288 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
288 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)whois.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 25, 2016
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.Dt WHOIS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm whois
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.Nd "Internet domain name and network number directory service"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aAbfgiIklmPQrRS
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.Op Fl c Ar TLD | Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl p Ar port
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.Op Fl -
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.Ar name ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several
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Network Information Centers
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.Pq Tn NICs .
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm
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starts by querying the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) whois server,
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and follows referrals to whois servers
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that have more specific details about the query
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.Ar name .
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The IANA whois server knows about
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IP address and AS numbers
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as well as domain names.
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.Pp
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There are a few special cases where referrals do not work, so
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.Nm
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goes directly to the appropriate server.
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These include point-of-contact handles for ARIN,
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.Pa nic.at ,
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NORID, and RIPE,
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and domain names under
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.Pa ac.uk .
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers
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.Pq Tn ARIN
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world covered neither by
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.Tn APNIC , AfriNIC , LACNIC ,
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nor by
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.Tn RIPE .
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The query syntax is documented at
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.Pa https://www.arin.net/resources/whoisrws/whois_api.html#nicname
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.It Fl A
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Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center
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.Pq Tn APNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia,
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New Zealand, and the Pacific islands.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -A help
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.It Fl b
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Use the Network Abuse Clearinghouse database.
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It contains addresses to which network abuse should be reported,
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indexed by domain name.
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.It Fl c Ar TLD
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This is the equivalent of using the
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.Fl h
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option with an argument of
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.Qq Ar TLD Ns Li .whois-servers.net .
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This can be helpful for locating country-class TLD whois servers.
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.It Fl f
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Use the African Network Information Centre
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.Pq Tn AfriNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in Africa and the islands of the
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western Indian Ocean.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -f help
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.It Fl g
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Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of
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contact for subdomains of
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.Pa .GOV .
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.It Fl h Ar host
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Use the specified host instead of the default.
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Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.
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.It Fl i
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Use the traditional Network Information Center (InterNIC)
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.Pq Pa whois.internic.net
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database.
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This now contains only registrations for domain names under
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.Pa .COM ,
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.Pa .NET ,
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.Pa .EDU .
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You can specify the type of object to search for like
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.Ic whois -i ' Ns Ar type Ar name Ns Ic '
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where
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.Ar type
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can be
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.Nm domain , nameserver , registrar .
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The
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.Ar name
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can contain
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.Li *
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wildcards.
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.It Fl I
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Use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
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.Pq Tn IANA
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database.
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.It Fl k
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Use the National Internet Development Agency of Korea's
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.Pq Tn KRNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Korea.
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.It Fl l
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Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry
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.Pq Tn LACNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in much of Latin America and the
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Caribbean.
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.It Fl m
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Use the Route Arbiter Database
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.Pq Tn RADB
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database.
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It contains route policy specifications for a large
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number of operators' networks.
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.It Fl p Ar port
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Connect to the whois server on
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.Ar port .
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If this option is not specified,
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.Nm
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defaults to port 43.
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.It Fl P
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Use the PeeringDB database of AS numbers.
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It contains details about presence at internet peering points
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for many network operators.
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.It Fl Q
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Do a quick lookup;
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.Nm
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will not attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if a server is explicitly specified
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using one of the other options or in an environment variable.
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See also the
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.Fl R
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option.
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.It Fl r
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Use the R\(aaeseaux IP Europ\(aaeens
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.Pq Tn RIPE
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Europe.
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Get query syntax documentation using
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.Ic whois -r help
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.It Fl R
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Do a recursive lookup;
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.Nm
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will attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if no server is explicitly specified.
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See also the
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.Fl Q
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option.
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.It Fl S
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By default
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.Nm
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adjusts simple queries (without spaces) to produce more useful output
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from certain whois servers,
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and it suppresses some uninformative output.
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With the
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.Fl S
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option,
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.Nm
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sends the query and prints the output verbatim.
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.El
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.Pp
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The operands specified to
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.Nm
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are treated independently and may be used
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as queries on different whois servers.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width WHOIS_SERVER
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.It Ev WHOIS_SERVER
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The primary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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uses the
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.Ev RA_SERVER
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environment variable.
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.It Ev RA_SERVER
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The secondary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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will use
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.Pa whois.iana.org .
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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To obtain contact information about an
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administrator located in the Russian
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.Tn TLD
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domain
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.Qq Li RU ,
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use the
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.Fl c
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option as shown in the following example, where
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.Ar CONTACT-ID
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is substituted with the actual contact identifier.
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic whois -c RU CONTACT-ID
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.Pp
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(Note: This example is specific to the
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.Tn TLD
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.Qq Li RU ,
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but other
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.Tn TLDs
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can be queried by using a similar syntax.)
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.Pp
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The following example demonstrates how to query
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a whois server using a non-standard port, where
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.Dq Li query-data
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is the query to be sent to
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.Dq Li whois.example.com
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on port
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.Dq Li rwhois
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(written numerically as 4321).
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic whois -h whois.example.com -p rwhois query-data
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.Pp
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Some whois servers support complex queries
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with dash-letter options.
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You can use the
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.Fl -
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option to separate
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.Nm
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command options from whois server query options.
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A query containing spaces must be quoted as one
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argument to the
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.Nm
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command.
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The following example asks the RIPE whois server
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to return a brief description of its
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.Dq Li domain
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object type:
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic whois -r -- '-t domain'
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Rs
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.%A Ken Harrenstien
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.%A Vic White
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.%T NICNAME/WHOIS
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.%D 1 March 1982
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.%O RFC 812
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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