the signal
|
|
SIGTSTP
|
|
to trap to this routine.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn unctrl "char *ch" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
Returns a string which is an ASCII representation of
|
|
.Vn ch .
|
|
Characters are 8 bits long.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn unctrllen "char *ch" \(dg
|
|
.De
|
|
Returns the length of the ASCII representation of
|
|
.Vn ch .
|
|
.ne 1i
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn vwprintw "WINDOW *win" "const char *fmt" "va_list ap"
|
|
.De
|
|
Identical to
|
|
.Fn printw
|
|
except that it takes both a window specification and a pointer to a variable
|
|
length argument list.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn vwscanw "WINDOW *win" "const char *fmt" "va_list ap"
|
|
.De
|
|
Identical to
|
|
.Fn scanw
|
|
except that it takes both a window specification and a pointer to a variable
|
|
length argument list.
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn waddbytes "WINDOW *win" "char *str" "int len"
|
|
.De
|
|
This function is the low level character output function.
|
|
.Vn Len
|
|
characters of the string
|
|
.Vn str
|
|
are output to the current \*y position of the window specified by
|
|
.Vn win.
|
|
.sp 2
|
|
.pp
|
|
\fIThe following functions differ from the standard functions only in their
|
|
specification of a window, rather than the use of the default
|
|
.Vn stdscr.\fP
|
|
.Ds
|
|
.Fn waddch "WINDOW *win" "char ch"
|
|
.Fn waddstr "WINDOW *win" "char *str"
|
|
.Fn wclear "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wclrtobot "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wclrtoeol "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wdelch "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wdeleteln "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn werase "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wgetch "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wgetstr "WINDOW *win" "char *str"
|
|
.Fn winch "WINDOW *win" \(dg
|
|
.Fn winsch "WINDOW *win" "char c"
|
|
.Fn winsertln "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wmove "WINDOW *win" "int y" int x"
|
|
.Fn wprintw "WINDOW *win" "char *fmt" "..."
|
|
.Fn wrefresh "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wscanw "WINDOW *win" "char *fmt" "..."
|
|
.Fn wstandend "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Fn wstandout "WINDOW *win"
|
|
.Dg
|