213 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
213 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)pwd_mkdb.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 5, 2014
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.Dt PWD_MKDB 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm pwd_mkdb
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.Nd "generate the password databases"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl BCilLNp
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.Op Fl d Ar directory
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.Op Fl s Ar cachesize
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.Op Fl u Ar username
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility creates
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.Xr db 3
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style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
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These databases are then installed into
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.Pa /etc/spwd.db
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and
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.Pa /etc/pwd.db
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respectively.
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The file is installed into
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.Pa /etc/master.passwd .
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The file must be in the correct format (see
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.Xr passwd 5 ) .
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It is important to note that the format used in this system is
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different from the historic Version 7 style format.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl C
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Check if the password file is in the correct format.
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Do not
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change, add, or remove any files.
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.It Fl N
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Tell
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.Nm
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to exit with an error if it cannot obtain a lock on the file.
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By default,
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we block waiting for a lock on the source file.
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The lock is held through
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the rebuilding of the database.
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.It Fl p
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Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
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.Pa /etc/passwd .
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.It Fl i
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Ignore locking failure of the
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.Pa master.passwd
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file.
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This option is intended to be used to build password files in
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the release process over NFS where no contention can happen.
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A non-default directory must also be specified with the
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.Fl d
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option for locking to be ignored.
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Other use of this option is strongly discouraged.
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.It Fl d Ar directory
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Store databases into specified destination directory instead of
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.Pa /etc .
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.It Fl u Ar username
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Only update the record for the specified user.
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Utilities that
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operate on a single user can use this option to avoid the
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overhead of rebuilding the entire database.
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.It Fl s Ar cachesize
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Specify in megabytes the size of the memory cache used by the
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hashing library.
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On systems with a large user base, a small cache
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size can lead to prohibitively long database file rebuild times.
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As a rough guide, the memory usage of
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.Nm
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in megabytes will be a little bit more than twice the figure
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specified here.
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The default is 2 megabytes.
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.El
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.Pp
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The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
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encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk (``*'')
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.Pp
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The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
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.Xr getpwent 3 ) .
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.Pp
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By default,
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the
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.Nm
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utility generates new,
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machine independent format
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.Pq v4
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entries only.
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For compatibility with
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.Fx 5.0
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and earlier releases,
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the
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.Fl l
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option may be specified,
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which enables generation of legacy format
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.Pq v3
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entries.
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The legacy format entries are endianness dependent.
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.Pp
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The following options may be specified and will affect the
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generation of legacy entries.
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl B
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Store data in big-endian format.
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.It Fl L
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Store data in little-endian format.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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If the
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.Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS
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environment variable is set,
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.Nm
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will suppress the warning messages that are
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normally generated for large user and group IDs.
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Such IDs can cause serious problems with software
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that makes assumptions about the values of IDs.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db
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The insecure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db
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The secure password database file.
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.It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
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A temporary file.
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The current password file.
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Regenerate the password database after manually editing or replacing
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the password file:
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.Bd -literal -offset -indent
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/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -p /etc/master.passwd
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.Ed
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
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.Nm ,
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.Xr mkpasswd 8 ,
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which built
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.Xr dbm 3
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style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
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to install them.
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The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
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not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr db 3 ,
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.Xr getpwent 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Sh BUGS
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Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr rename 2
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to install them.
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This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
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on the same file system as the
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.Pa /etc
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directory.
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.Pp
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There are the obvious races with multiple people running
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.Nm
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on different password files at the same time.
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The front-ends to
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.Nm ,
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1
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and
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.Xr vipw 8 ,
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handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.
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