ce900f0398
called 'elm'. It doesn't take an arg 'elm', it simply removes the element at the head of the list.
1070 lines
27 KiB
Groff
1070 lines
27 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)queue.3 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/24/94
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd January 24, 1994
|
|
.Dt QUEUE 3
|
|
.Os BSD 4
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm SLIST_EMPTY ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_FIRST ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_FOREACH ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INIT ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INSERT_AFTER ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INSERT_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_NEXT ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm SLIST_REMOVE ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_EMPTY ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_FIRST ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_FOREACH ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INIT ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_LAST ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_NEXT ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_REMOVE ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_EMPTY ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_FIRST ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_FOREACH ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_INIT ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_AFTER ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_BEFORE ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_NEXT ,
|
|
.Nm LIST_REMOVE ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_EMPTY ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FIRST ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FOREACH ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INIT ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_LAST ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_NEXT ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_PREV ,
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_REMOVE ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_EMPTY ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_FIRST ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_FOREACH ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INIT ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLE_LAST ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLE_NEXT ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLE_PREV ,
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_REMOVE
|
|
.Nd implementations of singly-linked lists, singly-linked tail queues,
|
|
lists, tail queues, and circular queues
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Fd #include <sys/queue.h>
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_EMPTY "SLIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_ENTRY "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_FIRST "SLIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_FOREACH "TYPE *var" "SLIST_HEAD *head" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER "SLIST_HEAD head"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_INIT "SLIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_INSERT_AFTER "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_INSERT_HEAD "SLIST_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_NEXT "TYPE *elm" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD "SLIST_HEAD *head" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn SLIST_REMOVE "SLIST_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TYPE" "SLIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_EMPTY "STAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_ENTRY "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_FIRST "STAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_FOREACH "TYPE *var" "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER "STAILQ_HEAD head"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_INIT "STAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_LAST "STAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_NEXT "TYPE *elm" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn STAILQ_REMOVE "STAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TYPE" "STAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Fn LIST_EMPTY "LIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn LIST_ENTRY "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn LIST_FIRST "LIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn LIST_FOREACH "TYPE *var" "LIST_HEAD *head" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn LIST_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER "LIST_HEAD head"
|
|
.Fn LIST_INIT "LIST_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn LIST_INSERT_AFTER "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn LIST_INSERT_BEFORE "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn LIST_INSERT_HEAD "LIST_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn LIST_NEXT "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn LIST_REMOVE "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_EMPTY "TAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_ENTRY "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_FIRST "TAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_FOREACH "TYPE *var" "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE "TYPE *var" "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "HEADNAME" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER "TAILQ_HEAD head"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_INIT "TAILQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_LAST "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "HEADNAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_NEXT "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_PREV "TYPE *elm" "HEADNAME" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn TAILQ_REMOVE "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_EMPTY "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_ENTRY "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_FIRST "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_FOREACH "TYPE *var" "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE "TYPE *var" "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER "CIRCLEQ_HEAD head"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_INIT "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_LAST "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_NEXT "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLE_PREV "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Fn CIRCLEQ_REMOVE "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
These macros define and operate on five types of data structures:
|
|
singly-linked lists, singly-linked tail queues, lists, tail queues,
|
|
and circular queues.
|
|
All five structures support the following functionality:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Insertion of a new entry at the head of the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
Insertion of a new entry after any element in the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
O(1) removal of an entry from the head of the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
O(n) removal of any entry in the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
Forward traversal through the list.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Singly-linked lists are the simplest of the five data structures
|
|
and support only the above functionality.
|
|
Singly-linked lists are ideal for applications with large datasets
|
|
and few or no removals,
|
|
or for implementing a LIFO queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Singly-linked tail queues add the following functionality:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Entries can be added at the end of a list.
|
|
.El
|
|
However:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
All list insertions must specify the head of the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
|
|
.It
|
|
Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20% slower
|
|
than singly-linked lists.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Singly-linked tailqs are ideal for applications with large datasets and
|
|
few or no removals,
|
|
or for implementing a FIFO queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All doubly linked types of data structures (lists, tail queues, and circle
|
|
queues) additionally allow:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Insertion of a new entry before any element in the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
O(1) removal of any entry in the list.
|
|
.El
|
|
However:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Each elements requires two pointers rather than one.
|
|
.It
|
|
Code size and execution time of operations (except for removal) is about
|
|
twice that of the singly-linked data-structures.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Linked lists are the simplest of the doubly linked data structures and support
|
|
only the above functionality over singly-linked lists.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Tail queues add the following functionality:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Entries can be added at the end of a list.
|
|
.It
|
|
They may be traversed backwards, from tail to head.
|
|
.El
|
|
However:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
|
|
.It
|
|
Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20% slower
|
|
than singly-linked lists.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Circular queues add the following functionality:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
Entries can be added at the end of a list.
|
|
.It
|
|
They may be traversed backwards, from tail to head.
|
|
.El
|
|
However:
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the list.
|
|
.It
|
|
Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
|
|
.It
|
|
The termination condition for traversal is more complex.
|
|
.It
|
|
Code size is about 40% greater and operations run about 45% slower
|
|
than lists.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In the macro definitions,
|
|
.Fa TYPE
|
|
is the name of a user defined structure,
|
|
that must contain a field of type
|
|
.Li SLIST_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Li STAILQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Li LIST_ENTRY ,
|
|
.Li TAILQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Li CIRCLEQ_ENTRY ,
|
|
named
|
|
.Fa NAME .
|
|
The argument
|
|
.Fa HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of a user defined structure that must be declared
|
|
using the macros
|
|
.Li SLIST_HEAD ,
|
|
.Li STAILQ_HEAD ,
|
|
.Li LIST_HEAD ,
|
|
.Li TAILQ_HEAD ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Li CIRCLEQ_HEAD .
|
|
See the examples below for further explanation of how these
|
|
macros are used.
|
|
.Sh SINGLY-LINKED LISTS
|
|
A singly-linked list is headed by a structure defined by the
|
|
.Nm SLIST_HEAD
|
|
macro.
|
|
This structure contains a single pointer to the first element
|
|
on the list.
|
|
The elements are singly linked for minimum space and pointer manipulation
|
|
overhead at the expense of O(n) removal for arbitrary elements.
|
|
New elements can be added to the list after an existing element or
|
|
at the head of the list.
|
|
An
|
|
.Fa SLIST_HEAD
|
|
structure is declared as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
SLIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Fa HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of the structure to be defined, and
|
|
.Fa TYPE
|
|
is the type of the elements to be linked into the list.
|
|
A pointer to the head of the list can later be declared as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct HEADNAME *headp;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(The names
|
|
.Li head
|
|
and
|
|
.Li headp
|
|
are user selectable.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER
|
|
evaluates to an initializer for the list
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_EMPTY
|
|
evaluates to true if there are no elements in the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_ENTRY
|
|
declares a structure that connects the elements in
|
|
the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_FIRST
|
|
returns the first element in the list or NULL if the list is empty.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_FOREACH
|
|
traverses the list referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the forward direction, assigning each element in
|
|
turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INIT
|
|
initializes the list referenced by
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INSERT_HEAD
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the head of the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_INSERT_AFTER
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
after the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_NEXT
|
|
returns the next element in the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the head of the list.
|
|
For optimum efficiency,
|
|
elements being removed from the head of the list should explicitly use
|
|
this macro instead of the generic
|
|
.Fa SLIST_REMOVE
|
|
macro.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm SLIST_REMOVE
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the list.
|
|
.Sh SINGLY-LINKED LIST EXAMPLE
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
SLIST_HEAD(slisthead, entry) head =
|
|
SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
|
|
struct slisthead *headp; /* Singly-linked List head. */
|
|
struct entry {
|
|
...
|
|
SLIST_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Singly-linked List. */
|
|
...
|
|
} *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
|
|
|
|
SLIST_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the list. */
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
|
|
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
|
|
SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
|
|
|
|
SLIST_REMOVE(&head, n2, entry, entries);/* Deletion. */
|
|
free(n2);
|
|
|
|
n3 = SLIST_FIRST(&head);
|
|
SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries); /* Deletion from the head. */
|
|
free(n3);
|
|
/* Forward traversal. */
|
|
SLIST_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
|
|
while (!SLIST_EMPTY(&head)) { /* List Deletion. */
|
|
n1 = SLIST_FIRST(&head);
|
|
SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SINGLY-LINKED TAIL QUEUES
|
|
A singly-linked tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_HEAD
|
|
macro.
|
|
This structure contains a pair of pointers,
|
|
one to the first element in the tail queue and the other to
|
|
the last element in the tail queue.
|
|
The elements are singly linked for minimum space and pointer
|
|
manipulation overhead at the expense of O(n) removal for arbitrary
|
|
elements.
|
|
New elements can be added to the tail queue after an existing element,
|
|
at the head of the tail queue, or at the end of the tail queue.
|
|
A
|
|
.Fa STAILQ_HEAD
|
|
structure is declared as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
STAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Li HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of the structure to be defined, and
|
|
.Li TYPE
|
|
is the type of the elements to be linked into the tail queue.
|
|
A pointer to the head of the tail queue can later be declared as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct HEADNAME *headp;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(The names
|
|
.Li head
|
|
and
|
|
.Li headp
|
|
are user selectable.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER
|
|
evaluates to an initializer for the tail queue
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_EMPTY
|
|
evaluates to true if there are no items on the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_ENTRY
|
|
declares a structure that connects the elements in
|
|
the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_FIRST
|
|
returns the first item on the tail queue or NULL if the tail queue
|
|
is empty.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_FOREACH
|
|
traverses the tail queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the forward direction, assigning each element
|
|
in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INIT
|
|
initializes the tail queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the head of the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the end of the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
after the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_LAST
|
|
returns the last item on the tail queue.
|
|
If the tail queue is empty the return value is undefined.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_NEXT
|
|
returns the next item on the tail queue, or NULL this item is the last.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD
|
|
removes the element at the head of the tail queue.
|
|
For optimum efficiency,
|
|
elements being removed from the head of the tail queue should
|
|
use this macro explicitly rather than the generic
|
|
.Fa STAILQ_REMOVE
|
|
macro.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm STAILQ_REMOVE
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the tail queue.
|
|
.Sh SINGLY-LINKED TAIL QUEUE EXAMPLE
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
STAILQ_HEAD(stailhead, entry) head =
|
|
STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
|
|
struct stailhead *headp; /* Singly-linked tail queue head. */
|
|
struct entry {
|
|
...
|
|
STAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Tail queue. */
|
|
...
|
|
} *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
|
|
|
|
STAILQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the queue. */
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
|
|
STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */
|
|
STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
|
|
STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
|
|
/* Deletion. */
|
|
STAILQ_REMOVE(&head, n2, entry, entries);
|
|
free(n2);
|
|
/* Deletion from the head. */
|
|
n3 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
|
|
free(n3);
|
|
/* Forward traversal. */
|
|
STAILQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
/* TailQ Deletion. */
|
|
while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&head)) {
|
|
n1 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
}
|
|
/* Faster TailQ Deletion. */
|
|
n1 = STAILQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
while (n1 != NULL) {
|
|
n2 = STAILQ_NEXT(n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
n1 = n2;
|
|
}
|
|
STAILQ_INIT(&head);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh LISTS
|
|
A list is headed by a structure defined by the
|
|
.Nm LIST_HEAD
|
|
macro.
|
|
This structure contains a single pointer to the first element
|
|
on the list.
|
|
The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
|
|
removed without traversing the list.
|
|
New elements can be added to the list after an existing element,
|
|
before an existing element, or at the head of the list.
|
|
A
|
|
.Fa LIST_HEAD
|
|
structure is declared as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Fa HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of the structure to be defined, and
|
|
.Fa TYPE
|
|
is the type of the elements to be linked into the list.
|
|
A pointer to the head of the list can later be declared as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct HEADNAME *headp;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(The names
|
|
.Li head
|
|
and
|
|
.Li headp
|
|
are user selectable.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER
|
|
evaluates to an initializer for the list
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_EMPTY
|
|
evaluates to true if their are no elements in the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_ENTRY
|
|
declares a structure that connects the elements in
|
|
the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_FIRST
|
|
returns the first element in the list or NULL if the list
|
|
is empty.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_FOREACH
|
|
traverses the list referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the forward direction, assigning each element in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_INIT
|
|
initializes the list referenced by
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_HEAD
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the head of the list.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_AFTER
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
after the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_INSERT_BEFORE
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
before the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_NEXT
|
|
returns the next element in the list, or NULL if this is the last.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm LIST_REMOVE
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the list.
|
|
.Sh LIST EXAMPLE
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
LIST_HEAD(listhead, entry) head =
|
|
LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
|
|
struct listhead *headp; /* List head. */
|
|
struct entry {
|
|
...
|
|
LIST_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* List. */
|
|
...
|
|
} *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
|
|
|
|
LIST_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the list. */
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
|
|
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
|
|
LIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
|
|
|
|
n3 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert before. */
|
|
LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(n2, n3, entries);
|
|
|
|
LIST_REMOVE(n2, entries); /* Deletion. */
|
|
free(n2);
|
|
/* Forward traversal. */
|
|
LIST_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
|
|
while (!LIST_EMPTY(&head)) { /* List Deletion. */
|
|
n1 = LIST_FIRST(&head);
|
|
LIST_REMOVE(n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
n1 = LIST_FIRST(&head); /* Faster List Deletion. */
|
|
while (n1 != NULL) {
|
|
n2 = LIST_NEXT(n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
n1 = n2;
|
|
}
|
|
LIST_INIT(&head);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh TAIL QUEUES
|
|
A tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_HEAD
|
|
macro.
|
|
This structure contains a pair of pointers,
|
|
one to the first element in the tail queue and the other to
|
|
the last element in the tail queue.
|
|
The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
|
|
removed without traversing the tail queue.
|
|
New elements can be added to the tail queue after an existing element,
|
|
before an existing element, at the head of the tail queue,
|
|
or at the end of the tail queue.
|
|
A
|
|
.Fa TAILQ_HEAD
|
|
structure is declared as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
TAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Li HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of the structure to be defined, and
|
|
.Li TYPE
|
|
is the type of the elements to be linked into the tail queue.
|
|
A pointer to the head of the tail queue can later be declared as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct HEADNAME *headp;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(The names
|
|
.Li head
|
|
and
|
|
.Li headp
|
|
are user selectable.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER
|
|
evaluates to an initializer for the tail queue
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_EMPTY
|
|
evaluates to true if there are no items on the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_ENTRY
|
|
declares a structure that connects the elements in
|
|
the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FIRST
|
|
returns the first item on the tail queue or NULL if the tail queue
|
|
is empty.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FOREACH
|
|
traverses the tail queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the forward direction, assigning each element in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE
|
|
traverses the tail queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the reverse direction, assigning each element in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INIT
|
|
initializes the tail queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the head of the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the end of the tail queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
after the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
before the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_LAST
|
|
returns the last item on the tail queue.
|
|
If the tail queue is empty the return value is undefined.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_NEXT
|
|
returns the next item on the tail queue, or NULL if this item is the last.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_PREV
|
|
returns the previous item on the tail queue, or NULL if this item
|
|
is the first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm TAILQ_REMOVE
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the tail queue.
|
|
.Sh TAIL QUEUE EXAMPLE
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
TAILQ_HEAD(tailhead, entry) head =
|
|
TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
|
|
struct tailhead *headp; /* Tail queue head. */
|
|
struct entry {
|
|
...
|
|
TAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Tail queue. */
|
|
...
|
|
} *n1, *n2, *n3, *np;
|
|
|
|
TAILQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the queue. */
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
|
|
TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */
|
|
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
|
|
TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
|
|
|
|
n3 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert before. */
|
|
TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(n2, n3, entries);
|
|
|
|
TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, n2, entries); /* Deletion. */
|
|
free(n2);
|
|
/* Forward traversal. */
|
|
TAILQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
/* Reverse traversal. */
|
|
TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(np, &head, tailhead, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
/* TailQ Deletion. */
|
|
while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&head)) {
|
|
n1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
}
|
|
/* Faster TailQ Deletion. */
|
|
n1 = TAILQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
while (n1 != NULL) {
|
|
n2 = TAILQ_NEXT(n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
n1 = n2;
|
|
}
|
|
TAILQ_INIT(&head);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh CIRCULAR QUEUES
|
|
A circular queue is headed by a structure defined by the
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD
|
|
macro.
|
|
This structure contains a pair of pointers,
|
|
one to the first element in the circular queue and the other to the
|
|
last element in the circular queue.
|
|
The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
|
|
removed without traversing the queue.
|
|
New elements can be added to the queue after an existing element,
|
|
before an existing element, at the head of the queue, or at the end
|
|
of the queue.
|
|
A
|
|
.Fa CIRCLEQ_HEAD
|
|
structure is declared as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
CIRCLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Li HEADNAME
|
|
is the name of the structure to be defined, and
|
|
.Li TYPE
|
|
is the type of the elements to be linked into the circular queue.
|
|
A pointer to the head of the circular queue can later be declared as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct HEADNAME *headp;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
(The names
|
|
.Li head
|
|
and
|
|
.Li headp
|
|
are user selectable.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER
|
|
evaluates to an initializer for the circle queue
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_EMPTY
|
|
evaluates to true if there are no items on the circle queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
|
|
declares a structure that connects the elements in
|
|
the circular queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_FIRST
|
|
returns the first item on the circle queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CICRLEQ_FOREACH
|
|
traverses the circle queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the forward direction, assigning each element in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CICRLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE
|
|
traverses the circle queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head
|
|
in the reverse direction, assigning each element in turn to
|
|
.Fa var .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INIT
|
|
initializes the circular queue referenced by
|
|
.Fa head .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the head of the circular queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
at the end of the circular queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
after the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE
|
|
inserts the new element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
before the element
|
|
.Fa listelm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_LAST
|
|
returns the last item on the circle queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_NEXT
|
|
returns the next item on the circle queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_PREV
|
|
returns the previous item on the circle queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro
|
|
.Nm CIRCLEQ_REMOVE
|
|
removes the element
|
|
.Fa elm
|
|
from the circular queue.
|
|
.Sh CIRCULAR QUEUE EXAMPLE
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
CIRCLEQ_HEAD(circlehead, entry) head =
|
|
CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(head);
|
|
struct circlehead *headp; /* Circular queue head. */
|
|
struct entry {
|
|
...
|
|
CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Circular queue. */
|
|
...
|
|
} *n1, *n2, *np;
|
|
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the circular queue. */
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
|
|
|
|
n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert before. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(&head, n1, n2, entries);
|
|
|
|
CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&head, n1, entries); /* Deletion. */
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
/* Forward traversal. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
/* Reverse traversal. */
|
|
CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(np, &head, entries)
|
|
np-> ...
|
|
/* CircleQ Deletion. */
|
|
while (CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&head) != (void *)&head) {
|
|
n1 = CIRCLEQ_HEAD(&head);
|
|
CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&head, n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
}
|
|
/* Faster CircleQ Deletion. */
|
|
n1 = CIRCLEQ_FIRST(&head);
|
|
while (n1 != (void *)&head) {
|
|
n2 = CIRCLEQ_NEXT(n1, entries);
|
|
free(n1);
|
|
n1 = n2;
|
|
}
|
|
CIRCLEQ_INIT(&head);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm queue
|
|
functions first appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.4 .
|