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freebsd-dev/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.sgml
Bruce A. Mah d337b6b915 New release notes: boot loader -p for i386, maxusers autosizing, 
burncd(8) for VCDs/SVCDs, newfs(8) new 16K/2K block/frag defaults,
watch(8) -f.

Updated release note: sis(4) VAN and note its MFC done a long time
ago.
2001-12-13 21:18:56 +00:00

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<articleinfo>
<title>&os;/&arch; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
<corpauthor>The FreeBSD Project</corpauthor>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>2000</year>
<year>2001</year>
<holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>
</copyright>
<abstract>
<para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain a summary
of the changes made in the &os; base system since &release.prev;.
Both changes for kernel and userland are listed, as well as
applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
release. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
<sect1>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This document contains the release notes for &os; &release.current; on
the &arch.print; hardware platform. It describes new features of &os;
that have been added (or changed) since &release.prev;. It also
provides some notes on upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
<![ %release.type.snapshot [
<para>The &release.type; distribution to which these release notes
apply represents a point along the &release.branch; development
branch between &release.prev; and the future &release.next;. Some pre-built,
binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be found
at <ulink url="&release.url;"></ulink>.</para>
]]>
<![ %release.type.release [
<para>This distribution of &os; &release.current; is a &release.type;
distribution. It can be found at <ulink
url="&release.url;"></ulink> or any of its mirrors. More
information on obtaining this (or other) &release.type; distributions of
&os; can be found in the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
FreeBSD</quote> appendix</ulink> to the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/">FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>.</para>
]]>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>What's New</title>
<para>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in &os; since &release.prev;. Typical release note items
document new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options,
major bugfixes, or contributed software upgrades. Security
advisories issued after &release.prev; are also listed. In general, changes
described here are unique to the &release.branch; branch unless
specifically marked as &merged; features.</para>
<para>Many additional changes were made to &os; that are not listed
here for lack of space. For example, documentation was corrected
and improved, minor bugs were fixed, insecure coding practices were
audited and corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</para>
<sect2 id="kernel">
<title>Kernel Changes</title>
<para>The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to
the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to
replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved performance,
as well as the ability to report many different types of events.
Support for monitoring changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files
are present, as well as for signals and processes. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">Support for Intel's Wired for Management 2.0 (PXE)
was added to the &os; boot loader. Due to API differences, the
older PXE versions are not supported. This allow network booting
using DHCP. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &os; boot loader now contains a workaround
to support CDROM booting on certain IBM BIOSs that expect the
first sector of the emulated floppy to contain a valid MS-DOS BPB
that they can modify. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &os; boot loader now supports a
<option>-p</option> flag to force the kernel will pause after each
line of output during the probing phase.</para>
<para>Support for USB devices was added to the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation
programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM
does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still use
an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial console. &merged;</para>
<para>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The
implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the
MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel and modules have been moved to the directory
<filename>/boot/kernel</filename>, so they can be easily
manipulated together. The boot loader has been updated to make
this change as seamless as possible.</para>
<para arch="i386">The i386 boot loader now has support for a
<literal>nullconsole</literal>
console type, for use on systems with neither a video console nor
a serial port. &merged;</para>
<para>Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a
single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to
the cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported
for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, <literal>NAPIC</literal>,
<literal>NBUS</literal>, and <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel
configuration options, for configuring SMP kernels, have been
removed. <literal>NCPU</literal> is now set to a maximum of 16,
and the other, aforementioned options are now
dynamic. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the
<filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically and
supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and can be
disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel option.</para>
<para>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This
feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI and
IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour to
complete. &merged;</para>
<para>Extremely large swap areas (&gt;67 GB) no longer panic the
system.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA
(ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB scanner support
using SANE has been added. See <ulink
url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> for
supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are
known to be working.</para>
<para arch="i386">The umodem driver for USB modems has been added.
Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom Ricochet GS
wireless USB modems.</para>
<para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has been
added.</para>
<para>A number of cleanups and enhancements have been applied to
the PCI subsystem.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access to the jog
dial device on some Sony laptops, has been added.</para>
<para arch="i386">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been
added.</para>
<para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para>
<para>The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the
name of the configuration(s) to build from the
<varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not
<varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some
cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when
upgrading across major releases, across
<application>binutil</application> updates and when &man.config.8;
changes version.) &merged;
</para>
<para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the
<application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests entropy
from a variety of interrupt sources, including the console
devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network interfaces, and
mass-storage devices. Entropy from the &man.random.4; device is
now periodically saved to files in
<filename>/var/db/entropy</filename>, as well as at
shutdown time. The semantics of <filename>/dev/random</filename>
have changed; it never blocks waiting for entropy bits but
generates a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly
as <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para>
<para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled
pasting, by default bound to
<keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para>
<para>The &man.labpc.4; driver has been removed due to
<quote>bitrot</quote>.</para>
<para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>,
enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during
correctness and regression testing.</para>
<para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now
activated by default.</para>
<para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists
some of the per-CPU data.</para>
<para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and ISA
Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is (mainly) used to
re-initialize cards that have external port modules attached such as
the PC/Xem.</para>
<para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para>
<para>The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to
&man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open
files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and
writing. &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option
ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from
mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these ROMs. &merged;</para>
<para>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing
processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into
account the swap space used by processes when computing the
process sizes. &merged;</para>
<para>Linker sets are now self-contained; &man.gensetdefs.8; is
unnecessary and has been removed.</para>
<para>Numerous SMP-friendly changes have been made to the kernel's
mbuf allocator.</para>
<para>Network device cloning has been implemented, and the &man.gif.4;
device has been modified to take advantage of it.
Thus, instead of specifying how many &man.gif.4; interfaces
are available in kernel configuration files, &man.ifconfig.8;'s
<option>create</option> option should be used when another device
instance is desired. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the
(machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl
variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID
<groupname>kmem</groupname>.</para>
<para>Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and
<command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to
<command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they install
hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported
by the architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added.
&merged;</para>
<para>The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration
parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel
parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also
tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The
<varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the
<varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will
now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time
(between 32 and 512, depending on the amount of memory present).
This value is now the default for all
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para>
<para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables (such
as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s
<literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para>
<para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs for a
module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new
&man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para>
<para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the
<varname>vm.zeroidle_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para>
<para arch="i386">The load addresses of kernels has been exported to the
symbol table and various hard-coded constants removed so that
utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with kernels compiled at
different addresses. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option
can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual address
space. &merged;</para>
<para>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of
processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of
time. &merged;</para>
<para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own
securelevel.</para>
<para arch="alpha">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option,
along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> environment, can be
used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for
testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to
&man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials
rather than real credentials.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to
provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756
chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are
smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one thread
per process is allowed at this time).</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.loader.8; now has optional support
(enabled at compile-time, off by default) for loading
<application>bzip2</application>-compressed kernels and
modules. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level console
devices. The new &man.conscontrol.8; utility helps to manage the
different consoles.</para>
<para arch="alpha">The console driver has gained support for TGA-based
display adapters.</para>
<para arch="i386">A new cdboot bootstrap utility for CDROMs provides
better compatability with some BIOS implementations that do not
completely implement the El Torito bootable CDROM standard.</para>
<para arch="i386">The pmc driver, which supports the power
management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel configuration parameters
<varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are
all loader tunables. &merged;</para>
<para>The system load average computation now adds some jitter to
the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with
processes that run periodically. &merged;</para>
<para>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality
required by the
<port>emulators/linux_base-7</port> (RedHat 7.X emulation)
port. &merged;</para>
<para>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built
(i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the modules
will now be built with debugging support as well, for
completeness. A side effect of this change is that modules built
and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on
disk than they did previously. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control
security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It provides
a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved
from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the
<varname>kern.security.*</varname> hierarchy.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title>
<para>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating code
from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng (<quote>SMP
Next Generation</quote>) is to allow more processes to run in
kernel, without the need for spin locks that can dramatically
reduce the efficiency of multiple processors. Interrupt
handlers now have contexts associated with them that allow them
to be blocked, which reduces the need to lock out
interrupts.</para>
<para arch="i386">Support for the 80386 processor has been
removed from the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel, as this
code seriously pessimizes performance on other IA32
processors.</para>
<para arch="i386">The <literal>I386_CPU</literal> kernel option
to support the 80386 processor is now mutually exclusive with
support for other IA32 processors; this should slightly improve
performance on the 80386 due to the elimination of runtime
processor type checks.</para>
<para arch="i386">Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 can
still be built by changing the cpu options in the kernel
configuration file to only include
<literal>I386_CPU</literal>.</para>
<para arch="alpha">AlphaServer 1200 (<quote>Tincup</quote>) has
been tested and works OK. Currently it does not want to boot
from CD or floppy but a transplanted disk that was installed on
another Alpha works well. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">The API UP1100 mainboard has been verified to work.</para>
<para arch="alpha">The API CS20 1U high server has been verified to work.</para>
<para arch="alpha">The DEC3000 series support has been removed from the mfsroot
floppy image so that it fits on a 1.44 Mbyte floppy again. As the
DEC3000 is currently only usable diskless this should not cause
any problems.</para>
<para arch="alpha">Support for AlphaServer 2100A (<quote>Lynx</quote>) has been
added.</para>
<para arch="alpha">Kernel code has been added that allows older generation Alpha CPUs
(EV4 and EV5) to emulate instructions of the newer Alpha CPU
generations. This enables the use of binary-only programs like <application>Adobe
Acrobat 4</application> on EV4 and EV5.</para>
<para arch="alpha">SMP support for the Alpha is now operational.</para>
<para arch="i386">Detection for new processors, such as the
FC-PGA2 Pentium III (Tualatin), Transmeta Crusoe, and Transmeta
Crusoe LongRun, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">Support for the following hardware has been removed
from the installation kernel to make it fit on a 1.44MB floppy again:
Multia, NoName, PC64, EB64, Aspen Alpine, sa (SCSI tape), amr, parallel
port support, vx (3c590, 3c595), pcn (AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100),
sf (Adaptec AIC-6915), sis (SiS 900/SiS 7016), ste (Sundance ST201
(D-Link DFE-550TX)), wb (Winbond W89C840F).</para>
<para arch="i386">Support for Streaming <acronym>SIMD</acronym>
Extensions (<acronym>SSE</acronym>) has been introduced. The
<literal>CPU_ENABLE_SSE</literal> kernel option controls whether
support is compiled into the kernel. &merged;</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Network Interface Support</title>
<para>The &man.an.4; driver for Cisco Aironet cards now supports
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via
&man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.an.4; driver now supports the Cisco Aironet 350
series of adaptors. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.an.4; driver now supports <quote>monitor</quote>
mode, settable via the <option>-M</option> option to
&man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.bge.4; driver has been added to
support the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit Ethernet
controllers, including the 3Com 3c996-T, the SysKonnect SK-9D21
and SK-9D41, and the built-in Gigabit Ethernet NICs on Dell
PowerEdge 2550 servers. TCP/IP checksum offload, jumbo frames
and VLAN tag insertion/stripping are supported, as well as
interrupt moderation. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.de.4; driver now performs round-robin arbitration
between transmit and receive unit of the 21143, instead of
giving priority to the receive unit. This gives a 10&ndash;15%
performance improvement in the forwarding rate under heavy
load. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">The &man.ed.4; driver is now supported.</para>
<para arch="i386">Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported by the
&man.ed.4; driver now require the addition of flag
<literal>0x80000</literal> to their config line in
&man.pccard.conf.5;. This flag is not optional. These Linksys
cards will not be recognized without it. &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in the &man.ed.4; driver that could cause panics with
very short packets and BPF or bridging active has been
fixed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ed.4; driver now has support for D-Link
DL10022 chips, necessary for the NetGear FA-410TX and other
cards. As a result, <literal>device miibus</literal> is
required in kernel configurations using the &man.ed.4;
driver. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.el.4; driver can now be loaded as a
module.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.em.4; driver has been added to
support NICs based on the Intel 82542, 82543, and 82544 Gigabit
Ethernet controller chips. The driver supports transmit/receive
checksum offload and jumbo frames on 82543 and 82544-based
adapters.</para>
<para>The &man.faith.4; device is now loadable, unloadable, and
clonable.</para>
<para arch="i386">Support for Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based Ethernet
PC-Cards has been added back in the &man.fe.4; driver. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">The &man.fpa.4; driver now supports Digital's
DEFPA FDDI adaptors on the Alpha.</para>
<para>The &man.fxp.4; driver now requires a <literal>device
miibus</literal> entry in the kernel configuration file. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.fxp.4; driver now contains a workaround for
PCI protocol violations caused by defects in some systems based
on the Intel ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the
EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby Mode; once
the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to be rebooted for the
new settings to take effect. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.fxp.4; driver now supports Intel's loadable
microcode to implement receive-side interrupt coalescing and
packet bundling, on NICs that support these features. This
support can be activated by the use of the
<option>link0</option> option to &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.gx.4; driver has been added to support NICs based
on the Intel 82542 and 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips.
Both fiber and copper variants of the cards are supported. Both
boards support VLAN tagging/insertion, and the 82543 additionally
supports TCP/IP checksum offload. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.lge.4; driver has been added to support the Level
1 LXT1001 NetCellerator Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This
device is used on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link
and Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on receive
are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering is not. &merged;</para>
<para>Added the &man.nge.4; driver, which supports PCI Gigabit
Ethernet adapters based on the National Semiconductor DP83820
and DP83821 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the
D-Link DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante
FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron
AEG320T. This driver supports transmit and receive checksum
offloading. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.pcn.4; driver, which supports the AMD PCnet/FAST,
PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and HomePNA
adapters, has been added. Although these cards are already
supported by the &man.lnc.4; driver, the &man.pcn.4; driver runs
these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX alignment feature to
achieve zero-copy receive. This driver is also
machine-independent, so it will work on both the i386 and Alpha
platforms. The &man.lnc.4; driver is still needed to support non-PCI
cards. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ray.4; driver, which supports the Webgear Aviator
wireless network cards, has been committed. The operation of
&man.ray.4; interfaces can be modified by
&man.raycontrol.8;. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The sbni driver, for supporting the Granch
SBNI12 series of ISA and PCI point-to-point communications
interfaces, has been added.</para>
<para>Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the
National Semiconductor DP83815 chipset, including the NetGear
FA311-TX and FA312-TX, in the form of the &man.sis.4; driver. &merged;
This device has support for VLANs.</para>
<para arch="i386">The snc driver for the National Semiconductor
DP8393X (SONIC) Ethernet controller has been added. Currently,
this driver is only used on the PC-98 architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.stf.4; device is now clonable.</para>
<para>The &man.tap.4; driver, a virtual Ethernet device driver for
bridged configurations, has been added. This device is
clonable. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ti.4; driver now supports the Alteon AceNIC
1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT Gigabit
cards. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ti.4; driver correctly masks VLAN tags. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.txp.4; driver has been added to support NICs
based on the 3Com 3XP Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vlan.4; devices are now loadable, unloadable, and
clonable. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.xl.4; driver now supports the 3Com 3C556 and 3C556B
MiniPCI adapters used on some laptops. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.xl.4; driver now supports reception of VLAN
tagged frames (on the <quote>Cyclone</quote> or newer
chipsets). &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.xl.4; driver now supports send- and receive-side TCP/IP
checksum offloading for NICs implementing this feature, such as
the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. &merged;</para>
<para>The per-interface <varname>ifnet</varname> structure now
has the ability to indicate a set of capabilities supported by a
network interface, and which ones are enabled. &man.ifconfig.8;
has support for querying these capabilities.</para>
<para>Performance with hosts having a large number of IP aliases
has been improved, by replacing the per-interface
<varname>if_inaddr</varname> linear list with a hash table.</para>
<para>Network devices now automatically appear as special files in
<filename>/dev/net</filename>. Interface hardware ioctls (not
protocol or routing) can be performed on these devices. The
<varname>SIOCGIFCONF</varname> ioctl may be performed on the
special <filename>/dev/network</filename> node.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Network Protocols</title>
<para>&man.accept.filter.9;, a kernel feature to reduce overheads
when accepting and reading new connections on listening sockets,
has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>proxy</literal> modifier to &man.arp.8;'s
<option>-d</option> option has been renamed to
<literal>pub</literal>, for consistency with the
<option>-s</option> option. The <literal>only</literal> keyword
has been added to the <option>-s</option> and
<option>-S</option> flags, to be used in creating
<quote>proxy-only</quote> published entries.</para>
<para>&man.bridge.4; and &man.dummynet.4; have received some
enhancements and bug fixes, and are now loadable
modules. &merged;</para>
<para>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. TCP RSTs
generated due to packets sent to open and unopen ports are now
limited by separate counters. Each rate limiting queue now has
its own description.</para>
<para>ICMP <literal>UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</literal> messages can
now RST TCP connections in the <literal>SYN_SENT</literal> state
if the correct sequence numbers are sent back, as controlled by the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</varname>
sysctl.</para>
<para>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several other
bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</para>
<para>&man.ipfw.4; now filters correctly in the presence of ECN bits in TCP
segments. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.netgraph.4; has received some updates and bugfixes.</para>
<para>A new &man.ng.eth.4; netgraph node allows Ethernet type
packets to be filtered to different hooks depending on
ethertype.</para>
<para>The &man.ng.gif.4; and &man.ng.gif.demux.4; netgraph
nodes, for operating on &man.gif.4; devices, have been
added.</para>
<para>The &man.ng.ip.input.4; netgraph node, for queueing IP
packets into the main IP input processing code, has been
added.</para>
<para>The &man.ng.mppc.4; and &man.ng.bridge.4; node types have
been added to the &man.netgraph.4; subsystem. The &man.ng.ether.4; node
is now dynamically loadable. Miscellaneous bug fixes and
enhancements have also been made. &merged;</para>
<para>A new netgraph node type &man.ng.one2many.4; for multiplexing
and demultiplexing packets over multiple links has been added.
&merged;</para>
<para>A new sysctl <varname>net.inet.ip.check_interface</varname>,
which is on by default, causes IP to verify that an incoming
packet arrives on an interface that has an address matching the
packet's destination address. &merged;</para>
<para>A new sysctl
<varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> has
been added to control the suppression of logging when ARP replies
arrive on the wrong interface. &merged;</para>
<para>A new <literal>options RANDOM_IP_ID</literal> kernel
option causes the ID field of IP packets to be randomized. This
closes a minor information leak which allows a remote observer
to determine the rate at which the machine is generating
packets, since the default behavior is to increment a counter
for each packet sent. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">SLIP has been removed from the
<filename>mfsroot</filename> floppy image.</para>
<para>TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK
behavior. &merged;</para>
<para>TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP Fast Recovery
algorithm. This behavior can be controlled via the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.newreno</varname> sysctl variable. &merged;</para>
<para>TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial SYN segments; this
allows initial connection attempts to be dropped much
faster. &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>TCP_COMPAT_42</literal> kernel option has
been removed.</para>
<para>The <literal>TCP_RESTRICT_RST</literal> kernel option has
been removed. Similar functionality can be achieved with the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.blackhole</varname> sysctl
variable. &merged;</para>
<para>TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default in
&man.rc.conf.5;. &merged;</para>
<para>RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now disabled for a
connection in progress if no response has been received by the
third SYN segment sent. This behavior tries to work around
(very old) terminal servers with buggy VJ header compression
implementations. &merged;</para>
<para>The TCP implementation no longer requires the
allocation of a TCP template structure for each connection; this
should reduce the buffer usage on large systems handling many
connections. &merged;</para>
<para>TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.sendspace</varname> and
<varname>net.inet.tcp.recvspace</varname> sysctl variables, have
been increased to 32K and 64K respectively. Previously, the
default for both buffer sizes was 16K. &merged;</para>
<para>TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against Sequence
Number Attacks). This functionality is controlled by the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.strict_rfc1948</varname> and
<varname>net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</varname> sysctl
variables. &merged;</para>
<para>The TCP implementation in &os; now implements a cache of
outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming SYN segments now
cause entries to be placed in the cache until the TCP three-way
handshake is complete, at which point, memory is allocated for
the connection as usual. This so-called
<quote>syncache</quote> makes a host much more resistant to
TCP-based Denial of Service attacks. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause
connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized window, has
been corrected. &merged;</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Disks and Storage</title>
<para arch="i386">Support for the Adaptec FSA family of PCI-SCSI
RAID controllers has been added, in the form of the &man.aac.4;
driver. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.aac.4; driver now supports the Adaptec
SCSI RAID 5400S controller. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.aac.4; driver has been updated to
include proper handling of commands initiated by the adapter,
addition/removal of disk devices, crashdump functionality, and
&man.ioctl.2; command necessary for the management
CLI. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ahc.4; driver has received numerous updates,
bugfixes, and enhancements. Among various improvements are
improved compatibility with chips in <quote>RAID Port</quote> mode
and systems with AAA and/or ARO cards installed, as well as
performance improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, including a
rare hang on Ultra2/U160 controllers. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.asr.4; driver, which provides support
for the Adaptec SCSI RAID controller family, as well as the DPT
SmartRAID V and VI families, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.asr.4; driver now supports the Adaptec
2000S and 2005S Zero-Channel RAID controllers. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA100
controllers. In addition, it now supports the ServerWorks ROSB4
ATA33 chipset, the CMD 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 chipsets, and
the Cyrix 5530. &merged;</para>
<para>To provide more flexible configuration, the various options for the
&man.ata.4; driver are now boot loader tunables, rather than kernel
configure-time options. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for tagged queuing,
which is enabled by the <varname>hw.ata.tags</varname> loader
tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA
<quote>pseudo</quote> RAID controllers as the Promise Fasttrak and
HighPoint HPT370 controllers. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a wider variety of SiS
chipsets, as listed in the Hardware Notes.</para>
<para>The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI CD-ROM burners, is now
supported. &merged;</para>
<para>The CAM error recovery code has been updated.</para>
<para>The &man.cd.4; driver now has support for write operations.
This allows writing to DVD-RAM, PD and similar drives that probe
as CD devices. Note that change affects only random-access
writeable devices, not sequential-only writeable devices such as
CD-R drives, which are supported by &man.cdrecord.1; (a part of
<port>sysutils/cdrtools</port> in the Ports Collection. &merged;</para>
<para>The ciss driver, for devices utilizing the Common
Interface for SCSI-3 Support, has been added. This driver
supports the Compaq SmartRAID 5* family of RAID controllers
(5300, 532, 5i). &merged;</para>
<para>The ida disk driver now has crashdump support. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">A bug that made certain CDROM drives fail to
attach when connected to a SCSI card driven by &man.isp.4; has
been fixed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.isp.4; driver is now proactive about discovering
Fibre Channel topology changes.</para>
<para>The &man.isp.4; driver now supports target mode for Qlogic
SCSI cards, including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus cards.</para>
<para>The &man.isp.4; driver now supports the Qlogic 2300 and
2312 Optical Fibre Channel PCI cards. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.md.4;, the memory disk device, has had the
functionality of &man.vn.4; incorporated into it. &man.md.4;
devices can now be configured by &man.mdconfig.8;. &man.vn.4; has
been removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been
removed.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.mly.4; driver, for Mylex PCI to SCSI
AccelRAID and eXtremeRAID controllers with firmware 6.X and
later, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The ncv, nsp, and stg drivers have
been ported from NetBSD/pc98. They support the NCR 53C50 /
Workbit Ninja SCSI-3 / TMC 18C30, 18C50 based PC-Card/ISA SCSI
controllers. &merged;</para>
<para>Some problems in &man.sa.4; error handling have been
fixed, including the <quote>tape drive spinning indefinitely
upon &man.mt.1; <option>stat</option></quote> problem.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.twe.4; 3ware ATA RAID driver has added. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.vinum.4; volume manager has received some bug fixes and
enhancements.</para>
<para>The &man.wd.4; compatibility devices were removed from the
&man.ata.4; driver. &merged;</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Filesystems</title>
<para>Support for named extended attributes was added to the &os;
kernel. This allows the kernel, and appropriately privileged
userland processes, to tag files and directories with attribute
data. Extended attributes were added to support the TrustedBSD
Project, in particular ACLs, capability data, and mandatory access
control labels (see
<filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</filename> for
details).</para>
<para>Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been integrated
into the main portion of the kernel source tree. As a
consequence, softupdates are now available with the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. &merged;</para>
<para>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to FFS.
Details can be found in
<filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</filename>.</para>
<para>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and
enhancements.</para>
<para>When running with softupdates, &man.statfs.2; and
&man.df.1; will track the number of blocks and files that are
committed to being freed.</para>
<para>A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption on very large
filesystems has been corrected. &merged;</para>
<para>The Inode Filesystem (IFS) has been added; more information
can be found in
<filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ifs/README</filename>.</para>
<para>The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports a loadable
character conversion routine. The
<port>sysutils/cd9660_unicode</port> port
contains a set of common conversions.</para>
<para>&man.kernfs.5; is obsolete and has been retired.</para>
<para>A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access times with
<literal>O_EXCL|O_CREAT</literal> opens was fixed. &merged;</para>
<para>A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo hash
algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS performance by
increasing the efficiency of the <varname>nfsnode</varname> hash
tables. &merged;</para>
<para>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</para>
<para>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in the
kernel used to be intertwined in various complex ways. They
have been split apart for ease of maintenance and further
development.</para>
<para>Support for file system Access Control Lists (ACLs) has been
introduced, allowing more fine-grained control of discretionary
access control on files and directories. This support was
integrated from the TrustedBSD Project. More details can be found in
<filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</filename>.</para>
<para>The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS has been
changed to improve its speed on large filesystems. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">smbfs (CIFS) support in kernel has been added.
The corresponding userland filesystem mount utility can be found
in the <port>net/smbfs</port> port in the &os; Ports
Collection. &merged;</para>
<para>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, portal,
umap, and union filesystems have been renamed to fdescfs,
fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, and unionfs. Where
applicable, modules and mount_* programs have been
renamed. Compatibility <quote>glue</quote> has been added to
&man.mount.8; so that <literal>msdos</literal> filesystem
entries in &man.fstab.5; will work without changes.</para>
<para>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been added.
&man.linprocfs.5; has been modified to use pseudofs.</para>
<para>A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large directories
called <literal>dirhash</literal> has been added. Conditional on the
<literal>UFS_DIRHASH</literal> kernel option, it improves the speed
of operations on very large directories at the expense of some
memory. &merged;</para>
<para>The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory
memory requirements by default (this behavior is controlled via
the <varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname> sysctl variable. &merged;</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PCCARD Support</title>
<para arch="i386">The pccard driver and &man.pccardc.8; now support multiple
<quote>beep types</quote> upon card insertion and removal. &merged;</para>
<para>On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be configured to
route their interrupts via either the ISA or PCI interrupt paths.
The &man.pcic.4; driver has been updated to support both interrupt
paths (formerly, only routing via ISA was supported). &merged; In most
cases, configuration of PCMCIA devices in laptops is simpler and
more flexible. In addition, various Cardbus bridge PCI cards
(such as those used by Orinoco PCI NICs) are now supported. Some
hosts may experience problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI
interrupt routing; they can frequently be made to work by forcing
the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following lines,
placed in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, may fix the
problem:</para>
<programlisting>hw.pcic.intr_path="1"
hw.pcic.irq="0"</programlisting>
<para>When installing &os; on such a system, typing the following
lines to the boot loader may be helpful in starting up &os; for
the first time:<para>
<screen><prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</userinput>
<prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</userinput></screen>
<para arch="i386">Preliminary Cardbus support under NEWCARD has been added.
This code supports the TI113X, TI12XX, TI125X, Ricoh 5C46/5C47, Topic
95/97/100 and Cirrus Logic PD683X bridges. 16-bit PC Card support
is not yet functional.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Multimedia Support</title>
<para arch="i386">The &man.pcm.4; driver now supports the ESS Solo 1,
Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2e; Forte Media fm801, ESS
Maestro-2e, and VIA Technologies VT82C686A sound card/chipsets,
and has received some other updates.
Separate drivers for the SoundBlaster 8 and SoundBlaster 16 now
replace an older, unified driver. A driver for the CMedia
CMI8338/CMI8738 sound chips has been added. A driver for the
CS4281 sound chip has been added. A driver for the S3
SonicVibes chipset has been added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">A driver for the Avance Logic ALS4000 has
been added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">A driver for the
ESS Maestro-3/Allegro has been added, however due to licensing
restrictions, it cannot be compiled into the kernel. &merged; To
use this driver, add the following line to
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>snd_maestro3_load="YES"</programlisting>
<para>The &man.bktr.4; driver has been updated to 2.18. This
update provides a number of new features. New tuner
types have been added, and improvements to the KLD module and to
memory allocation have been made. Bugs in &man.devfs.5; when
unloading and reloading have been fixed.
Support for new Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with
no audio mux) has been added.</para>
<para>When sound modules are built, one can now load all the
drivers and infrastructure by <command>kldload
snd</command>.</para>
<para>A new API has been added for sound cards with hardware
volume control.</para>
<para arch="i386">A driver for the Intel 443MX, 810, 815, and 815E
integrated sound devices has been added.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Contributed Software</title>
<para>The Forth Inspired Command Language
(<application>FICL</application>) used in the boot loader has
been updated to 2.05.</para>
<para>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
(ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for configuration and power
management, has been added. This functionality has been
provided by the <application>Intel ACPI Component
Architecture</application> project, updated to the ACPI CA
20011120 snapshot. Some backward compatability for
applications using the older APM standard has been provided.</para>
<sect4>
<title>IPFilter</title>
<para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated to
3.4.20. &merged;</para>
<para><application>IPFilter</application> now supports
IPv6. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 arch="i386">
<title>isdn4bsd</title>
<para><application>isdn4bsd</application> has been updated to
version 1.0.1. As a result of this update, users of the
&man.i4bisppp.4; (kernel PPP over ISDN) driver
<emphasis>must</emphasis> now use &man.ispppcontrol.8; instead
of &man.spppcontrol.8; to configure and control these
network interfaces. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ihfc.4; driver for supporting Cologne Chip
Designs HFC devices under <application>isdn4bsd</application>
has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.itjc.4; driver for supporting NETjet-S / Teles
PCI-TJ devices under <application>isdn4bsd</application> has
been added. &merged;</para>
<para>Experimental support for the Eicon.Diehl DIVA 2.0 and
2.02 ISA PnP ISDN cards has been added to the &man.isic.4;
<application>isdn4bsd</application> driver. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.isic.4; driver now supports the Compaq Microcom
610 ISDN ISA PnP card. &merged;</para>
<para>Active CAPI-based ISDN cards manufactured by AVM are now
supported using the &man.i4bcapi.4; and the &man.iavc.4; driver. The
supported cards are the AVM B1 PCI and AVM B1 ISA Basic Rate
cards and the AVM T1 Primary Rate cards. &merged;</para>
<para>A new <literal>maxconnecttime</literal> keyword is now
accepted in &man.isdnd.rc.5; files to limit the time a
connection may remain open. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.isdnphone.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> option for
sending messages via the keypad facility to a PBX or exchange
office. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="kame-kernel">
<title>KAME</title>
<para>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the KAME
Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of the
items listed in this section are a result of this import.
<xref linkend="kame-userland"> lists userland updates to the
KAME IPv6 stack. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.gif.4; is now based on RFC 2893, rather than RFC
1933. The <literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can
be used to control ingress filtering. &merged;</para>
<para><application>IPSec</application> has received some
enhancements, including the ability to use the Rijndael and
SHA2 algorithms. IPSec RC5 support has been removed due to
patent issues. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.stf.4; now conforms to RFC 3056; the
<literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can be used to
control ingress filtering. &merged;</para>
<para>IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses (such as
loopback addresses) on physical networks. &merged;</para>
<para>The <varname>IPV6_V6ONLY</varname> socket option is
now completely supported. The kernel's default behavior
with respect to this option is controlled by the
<varname>net.inet6.ip6.v6only</varname> sysctl
variable. &merged;</para>
<para>RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be enabled via
the <varname>net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</varname> sysctl
variable. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="security">
<title>Security-Related Changes</title>
<para>&man.sysinstall.8; now allows the user to select one of two
<quote>security profiles</quote> at install-time. These profiles enable
different levels of system security by enabling or disabling
various system services in &man.rc.conf.5; on new
installs. &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can hang the
system has been fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-00:41). &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see security
advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). &merged;</para>
<para>String-handling library calls in many programs were fixed to
reduce the possibility of buffer overflow-related exploits.
&merged;</para>
<para>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its initial sequence
numbers (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:52). &merged;</para>
<para>Several buffer overflows in &man.tcpdump.1; were corrected
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in &man.top.1; was corrected (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-00:62). &merged;</para>
<para>A potential security hole caused by an off-by-one-error in
&man.gethostbyname.3; has been fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-00:63). &merged;</para>
<para>A potential buffer overflow in the &man.ncurses.3; library,
which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within
&man.systat.1;, has been corrected (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-00:68). &merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in &man.telnetd.8; that could cause it to
consume large amounts of server resources has been fixed (see
security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>nat deny_incoming</literal> command in
&man.ppp.8; now works correctly (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-00:70). &merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in &man.csh.1;/&man.tcsh.1; temporary files
that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable files has
been closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:76). &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ssh.1; binary is no longer SUID root by
default. &merged;</para>
<para>Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos
IV implementation related to environment variables, a
possible buffer overrun, and overwriting ticket files. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.telnet.1; now does a better job of sanitizing its
environment. &merged;</para>
<para>Several vulnerabilities in &man.procfs.5; were fixed (see
security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in <application>OpenSSH</application> in which a
server was unable to disable &man.ssh-agent.1; or
<literal>X11Forwarding</literal> was fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:01). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.ipfw.8; and &man.ip6fw.8; in which inbound TCP
segments could incorrectly be treated as being part of an
<literal>established</literal> connection has been fixed (see
security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:08). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.crontab.1; that could allow users to read any
file on the system in valid &man.crontab.5; syntax has been fixed
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). &merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in &man.inetd.8; that could allow
read-access to the initial 16 bytes of
<groupname>wheel</groupname>-accessible files has been fixed (see security
advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.periodic.8; that used insecure temporary files has been
corrected (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:12). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.sort.1; in which an attacker might be able to
cause it to abort processing has been fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:13). &merged;</para>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> now has code to prevent
(instead of just mitigating through connection limits) an attack
that can lead to guessing the server key (not host key) by
regenerating the server key when an RSA failure is detected (see
security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:24). &merged;</para>
<para>A number of programs have had output formatting strings
corrected so as to reduce the risk of vulnerabilities. &merged;</para>
<para>A number of programs that use temporary files now do so more
securely. &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt TCP and UDP
<quote>sessions</quote> has been corrected. &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.timed.8;, which caused it to crash if send
certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security
advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). &merged;</para>
<para>A bug in &man.rwhod.8;, which caused it to crash if send
certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security
advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in &os;'s FFS and EXT2FS implementations,
which allowed a race condition that could cause users to have
unauthorized access to data, has been fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:30). &merged;</para>
<para>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in &man.ntpd.8; has
been closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:31). &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in <application>IPFilter</application>'s
fragment cache has been closed (see
security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:32). &merged;</para>
<para>Buffer overflows in &man.glob.3;, which could cause
arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have been closed. In
addition, to prevent some forms of DOS attacks, &man.glob.3;
allows specification of a limit on the number of pathname matches
it will return. &man.ftpd.8; now uses this feature (see security
advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). &merged;</para>
<para>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly
randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due to some
possible compatibility issues, the behavior of this security fix
can be enabled or disabled via the
<varname>net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</varname> sysctl
variable.&merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in the &man.fts.3; routines (used by
applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) could
allow a program to operate on files outside the intended directory
hierarchy. This bug has been fixed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:40). &merged;</para>
<para>&os;'s TCP implementation has been made more resistant to
SYN floods, by eliminating the RST segment normally sent when
removing a connection from the listen queue.</para>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> now switches to the
user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication
forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</para>
<para>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in effect in a
child process after being exec-ed from its parent. This allowed
an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of a setuid
binary. This flaw has been corrected (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:42). &merged;</para>
<para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.tcpdump.1; has been fixed
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). &merged;</para>
<para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.telnetd.8; has been
fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). &merged;</para>
<para>The new <varname>net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</varname>
and <varname>net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</varname> sysctl
variables limit the amount of memory that can be consumed by IPv4
and IPv6 packet fragments, which defends against some denial of service
attacks (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:52). &merged;</para>
<para>All services in <filename>inetd.conf</filename> are now
disabled by default for new installations. &man.sysinstall.8;
gives the option of enabling or disabling &man.inetd.8; on new
installations, as well as editing
<filename>inetd.conf</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>A flaw in the implementation of the &man.ipfw.8;
<literal>me</literal> rules on point-to-point links has been
corrected. Formerly, <literal>me</literal> filter rules would
match the remote IP address of a point-to-point interface in
addition to the intended local IP address (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:53). &merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in &man.procfs.5;, which could allow a
process to read sensitive information from another process's
memory space, has been closed (see security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:55). &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>PARANOID</literal> hostname checking in
<application>tcp_wrappers</application> now works as advertised
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:56). &merged;</para>
<para>A local root exploit in &man.sendmail.8; has been closed
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). &merged;</para>
<para>A remote root vulnerability in &man.lpd.8; has been closed
(see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). &merged;</para>
<para>A race condition in &man.rmuser.8; that briefly exposed a
world-readable <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> has been
fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). &merged;</para>
<para>A vulnerability in <application>UUCP</application> has been
closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62).
All non-<username>root</username>-owned binaries in standard
system paths now have the <literal>schg</literal> flag set to
prevent exploit vectors when run by &man.cron.8;, by
<username>root</username>, or by a user other then the one owning
the binary. In addition, &man.uustat.1; is now run via
<filename>/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</filename> as
<username>uucp</username>, not <username>root</username>.
In &os; -CURRENT, <application>UUCP</application> has since been moved
to the Ports Collection and no longer a part of the base
system. &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in the
&man.semop.2; system call has been closed. &merged;</para>
<para>A security hole in <application>OpenSSH</application>,
which could allow users to execute code with arbitrary privileges
if <literal>UseLogin yes</literal> was set, has been
closed. Note that the default value of this setting is
<literal>UseLogin no</literal>. (See security advisory
FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) &merged;</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userland">
<title>Userland Changes</title>
<para>If the first argument to &man.ancontrol.8; or
&man.wicontrol.8; doesn't start with a <literal>-</literal>, it is
assumed to be an interface.</para>
<para>&man.apmd.8; now has the ability to monitor battery levels and
execute commands based on percentage or minutes of battery life
remaining via the <literal>apm_battery</literal> configuration
directive. See the commented-out examples in
<filename>/etc/apmd.conf</filename> for the syntax. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.arp.8; now prints the applicable interface name for
each ARP entry. &merged</para>
<para>&man.arp.8; now prints <literal>[fddi]</literal> or
<literal>[atm]</literal> tags for addresses on interfaces of those
types.</para>
<para>&man.atacontrol.8; has been added to control various aspects
of the &man.ata.4; driver.</para>
<para arch="i386">&man.boot98cfg.8;, a PC-98 boot manager installation and
configuration utility, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.burncd.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option for
multisession mode (the default behavior now is to close disks as
single-session). A <option>-l</option> option to take a list of
image files from a filename was also added; <filename>-</filename>
can be used as a filename for <literal>stdin</literal>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.burncd.8; now supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode,
selectable via the <option>-d</option> flag.</para>
<para>&man.burncd.8; now has the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</para>
<para>&man.c89.1; has been converted from a shell script to a
binary executable, fixing some minor bugs. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cat.1; now has the ability to read from UNIX-domain
sockets. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports a <literal>cdid</literal>
command, which calculates and displays the CD serial number, using
the same algorithm used by the CDDB database. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cdcontrol.1; now uses the <envar>CDROM</envar>
environment variable to pick a default device. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports <literal>next</literal> and
<literal>prev</literal> commands to skip forwards or backwards a
specified number of tracks while playing an audio CD. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.chflags.1; has moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename>
to <filename>/bin</filename>.</para>
<para>&man.chio.1; now has the ability to specify elements by
volume tag instead of by their physical location as well as the
ability to return an element to its previous location. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.chmod.1; now supports a <option>-h</option> for
changing the mode of a symbolic link.</para>
<para>&man.chown.8; now correctly follows symbolic links named as
command line arguments if run without <option>-R</option>.</para>
<para>&man.chown.8; no longer takes <literal>.</literal> as a
user/group delimeter. This change was made to support usernames
containing a <literal>.</literal>.</para>
<para>Use of the <literal>CSMG_*</literal> macros no longer
require inclusion of
<filename>&lt;sys/param.h&gt;</filename></para>
<para>&man.col.1; now takes a <option>-p</option> flag to force unknown
control sequences to be passed through unchanged. &merged;</para>
<para>The
<filename>compat3x</filename> distribution has been updated to
include libraries present in &os; 3.5.1-RELEASE. &merged;</para>
<para>A <filename>compat4x</filename> distribution has been added
for compatibility with &os; 4-STABLE.</para>
<para>&man.config.8; is now better about converting various
warnings that should
have been errors into actual fatal errors with an exit code. This
ensures that <literal>make buildkernel</literal>
doesn't quietly ignore them and
build a bogus kernel without a human to read the errors. &merged;</para>
<para>A number of buffer overflows in &man.config.8; have been
fixed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.daemon.8; program, a command-line interface to
&man.daemon.3;, has been added. It detaches itself from its
controlling terminal and executes a program specified on the command
line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program as if it were
written to be a daemon.</para>
<para>devinfo, a simple tool to print the device tree and resource usage by
devices, has been added.</para>
<para>&man.df.1; now takes a <option>-l</option> option to only
display information about locally-mounted filesystems. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.disklabel.8; now supports partition sizes expressed in
kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to sectors. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.dmesg.8; now has a <option>-a</option> option to show
the entire message buffer, including &man.syslogd.8; records and
<filename>/dev/console</filename> output. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.du.1; now takes a <option>-I</option> command-line flag
to ignore/skip files and subdirectories matching a specified
shell-glob mask. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.dump.8; now supports inheritance of the
<literal>nodump</literal> flag down a hierarchy. &merged;</para>
<para>The <option>-T</option> option to &man.dump.8; no longer swallows
an extra argument. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.dump.8; has a new <option>-D</option> option, allowing
the path to the <filename>/etc/dumpdates</filename> file to be
changed. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.edquota.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to
allow limiting the prototype quota distribution (specified with
<option>-p</option>) to a single filesystem. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.fbtab.5; now accepts glob matching patterns for target
devices, not just individual devices and directories.</para>
<para arch="i386">&man.fdisk.8; no longer attempts to search for
a device if none has been specified on the command line, but
instead tries to figure out the default device name from the
root device.</para>
<para>&man.fdread.1;, a program to read data from floppy disks,
has been added. It is a counterpart to &man.fdwrite.1; and is
designed to provide a means of recovering at least some data from
bad media, and to obviate for a complex invocation of
&man.dd.1;.</para>
<para>&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-empty</option> flag,
which returns true if a file or directory is empty. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-iname</option> and
<option>-ipath</option> primaries for case-insensitive matches,
and the <option>-regexp</option> and <option>-iregexp</option>
primaries for regular-expression matches. The <option>-E</option>
flag now enables extended regular expressions. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.find.1; now has the <option>-anewer</option>,
<option>-cnewer</option>, <option>-mnewer</option>,
<option>-okdir</option>, and <option>-newer[acm][acmt]</option>
primaries for comparisons of file timestamps. The latter
primaries can be specified with various units of time. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.finger.1; now has the ability to support fingering
aliases, via the &man.finger.conf.5; file. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.finger.1; now has support for a
<filename>.pubkey</filename> file.</para>
<para>&man.fmt.1; has been rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number
of bugs compared to its prior behavior. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.fmtcheck.3;, a function for checking consistency of
format string arguments, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.fsck.8; wrappers have been imported; this feature
provides infrastructure for &man.fsck.8; to work on different
types of filesystems (analogous to &man.mount.8;).</para>
<para>The behavior of &man.fsck.8; when dealing with various
passes (a la <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>) has been modified to
accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</para>
<para>&man.fsck.8; now has support for foreground
(<option>-F</option>) and background (<option>-B</option>) checks.
Traditionally, &man.fsck.8; is invoked before the filesystems are
mounted and all checks are done to completion at that time. If
background checking is available, &man.fsck.8; is invoked twice.
It is first invoked at the traditional time, before the
filesystems are mounted, with the <option>-F</option> flag to do
checking on all the filesystems that cannot do background
checking. It is then invoked a second time, after the system has
completed going multiuser, with the <option>-B</option> flag to do
checking on all the filesystems that can do background checking.
Unlike the foreground checking, the background checking is started
asynchronously so that other system activity can proceed even on
the filesystems that are being checked. Boot-time enabling of
this feature is controlled by the
<varname>background_fsck</varname> option in &man.rc.conf.5;.</para>
<para>Shortly after the receipt of a <literal>SIGINFO</literal>
signal (normally control-T from the controlling tty), &man.fsck.ffs.8;
will now output a line indicating the current phase number and
progress information relevant to the current phase. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.fsck.ffs.8; now supports background filesystem checks
to mounted FFS filesystems with the <option>-B</option> option
(softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The
<option>-F</option> flag now determines whether a specified
filesystem needs foreground checking.</para>
<para>A new &man.fsck.msdosfs.8; utility has been added to check
the consistency of MS-DOS filesystems. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ftpd.8; now supports a <option>-r</option> flag for
read-only mode and a <option>-E</option> flag to disable
<literal>EPSV</literal>. It also has some fixes to reduce
information leakage and the ability to specify compile-time port
ranges. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ftpd.8; now supports <option>-o</option> and
<option>-O</option> options to disable the <literal>RETR</literal>
command; the former for everybody, and the latter only for guest users.
Coupled with <option>-A</option> and appropriate file permissions,
these can be used to create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box
for others to upload to.</para>
<para arch="i386">&man.gdb.1; now supports hardware watchpoints (using the
kernel's debug register + support that has been introduced in
&os; 4.0). &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.getprogname.3; and &man.setprogname.3; library
functions have been added to manipulate the name of the current
program. They are used by error-reporting routines to produce
consistent output. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.gprof.1; now has a <option>-K</option> option to enable
dynamic symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. With
this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to be
profiled.</para>
<para>&man.growfs.8;, a utility for growing FFS filesystems, has
been added. &man.ffsinfo.8;, a utility for dump all the
meta-information of an existing filesystem, has also been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.groups.1; and &man.whoami.1; shell scripts are now
unnecessary; their functionality has been completely folded into
&man.id.1;.</para>
<para>The &man.ibcs2.8;, &man.linux.8;, &man.osf1.8;, and &man.svr4.8;
scripts, whose sole purpose was to load emulation
kernel modules, have been removed. The kernel module system will
automatically load them as needed to fulfill dependencies.</para>
<para>&man.indent.1; has gained some new formatting
options. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; command can set the link-layer address
of an interface using the <option>lladdr</option> parameter.
&merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; can now accept addresses in slash/CIDR
notation. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; now has support for setting parameters for
IEEE 802.11 wireless network devices. &man.wi.4; and
&man.an.4; devices are supported, and partial support is provided
for &man.awi.4; devices. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; no longer displays the list of supported
media by default. Instead it displays it when the
<option>-m</option> flag is given. &merged;</para>
<para>The syntax of &man.inetd.8;'s support for &man.faithd.8; is
now compatible with that of other BSDs. &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>ident</literal> protocol support in &man.inetd.8; has
been cleaned up and updated. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.inetd.8; now has the ability to manage UNIX-domain
sockets. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.install.1; has a number of new features, including the
<option>-b</option> and <option>-B</option> options for backing up
existing target files and the <option>-S</option> option for
<quote>safe</quote> (atomic copy) operation. The
<option>-c</option> (copy) flag is now the default, and the
<option>-D</option> (debugging) flag has been withdrawn.
&man.install.1; now issues a warning if <option>-d</option>
(create directories) and <option>-C</option> (copy changed files
only) are used together. &merged;</para>
<para>IP Filter is now supported by the
&man.rc.conf.5; boot-time configuration and
initialization. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ipfstat.8; now supports the <option>-t</option> option
to turn on a &man.top.1;-like display. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ipfw.8; will now avoid the display of dynamic
firewall rules unless the <option>-d</option> flag is passed to
it. The <option>-e</option> option lists expired dynamic
rules. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ipfw.8; has a new feature (<literal>me</literal>) that
allows for packet matching on interfaces with dynamically-changing
IP addresses. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ipfw.8; has a new <literal>limit</literal> type of
firewall rule, which limits the number of sessions between address
pairs. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ip6fw.8; now has the ability to use a preprocessor
and use the <option>-q</option> (quiet) flag when reading from a
file. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.kenv.1;, a command to dump the kernel environment, has
been added. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.keyinfo.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl
script. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.killall.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl
script. As a result, its <option>-m</option> option now uses the
regular expression syntax of &man.regex.3;, rather than that of
&man.perl.1;. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.killall.1; now allows non-root users to kill SUID root
processes that they started, the same as the Perl version did.</para>
<para>The &man.kldconfig.8; utility has been added to make it easier to
manipulate the kernel module search path. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.last.1; now implements a <option>-d</option> that
provides a <quote>snapshot</quote> of who was logged in at a
particular date and time. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.lastlogin.8; utility, which prints the last login
time of each user, has been imported from
NetBSD. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ldconfig.8; now checks directory ownerships and
permissions for greater security; these checks can be disabled
with the <option>-i</option> flag. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>libc</filename> is now thread-safe by default;
<filename>libc_r</filename> contains only thread functions.</para>
<para><filename>libcrypt</filename> and
<filename>libdescrypt</filename> have been unified to provide a
configurable password authentication hash library. Both the md5
and des hash methods are provided unless the des hash is
specifically compiled out. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>libcrypt</filename> now has support for Blowfish
password hashing. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386"><filename>libdisk</filename> can now do
install-time configuration of the <filename>boot0</filename>
boot loader. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for
filesystems containing <application>bzip2</application>-compressed
files. &merged;</para>
<para>The default TCP port range used by
<filename>libfetch</filename> for passive FTP retrievals has
changed; this affects the behavior of &man.fetch.1;, which has
gained the <option>-U</option> option to restore the old
behavior. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for an
authentication callback.</para>
<para><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for a
<envar>HTTP_USER_AGENT</envar> environment variable. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>libgmp</filename> has been superceded by
<filename>libmp</filename>.
<para>The functions from <filename>libposix1e</filename> have been
integrated into <filename>libc</filename>.</para>
<para>&man.ln.1; now takes an <option>-i</option> option to
request user confirmation before overwriting an existing
file. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ln.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> flag to avoid
following a target that is a link, with a <option>-n</option> flag
for compatibility with other implementations. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.logger.1; can now send messages directly to a remote
syslog. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.login.1; now exports environment variables set by
<application>PAM</application> modules. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lpc.8; has been improved; <command>lpc clean</command>
is now somewhat safer, and a new <command>lpc tclean</command>
command has been added to check to see what files would be removed
by <command>lpc clean</command>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lpd.8; now takes two new options: <option>-c</option>
will log all connection errors to &man.syslogd.8;, while
<option>-W</option> will allow connections from non-reserved
ports. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lpd.8; now has some support for
<literal>o</literal>-type print-file actions in its control files,
which allows printing of PostScript files generated by
<application>MacOS</application> 10.1. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lpr.1;, &man.lpq.1;, and &man.lpd.8; have received a
few minor enhancements. &merged;</para>
<para>Catching up with most other network utilities in the base
system, &man.lpr.1;, &man.lpd.8;, &man.syslogd.8;, and
&man.logger.1; are now all IPv6-capable. &merged;</para>
<para><command>lprm -</command> now works for remote printer
queues. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ls.1; can produce colorized listings with the
<option>-G</option> flag (and appropriate terminal
support). The <envar>CLICOLOR</envar> environment variable can be set
to enable colorized listings by default. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.mail.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> flag to avoid
sending messages with empty bodies. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.make.1; has gained the <literal>:C///</literal>
(regular expression substitution), <literal>:L</literal>
(lowercase), and <literal>:U</literal> (uppercase) variable
modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences between the
&os; and
OpenBSD/NetBSD
&man.make.1; programs. &merged; </para>
<para>Bugs in &man.make.1;, among which include broken null suffix
behavior, bad assumptions about current directory permissions, and
potential buffer overflows, have been fixed. &merged;</para>
<para>The new <varname>CPUTYPE</varname>
<filename>make.conf</filename> variable controls the compilation
of processor-specific optimizations in various pieces of code such
as <application>OpenSSL</application>. &merged;</para>
<para>The &os; <filename>Makefile</filename> infrastructure now
supports the <varname>WARNS</varname> directive from NetBSD. This
directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags to
<varname>CFLAGS</varname> in a relatively compiler-neutral
manner. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.mdmfs.8; command has been added; it is a wrapper
around &man.mdconfig.8;, &man.disklabel.8;, &man.newfs.8;, and
&man.mount.8; that mimics the command line option set of the
deprecated &man.mount.mfs.8;.</para>
<para>&man.mergemaster.8; has gained some new features, has been
cleaned up somewhat, and is now more cross-platform friendly.</para>
<para>&man.mergemaster.8; now sources an
<filename>/etc/mergemaster.rc</filename> file and also prompts the
user to run recommended commands (such as
<command>newaliases</command>) as needed. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.moused.8; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to control
mouse acceleration. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.mtree.8; now includes support for a file that lists
pathnames to be excluded when creating and verifying prototypes.
This makes it easier to use &man.mtree.8; as a part of an
intrusion-detection system. &merged;</para>
<para>The <quote>in use</quote> percentage metric displayed by
&man.netstat.1; now really reflects the percentage of network
mbufs used. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-W</option> flag that
tells it not to truncate addresses, even if they're too long for
the column they're printed in. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.netstat.1; now keeps track of input and output packets
on a per-address basis for each interface. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-z</option> flag to reset
statistics. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-S</option> flag to print
address numerically but port names symbolically. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.newfs.8; now implements write combining, which can make
creation of new filesystems up to seven times
faster. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.newfs.8; now takes a <option>-U</option> option to
enable softupdates on a new filesystem. &merged;</para>
<para>The default number of cylinders per group in &man.newfs.8;
is now computed to be the maximum allowable given the current
filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the
<option>-c</option>. Formerly, the default was fixed at 16. This
change leads to better &man.fsck.8; performance and reduced
fragmentation. &merged;</para>
<para>The default block and fragment sizes for new filesystems created
by &man.newfs.8; are now 16384 and 2048 bytes, respectively (the
old defaults were 8192 and 1024 bytes). This change generally
provides increased performance, at the expense of some wasted disk
space.</para>
<para>&man.newsyslog.8; now has the ability to ability to compress
log files using &man.bzip2.1;. &merged;</para>
<para><application>NFS</application> now works over IPv6.</para>
<para>&man.nl.1;, a line numbering filter program, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para><application>nsswitch</application> support has been merged from NetBSD. By creating
an &man.nsswitch.conf.5; file, &os; can be configured so that
various databases such as &man.passwd.5; and &man.group.5; can be
looked up using flat files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old
<filename>hosts.conf</filename> file is no longer used.</para>
<para><application>PAM</application> support has been added for
account management and sessions.</para>
<para>&man.passwd.1; and &man.pw.8; now select the password hash
algorithm at run time. See the <literal>passwd_format</literal>
attribute in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pax.1; has received a number of enhancements, including
&man.cpio.1; functionality, &man.tar.1; compatibility
enhancements, <option>-z</option> and <option>-Z</option> flags
for &man.gzip.1; and &man.compress.1; functionality, and a number
of bug fixes.</para>
<para>&man.pciconf.8; now supports a <option>-v</option> option to
display the vendor/device information of configured devices,
in conjunction with the <option>-l</option> option. The default
vendor/device database can be found at
<filename>/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>The behavior of &man.periodic.8; is now controlled by
<filename>/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</filename> and
<filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option to
set the TTL of outgoing packets. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-A</option> option to
beep when packets are lost. &merged;</para>
<para>Userland &man.ppp.8; has received a number of updates and
bug fixes. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ppp.8; has gained the <literal>tcpmssfixup</literal>
option, which adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so that the maximum
receive segment size is no larger than allowed by the interface
MTU. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ppp.8; now supports IPv6.</para>
<para>&man.pppd.8; (the control program for kernel-level PPP) is
now installed mode <literal>4550</literal> and
<username>root</username><literal>:</literal><groupname>dialer</groupname>,
rather than mode <literal>4555</literal> (in other words, it is no
longer world-executable). Users of &man.pppd.8; may need to
change their group settings. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pwd.1; can now double as &man.realpath.1;, a program to
resolve pathnames to their underlying physical paths. &merged;</para>
<para>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by
&man.rand.3; has been improved to provide less biased results.</para>
<para>&man.rc.8; now has an framework for handling dependencies between
&man.rc.conf.5; variables. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.rc.8; now deletes all non-directory files in
<filename>/var/run</filename> and
<filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> at boot time. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.rcmd.3; now supports the use of the
<envar>RSH</envar> environment variable to specify a program to
use other than &man.rsh.1; for remote execution. As a result,
programs such as &man.dump.8;, can use &man.ssh.1; for remote
transport.</para>
<para>&man.rdist.1; has been retired from the base system, but is still
available from &os; Ports Collection as
<port>net/44bsd-rdist</port>.</para>
<para>The &man.resolver.3; in &os; now implements EDNS0 support,
which will be necessary when working with IPv6 transport-ready
resolvers/DNS servers. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.rfork.thread.3; library call has been added as a
helper function to &man.rfork.2;. Using this function should
avoid the need to implement complex stack swap
code. &merged;</para>
<para>The <option>-v</option> option to &man.rm.1; now displays
the entire pathname of a file being removed.</para>
<para>&man.route.8; is now more verbose when changing indirect
routes, in the case of a gateway route that is the same route as
the one being modified. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.route.8; now uses
<literal><replaceable>host</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal>
syntax instead of
<literal><replaceable>net</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal>
syntax, for compatibility with &man.netstat.1;. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.route.8; can now create <quote>proxy only</quote>
published ARP entries. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.route.8; <option>add</option> command now supports
the <option>-ifp</option> and <option>-ifa</option>
modifiers.</para>
<para>&man.rpcbind.8; has replaced &man.portmap.8;.</para>
<para>&man.rpcgen.1; now uses <filename>/usr/bin/cpp</filename>
(as on NetBSD), not <filename>/usr/libexec/cpp</filename>.</para>
<para>&man.rpc.lockd.8; has been imported from NetBSD. This
daemon enables locking on NFS filesystems.</para>
<para>The performance of the ELF dynamic linker &man.rtld.1; has
been improved. &merged;</para>
<para>RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the <application>RSA</application>
algorithm. As a
result, the native <application>OpenSSL</application>
implementation of the RSA algorithm is now activated by default,
and the <port>security/rsaref</port> port and the
<filename>librsaUSA</filename> and <filename>librsaINTL</filename>
libraries are
no longer required for USA and non-USA residents respectively. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.savecore.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> option
to prevent clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also
attempts to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump
files to save space and time. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.savecore.8; now works correctly on machines with 2 GB
or more of RAM. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sed.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> option for
extended regular expression support. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.send-pr.1; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to
include a file into the <literal>Fix:</literal> section of a
problem report. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.setfacl.1; and &man.getfacl.1; commands have been
added to manage file system Access Control Lists.</para>
<para>&man.setproctitle.3; has been moved from
<filename>libutil</filename> to
<filename>libc</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sh.1; now implements <command>test</command> as a
built-in command for improved efficiency. &man.sh.1; no longer
implements <command>printf</command> as a built-in command because
it was considered less valuable compared to the other built-in
commands (this functionality is, of course, still available
through the &man.printf.1; executable).</para>
<para>&man.sockstat.1; now has <option>-c</option> and
<option>-l</option> flags for listing connected and listening
sockets, respectively. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.split.1; now has the ability to split a file longer
than 2GB. &merged;</para>
<para>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX
<filename>&lt;sys/select.h&gt;</filename> requirements,
<literal>struct selinfo</literal> and related functions have been
moved to <filename>&lt;sys/selinfo.h&gt;</filename>.</para>
<para>The &man.strnstr.3; and &man.strcasestr.3; variants of
&man.strstr.3; have been implemented.</para>
<para>&man.stty.1; now has support for an
<literal>erase2</literal> control character, so that, for example,
both the <keycap>Delete</keycap> and <keycap>Backspace</keycap>
keys can be used to erase characters. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.style.perl.7;, a style guide for Perl code in the &os;
base system, has been added.</para>
<para>&man.su.1; now uses <application>PAM</application> for
authentication.</para>
<para>Boot-time &man.syscons.4; configuration was moved to a
machine-independent <filename>/etc/rc.syscons</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-N</option> option to
print out variable names only. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sysctl.8; has replaced the <option>-A</option> and
<option>-X</option> options with <option>-ao</option> and
<option>-ax</option> respectively; the former options are now
deprecated. The <option>-w</option> option is deprecated as well; it is
not needed to determine the user's intentions. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-e</option> option to
separate variable names and values by <literal>=</literal> rather
than <literal>:</literal>. This feature is useful for producing
output that can be fed back to &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
<para>&man.sysinstall.8; now properly preserves
<filename>/etc/mail</filename> during a binary upgrade. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sysinstall.8; now uses some more intuitive defaults
thanks to some new dialog support functions. &merged;</para>
<para>The default root partition in &man.sysinstall.8; is now
100MB on the i386 and 120MB on the Alpha.</para>
<para>&man.sysinstall.8; now lives in <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>,
which simplifies the installation process. The &man.sysinstall.8;
manpage is also installed in a more consistent fashion now.</para>
<para>&man.sysinstall.8; now has the ability to load KLDs as a
part of the installation. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.syslogd.8; can take a <option>-n</option> option to
disable DNS queries for every request. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.syslogd.8; now supports a <literal>LOG_CONSOLE</literal>
facility (disabled by
default), which can be used to log <filename>/dev/console</filename>
output. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.syslogd.8; now has the ability to bind to a specific
address--as opposed to using every available one--via the
<option>-b</option> option. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.tail.1; now has the ability to work on files longer
than 2GB. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.tar.1; now supports the <varname>TAR_RSH</varname>
variable, principally to enable the use of &man.ssh.1; as a
transport. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.telnet.1; now does autologin and encryption by default;
a new <option>-y</option> option turns off encryption.</para>
<para>&man.telnet.1; now supports a <option>-u</option> flag to
allow connections to UNIX-domain (<literal>AF_UNIX</literal>)
sockets. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.tftpd.8; now takes the <option>-c</option> and
<option>-C</option> options, which allow the server to
&man.chroot.2; based on the IP address of the connecting client.
&man.tftp.1; and &man.tftpd.8; can now transfer files larger than
65535 blocks. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.tftpd.8; now supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval
and Transfer Size Options); this feature is required by some
firmware like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium
servers) in order to boot an image using
<application>TFTP</application>.</para>
<para arch="alpha">&man.timed.8; now works on the alpha.</para>
<para>A version of Transport Independent RPC
(<application>TI-RPC</application>) has been imported.</para>
<para>&man.tmpnam.3; will now use the <envar>TMPDIR</envar>
environment variable, if set, to specify the location of temporary
files. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.tip.1; has been updated from
<application>OpenBSD</application>, and has the ability to act as
a &man.cu.1; substitute.</para>
<para>&man.top.1; will now use the full width of its tty.</para>
<para>&man.touch.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> option to
operate on a symbolic link, rather than what the link points
to.</para>
<para>The &man.truncate.1; utility, which truncates or extends the length
of files, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>Ukrainian language support has been added to the &os;
console. &merged;</para>
<para><application>UUCP</application> has been removed from the
base system. It can be found in
the Ports Collection, in <port>net/freebsd-uucp</port>.</para>
<para>&man.units.1; has received some updates and bugfixes. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vidcontrol.1; now accepts a <option>-g</option>
parameter to select custom text geometry in the
<literal>VESA_800x600</literal> raster text mode. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vidcontrol.1; now allows the user to omit the font size
specification when loading a font, and has some better
error-handling. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-p</option> option to
take a snapshot of a &man.syscons.4; video buffer. These
snapshots can be manipulated by the
<port>graphics/scr2png</port> utility in the Ports
Collection. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-C</option> option
to clear the history buffer for a given tty, as well as a
<option>-h</option> option to set the size of the history buffer. &merged;</para>
<para>The default stripe size in &man.vinum.8; has been changed
from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks more evenly between
stripes.</para>
<para>&man.wall.1; now supports a <option>-g</option> flag to
write a message to all users of a given group. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.watch.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to
specify a &man.snp.4; device to use.</para>
<para>&man.which.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl
script.</para>
<para>&man.whois.1; now directs queries for IP addresses to
ARIN. If a query to ARIN references APNIC or RIPE, the
appropriate server will also be queried, provided that the
<option>-Q</option> option is not specified. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.xargs.1; now supports a <option>-J</option>
<replaceable>replstr</replaceable> option that allows the user to
tell &man.xargs.1; to insert the data read from standard input at
a specific point in the command line arguments rather than at the
end. &merged;</para>
<para>The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ runtime
initialization code. This change brings about better
compatibility with code generated from the various egcs and gcc
ports, as well as the stock public FSF source. &merged;</para>
<para>The threads library has gained some signal handling changes,
bug fixes, and performance enhancements (including zero system
call thread switching). &man.gdb.1; thread support has been
updated to match these changes. &merged;</para>
<para>Significant additions have been made to internationalization
support; &os; now has complete locale support for the
<literal>LC_MONETARY</literal>, <literal>LC_NUMERIC</literal>, and
<literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> categories. A number of
applications have been updated to take advantage of this
support.</para>
<para>Locale names have been changed to improve compatibility with
the names used by X11R6, as well as a number of other UNIX
versions. As an example, the <literal>en_US.ISO_8859-1</literal>
locale name has been changed to
<literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal>. Entries in
<filename>/etc/locale.alias</filename> provide backward
compatibility.</para>
<para><filename>/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename> now
contains a scalable Beastie graphic. &merged;</para>
<para>As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were
improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in their
content. &merged;</para>
<sect3>
<title>Contributed Software</title>
<para><application>am-utils</application> has been updated to
6.0.7.</para>
<para><application>bc</application> has been updated from 1.04 to
1.06. &merged;</para>
<para>The ISC library from the <application>BIND</application>
distribution is now built as
<filename>libisc</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para><application>BIND</application> is now built with the
<literal>NOADDITIONAL</literal> flag, which causes &man.named.8;
to operate in a more consistent fashion for certain common
misconfigurations. &merged;</para>
<para><application>BIND</application> has been updated to
8.2.4-REL. &merged;</para>
<para><application>Binutils</application> have been updated to
a 31 October 2001 snapshot from the FSF 2.11 branch.</para>
<para><application>bzip2</application> 1.0.1 has been imported; this
brings the &man.bzip2.1; program and the <filename>libbz2</filename>
library to the base system. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.ee.1; <application>Easy Editor</application> has
been updated to 1.4.2. &merged;</para>
<para><application>file</application> has been updated to 3.37.</para>
<para><application>gcc</application> has been updated to 2.95.3. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.gcc.1; now uses a unified <filename>libgcc</filename>
rather than a separate one for threaded and non-threaded programs.
<filename>/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</filename> can be removed.
&merged;</para>
<para>&man.gcc.1; now supports the environment variable
<envar>GCC_OPTIONS</envar>, which can hold a set of default
options for <application>GCC</application>. &merged;</para>
<para><application>GNATS</application> has been updated to
3.113. &merged;</para>
<para><application>GNU awk</application> has been updated to
3.1.0.</para>
<para><application>gperf</application> has been updated to 2.7.2.</para>
<para><application>groff</application> and its related utilities
have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This import brings in a
new &man.mdoc.7; macro package (sometimes referred to as
<literal>mdocNG</literal>), which removes many of the
limitations of its predecessor. &merged;</para>
<para><application>Heimdal</application> has been updated to
0.3f.</para>
<para>The version of <application>IPFilter</application>
provided with &os; now includes the &man.ipfs.8; program, which
allows state information created for NAT entries and stateful
rules to be saved to disk and restored after a reboot. &merged;</para>
<para>The <application>ISC DHCP</application> client has been
updated to 2.0pl5. &merged;</para>
<para><application>Kerberos IV</application> has been updated to
1.0.5. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.more.1; command has been replaced by &man.less.1;,
although it can still be run as
<command>more</command>. <application>less</application> has
been imported at 3.5.8. &merged;</para>
<para><application>libpcap</application> has been updated to
0.6.2. &merged;</para>
<para><application>libreadline</application> has been updated to
4.2.</para>
<para><application>Linux-PAM</application> has been updated to
0.75. &merged;</para>
<para>A number of new <application>Linux-PAM</application> modules
have been added, including: <filename>pam_ftp</filename>,
<filename>pam_krb5</filename>,
<filename>pam_nologin</filename>,
<filename>pam_rootok</filename>,
<filename>pam_securetty</filename>,
<filename>pam_wheel</filename>.</para>
<para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated to
5.2-20010512.</para>
<para>The <application>NTP</application> suite of programs has been
updated to 4.1.0.</para>
<para>The <application>OPIE</application> one-time-password suite
has been updated to 2.32. &merged; It has completely replaced
the functionality of <application>S/Key</application>.</para>
<para><application>Perl</application> has been updated to version
5.6.0.</para>
<para>&man.routed.8; has been updated to version 2.22. &merged;</para>
<para><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated to
3.6.3. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.csh.1; shell has been replaced by &man.tcsh.1;,
although it can still be run as <command>csh</command>.
<application>tcsh</application> has been updated to version
6.11. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.traceroute.8; now takes its default maximum TTL value
from the <varname>net.inet.ip.ttl</varname> sysctl
variable. &merged;</para>
<para>The timezone database has been updated to the
<filename>tzdata2001d</filename> release. &merged;</para>
<sect4>
<title>CVS</title>
<para><application>cvs</application> has been updated to
1.11.1p1. &merged;</para>
<para>The default value for &man.cvs.1;'s
<envar>CVS_RSH</envar> variable is now <literal>ssh</literal>,
rather than <literal>rsh</literal>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cvs.1; now supports a <option>-T</option> option to
update a sandbox's <filename>CVS/Template</filename> file from
the repository. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.cvs.1; <literal>diff</literal> now supports the
<option>-j</option> option to perform differences against a
revision relative to a branch tag. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>CVSup</title>
<para><application>CVSup</application>, a frequently used
utility in the &os; Ports Collection, was formerly installable
using several ports and packages. The
<port>net/cvsup-bin</port> and <port>net/cvsupd-bin</port>
ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; the
<port>net/cvsup</port> port should be used instead. &merged;</para>
<para><application>CVSup</application> has been updated to
16.1_3, which is available in the &os; Ports Collection as
<port>net/cvsup</port>. This update fixes a long-standing
(but only recently encountered) bug which affects the
timestamps on all files after Sun Sep 9 01:46:40 UTC 2001
(1,000,000,000 seconds after the UNIX epoch). &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4 id="kame-userland">
<title>KAME</title>
<para>The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the KAME
Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of the
items listed in this section are a result of this import.
<xref linkend="kame-kernel"> lists kernel updates to the KAME
IPv6 stack. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.faithd.8; now supports a configuration file for
access control. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of
&man.gifconfig.8;. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of
&man.prefix.8;. &man.prefix.8; is now a shell script for
partial backwards compatibility. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.ndp.8; now implements garbage collection for stale
NDP entries, as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery for
IP Version 6 (IPv6)). &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pim6dd.8; and &man.pim6sd.8; have been removed due to
restrictive licensing conditions. These programs are available
in the ports collection as <port>net/pim6dd</port> and
<port>net/pim6sd</port>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.route6d.8; now supports an <option>-n</option> flag
to avoid updating the kernel forwarding table. &merged;</para>
<para>The <option>-R</option> (router renumbering) option to
&man.rtadvd.8; is currently ignored. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>OpenSSH</title>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated to
2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 protocol (now the
default) and DSA keys. &man.ssh-add.1; and &man.ssh-agent.1;
can now handle DSA keys, with support for authentication
forwarding. <application>OpenSSH</application> users in the
USA no longer need to rely on the restrictively-licensed
RSAREF toolkit which is required to handle RSA keys. Among
other new features: A client and server for sftp has been
added. &man.scp.1; can now handle files larger than 2 GBytes.
A limit on the number of outstanding, unauthenticated
connections in &man.sshd.8; has been added. Support has been
added for the Rijndael encryption algorithm. Rekeying of
existing sessions is now supported, and an experimental
<application>SOCKS4</application> proxy has been added to
&man.ssh.1;.</para>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> can now authenticate
using OPIE passwords in SSH1 mode. Support is not yet available
in SSH2 mode. &merged;</para>
<para><application>PAM</application> support for
<application>OpenSSH</application> has been added.</para>
<para>A long-standing bug in <application>OpenSSH</application>,
which sometimes resulted in a dropped session when an
X11-forwarded client was closed, was fixed.</para>
<para><application>Kerberos</application> compatibility has been
added to <application>OpenSSH</application>. &merged;</para>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been modified to be
more resistant to traffic analysis by requiring that
<quote>non-echoed</quote> characters are still echoed back in a
null packet, as well as by padding passwords sent so as not to
hint at password lengths. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sshd.8; is now enabled by default on new
installs. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.sshd.8; <literal>X11Forwarding</literal> is now turned
on by default on the server (any risk is to the client, where it
is already disabled by default). &merged;</para>
<para>In <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>, the
<literal>ConnectionsPerPeriod</literal> parameter has been
deprecated in favor of <literal>MaxStartups</literal>. &merged;</para>
<para><application>OpenSSH</application> now has a
<literal>VersionAddendum</literal> configuration setting for
&man.sshd.8; to allow changing the part of the
<application>OpenSSH</application> version string after the
main version number.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>OpenSSL</title>
<para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated to
0.9.6b.</para>
<para><application>OpenSSL</application> now has support for
machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by the new
<varname>MACHINE_CPU</varname> and/or <varname>CPUTYPE</varname>
<filename>make.conf</filename> variables. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>sendmail</title>
<para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated from
version 8.9.3 to version 8.11.6. Important changes include: new
default file locations (see
<filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</filename>);
&man.newaliases.1; is limited to <username>root</username> and
trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port (587) is
turned on by default. See
<filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</filename> for
more information. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.mail.local.8; is no longer installed as a SUID binary.
If you are using a <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> from
the default <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> included with &os;
any time after 3.1.0, you are fine. If you are using a
hand-configured <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> and
<command>mail.local</command> for delivery, check to make sure the
<literal>F=S</literal> flag is set on the
<literal>Mlocal</literal> line. Those with
<filename>.mc</filename> files who need to add the flag can do so
by adding the following line to their <filename>.mc</filename>
file and regenerating the <filename>sendmail.cf</filename>
file:</para>
<programlisting>MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl</programlisting>
<para>Note that <literal>FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</literal> already
does this. &merged;</para>
<para>The default <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename>
disables the SMTP <literal>EXPN</literal> and
<literal>VRFY</literal> commands. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.vacation.1; has been updated to use the version included with
<application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para>
<para>The <application>sendmail</application> configuration
building tools are installed in
<filename>/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</filename>. &merged;</para>
<para>New <filename>make.conf</filename> options:
<varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> and
<varname>SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</varname>. See
<filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename> for more
information. &merged;</para>
<para><filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename> now supports: the
new <varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> <filename>make.conf</filename>
option; the ability to build <filename>.cf</filename> files from
<filename>.mc</filename> files; generalized map rebuilding;
rebuilding the aliases file; and the ability to stop, start, and
restart <application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ports/Packages Collection</title>
<para><application>BSDPAN</application>, a collection of modules
that provides tighter integration of
<application>Perl</application> into the &os; Ports
Collection, has been added.</para>
<para>&man.pkg.create.1; and &man.pkg.add.1; can now work with
packages that have been compressed using
&man.bzip2.1;. &man.pkg.add.1; will use the PACKAGEROOT
environment variable to determine a mirror site for new
packages. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.create.1; now records dependencies in dependency
order rather than in the order specified on the command line.
This improves the functioning of <command>pkg_add
-r</command>. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.create.1; now supports a <option>-b</option> to
create a package file from a locally-installed
package. &merged;</para>
<para>When requested to delete multiple packages,
&man.pkg.delete.1; will now attempt to remove them in dependency
order rather than the order specified on the command
line. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.delete.1; now can perform glob/regexp matching of
package names. In addition, it supports a <option>-a</option>
option for removing all packages and a <option>-i</option> option
for &man.rm.1;-style interactive confirmation. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.info.1; now supports globbing against names of
installed packages. The <option>-G</option> option disables this
behavior, and the <option>-x</option> option causes regular
expression matching instead of shell globbing. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.info.1; can now accept a <option>-g</option> flag for
verifying an installed package against its recorded checksums (to
see if it's been modified post-installation). Naturally, this
mechanism is only as secure as the contents of
<filename>/var/db/pkg</filename> if it's to be used for auditing
purposes. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.sign.1; and &man.pkg.check.1; have been added to
digitally sign and verify the signatures on binary package
files. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.update.1;, a utility to update installed packages
and update their dependencies, has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.version.1; now has a version number comparison
routine that corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has a
<option>-t</option> option for testing address comparisons.
&merged;</para>
<para>&man.pkg.version.1; now takes a <option>-s</option> flag
to limit its operation to ports/packages matching a given
string. &merged;</para>
<para>Version numbers of installed packages have a new
(backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the
<varname>PORTREVISION</varname> and <varname>PORTEPOCH</varname>
variables in Ports Collection <filename>Makefile</filename>s.
These changes help keep track of changes in the ports collection
entries such as security patches or &os;-specific updates, which
aren't reflected in the original, third-party software
distributions. &man.pkg.version.1; can now compare these
new-style version numbers. &merged;</para>
<para>To improve performance and disk utilization, the <quote>ports
skeletons</quote> in the &os; Ports Collection have been restructured.
Installed ports and packages should not be affected. &merged;</para>
<para>All packages and ports now contain an <quote>origin</quote>
directive, which makes it easier for programs such as
&man.pkg.version.1; to determine the directory from which a
package was built. &merged;</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title>
<para>If you're upgrading from a previous release of &os;, you
generally will have three options:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Using the binary upgrade option of &man.sysinstall.8;.
This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes
that your installation of &os; uses no special compilation
options.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Performing a complete reinstall of &os;. Technically,
this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less
convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to
manually backup and restore the contents of
<filename>/etc</filename>. However, it may be useful in
cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of
your disks.
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>From source code in <filename>/usr/src</filename>. This
route is more flexible, but requires more disk space, time,
and more technical expertise. Upgrading from very old
versions of &os; may be problematic; in cases like this, it
is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a
complete reinstall.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Please read the <filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> file for more
information, preferably <emphasis>before</emphasis> beginning an
upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> as well.</para>
<para>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the
-STABLE or -CURRENT branches of &os;, please be sure to consult the
<ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/current-stable.html"><quote>-CURRENT
vs. -STABLE</quote></ulink> section of the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/">FreeBSD
Handbook</ulink>.</para>
<important>
<para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after
backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration
files.</para>
</important>
</sect1>
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