659 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
659 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.0//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.0/docbookx.dtd"
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[<!ENTITY mdash "—">]>
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<!--
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- Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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-
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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-
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- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
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- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
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- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
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- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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-->
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<!-- $Id: nsupdate.docbook,v 1.8.2.3.2.10 2005/05/12 21:36:03 sra Exp $ -->
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<refentry>
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<refentryinfo>
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<date>Jun 30, 2000</date>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>nsupdate</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<docinfo>
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<copyright>
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<year>2004</year>
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<year>2005</year>
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<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
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</copyright>
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<copyright>
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<year>2000</year>
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<year>2001</year>
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<year>2002</year>
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<year>2003</year>
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<holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
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</copyright>
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</docinfo>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>nsupdate</refname>
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<refpurpose>Dynamic DNS update utility</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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<arg><option>-d</option></arg>
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<group>
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<arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter">keyname:secret</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">keyfile</replaceable></option></arg>
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</group>
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<arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">timeout</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">udptimeout</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">udpretries</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg><option>-v</option></arg>
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<arg>filename</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136
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to a name server.
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This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
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without manually editing the zone file.
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A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than one
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resource record.
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</para>
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<para>
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Zones that are under dynamic control via
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
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Manual edits could
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conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
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</para>
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<para>
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The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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have to be in the same zone.
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Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
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This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
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</para>
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<para>
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The
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<option>-d</option>
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option makes
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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operate in debug mode.
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This provides tracing information about the update requests that are
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made and the replies received from the name server.
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</para>
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<para>
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Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS
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updates.
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These use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845 or the
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SIG(0) record described in RFC3535 and RFC2931.
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TSIG relies on a shared secret that should only be known to
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<command>nsupdate</command> and the name server.
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Currently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is
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HMAC-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104.
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Once other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to
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ensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when
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authenticating each other.
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For instance suitable
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<type>key</type>
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and
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<type>server</type>
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statements would be added to
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<filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>
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so that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key
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and algorithm with the IP address of the
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client application that will be using TSIG authentication.
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SIG(0) uses public key cryptography. To use a SIG(0) key, the public
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key must be stored in a KEY record in a zone served by the name server.
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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does not read
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<filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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uses the
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<option>-y</option>
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or
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<option>-k</option>
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option (with an HMAC-MD5 key) to provide the shared secret needed to generate
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a TSIG record for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests.
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These options are mutually exclusive.
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With the
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<option>-k</option>
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option,
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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reads the shared secret from the file
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<parameter>keyfile</parameter>,
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whose name is of the form
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<filename>K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</filename>.
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For historical
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reasons, the file
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<filename>K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</filename>
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must also be present. When the
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<option>-y</option>
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option is used, a signature is generated from
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<parameter>keyname:secret.</parameter>
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<parameter>keyname</parameter>
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is the name of the key,
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and
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<parameter>secret</parameter>
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is the base64 encoded shared secret.
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Use of the
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<option>-y</option>
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option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command
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line argument in clear text.
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This may be visible in the output from
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1
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</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>
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or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>-k</option> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
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to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
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specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
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large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
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The
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<option>-v</option>
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option makes
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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use a TCP connection.
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This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
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</para>
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<para>The <option>-t</option> option sets the maximum time a update request can
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take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used
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to disable the timeout.
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</para>
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<para>The <option>-u</option> option sets the UDP retry interval. The default is
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3 seconds. If zero the interval will be computed from the timeout interval
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and number of UDP retries.
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</para>
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<para>The <option>-r</option> option sets the number of UDP retries. The default is
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3. If zero only one update request will be made.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>INPUT FORMAT</title>
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<para>
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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reads input from
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<parameter>filename</parameter>
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or standard input.
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Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
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Some commands are for administrative purposes.
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The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
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contents of the zone.
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These checks set conditions that some name or set of
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resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
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These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
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Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions fail.
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</para>
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<para>
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Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
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and zero or more updates.
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This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
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specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
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A blank input line (or the <command>send</command> command) causes the
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accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
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name server.
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</para>
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<para>
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The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>server</command>
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<arg choice="req">servername</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">port</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
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<parameter>servername</parameter>.
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When no server statement is provided,
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
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The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the master
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server for that zone.
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<parameter>port</parameter>
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is the port number on
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<parameter>servername</parameter>
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where the dynamic update requests get sent.
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If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is
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used.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>local</command>
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<arg choice="req">address</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">port</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
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<parameter>address</parameter>.
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When no local statement is provided,
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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will send updates using an address and port chosen by the system.
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<parameter>port</parameter>
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can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific port.
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If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>zone</command>
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<arg choice="req">zonename</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
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<parameter>zonename</parameter>.
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If no
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<parameter>zone</parameter>
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statement is provided,
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<command>nsupdate</command>
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will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the rest of the input.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>class</command>
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<arg choice="req">classname</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specify the default class.
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If no <parameter>class</parameter> is specified the default class is
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<parameter>IN</parameter>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>key</command>
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<arg choice="req">name</arg>
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<arg choice="req">secret</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG signed using the
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<parameter>keyname</parameter> <parameter>keysecret</parameter> pair.
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The <command>key</command> command
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overrides any key specified on the command line via
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<option>-y</option> or <option>-k</option>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>prereq nxdomain</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>prereq yxdomain</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Requires that
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
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exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>prereq nxrrset</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="req">type</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
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<parameter>type</parameter>,
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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and
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
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If
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>prereq yxrrset</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="req">type</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This requires that a resource record of the specified
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<parameter>type</parameter>,
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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and
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
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must exist.
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If
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>prereq yxrrset</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="req">type</arg>
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<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">data</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The
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<parameter>data</parameter>
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from each set of prerequisites of this form
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sharing a common
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<parameter>type</parameter>,
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<parameter>class</parameter>,
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and
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
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are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
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exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
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given
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<parameter>type</parameter>,
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<parameter>class</parameter>,
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and
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
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The
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<parameter>data</parameter>
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are written in the standard text representation of the resource record's
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RDATA.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>update delete</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">ttl</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">type <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">data</arg></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Deletes any resource records named
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<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
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If
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<parameter>type</parameter>
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and
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<parameter>data</parameter>
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is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
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The internet class is assumed if
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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is not supplied. The
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<parameter>ttl</parameter>
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is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
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</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>update add</command>
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<arg choice="req">domain-name</arg>
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<arg choice="req">ttl</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">class</arg>
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<arg choice="req">type</arg>
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<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">data</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Adds a new resource record with the specified
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<parameter>ttl</parameter>,
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<parameter>class</parameter>
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and
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<parameter>data</parameter>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry><term>
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<cmdsynopsis>
|
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<command>show</command>
|
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</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</term>
|
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<listitem>
|
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<para>
|
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Displays the current message, containing all of the prerequisites and
|
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updates specified since the last send.
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</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry><term>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>send</command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</term>
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<listitem>
|
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<para>
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Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a blank line.
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</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry><term>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>answer</command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Displays the answer.
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</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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|
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<para>
|
|
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
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|
</para>
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|
|
</refsect1>
|
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|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>EXAMPLES</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The examples below show how
|
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<command>nsupdate</command>
|
|
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
|
|
<type>example.com</type>
|
|
zone.
|
|
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so that
|
|
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
|
|
master name server for
|
|
<type>example.com</type>.
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
# nsupdate
|
|
> update delete oldhost.example.com A
|
|
> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
|
|
> send
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Any A records for
|
|
<type>oldhost.example.com</type>
|
|
are deleted.
|
|
and an A record for
|
|
<type>newhost.example.com</type>
|
|
it IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
|
|
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds)
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
# nsupdate
|
|
> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
|
|
> update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
|
|
> send
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
|
|
are no resource records of any type for
|
|
<type>nickname.example.com</type>.
|
|
|
|
If there are, the update request fails.
|
|
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
|
|
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
|
|
long-standing rule in RFC1034 that a name must not exist as any other
|
|
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
|
|
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
|
|
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry><term><constant>/etc/resolv.conf</constant></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
used to identify default name server
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term><constant>K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</constant></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term><constant>K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</constant></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC2136</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC3007</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC2104</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC2845</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC1034</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC2535</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>RFC2931</refentrytitle>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>BUGS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
|
|
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
|
|
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
|
|
releases.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|