438 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
438 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
You can think of a module as the fundamental unit of reusable Perl
|
|
code; See L<perlmod> for details. Whenever anyone creates a chunk
|
|
of Perl code that they think will be useful to the world, they
|
|
register as a Perl developer at
|
|
http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/04pause.html so that they can then
|
|
upload their code to CPAN. CPAN is the Comprehensive Perl Archive
|
|
Network and can be accessed at http://www.perl.com/CPAN/, or searched
|
|
via http://cpan.perl.com/ and
|
|
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
|
|
|
|
This documentation is for people who want to download CPAN modules
|
|
and install them on their own computer.
|
|
|
|
=head2 PREAMBLE
|
|
|
|
You have a file ending in F<.tar.gz> (or, less often, F<.zip>).
|
|
You know there's a tasty module inside. You must now take four
|
|
steps:
|
|
|
|
=over 5
|
|
|
|
=item B<DECOMPRESS> the file
|
|
|
|
=item B<UNPACK> the file into a directory
|
|
|
|
=item B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary)
|
|
|
|
=item B<INSTALL> the module.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
Here's how to perform each step for each operating system. This is
|
|
I<not> a substitute for reading the README and INSTALL files that
|
|
might have come with your module!
|
|
|
|
Also note that these instructions are tailored for installing the
|
|
module into your system's repository of Perl modules. But you can
|
|
install modules into any directory you wish. For instance, where I
|
|
say C<perl Makefile.PL>, you can substitute C<perl
|
|
Makefile.PL PREFIX=/my/perl_directory> to install the modules
|
|
into C</my/perl_directory>. Then you can use the modules
|
|
from your Perl programs with C<use lib
|
|
"/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl"> or sometimes just C<use
|
|
"/my/perl_directory">.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're on Unix,>
|
|
|
|
You can use Andreas Koenig's CPAN module
|
|
(which comes standard with Perl, or can itself be downloaded
|
|
from http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN)
|
|
to automate the following steps, from DECOMPRESS through INSTALL.
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz>
|
|
|
|
You can get gzip from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu.
|
|
|
|
Or, you can combine this step with the next to save disk space:
|
|
|
|
gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof -
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
Unpack the result with C<tar -xof yourmodule.tar>
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Go into the newly-created directory and type:
|
|
|
|
perl Makefile.PL
|
|
make
|
|
make test
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
While still in that directory, type:
|
|
|
|
make install
|
|
|
|
Make sure you have appropriate permissions to install the module
|
|
in your Perl 5 library directory. Often, you'll need to be root.
|
|
|
|
Perl maintains a record of all module installations. To look at
|
|
this list, simply type:
|
|
|
|
perldoc perllocal
|
|
|
|
That's all you need to do on Unix systems with dynamic linking.
|
|
Most Unix systems have dynamic linking--if yours doesn't, or if for
|
|
another reason you have a statically-linked perl, I<and> the
|
|
module requires compilation, you'll need to build a new Perl binary
|
|
that includes the module. Again, you'll probably need to be root.
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're running Windows 95 or NT with the ActiveState port of Perl>
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
You can use the shareware B<Winzip> program ( http://www.winzip.com ) to
|
|
decompress and unpack modules.
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
If you used WinZip, this was already done for you.
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Does the module require compilation (i.e. does it have files
|
|
that end in .xs, .c, .h, .y, .cc, .cxx, or .C)? If it does, you're on
|
|
your own. You can try compiling it yourself if you have a C compiler.
|
|
If you're successful, consider uploading the resulting binary to
|
|
CPAN for others to use. If it doesn't, go to INSTALL.
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
Copy the module into your Perl's I<lib> directory. That'll be one
|
|
of the directories you see when you type
|
|
|
|
perl -e 'print "@INC"'
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're running Windows 95 or NT with the core Windows distribution of Perl,>
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
When you download the module, make sure it ends in either
|
|
F<.tar.gz> or F<.zip>. Windows browsers sometimes
|
|
download C<.tar.gz> files as C<_tar.tar>, because
|
|
early versions of Windows prohibited more than one dot in a filename.
|
|
|
|
You can use the shareware B<WinZip> program ( http://www.winzip.com ) to
|
|
decompress and unpack modules.
|
|
|
|
Or, you can use InfoZip's C<unzip> utility (
|
|
http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/ ) to uncompress C<.zip> files; type
|
|
C<unzip yourmodule.zip> in your shell.
|
|
|
|
Or, if you have a working C<tar> and C<gzip>, you can
|
|
type
|
|
|
|
gzip -cd yourmodule.tar.gz | tar xvf -
|
|
|
|
in the shell to decompress C<yourmodule.tar.gz>. This will
|
|
UNPACK your module as well.
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
The methods in DECOMPRESS will have done this for you.
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Go into the newly-created directory and type:
|
|
|
|
perl Makefile.PL
|
|
dmake
|
|
dmake test
|
|
|
|
Depending on your perl configuration, C<dmake> might not be
|
|
available. You might have to substitute whatever C<perl
|
|
-V:make> says. (Usually, that will be C<nmake> or
|
|
C<make>.)
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
While still in that directory, type:
|
|
|
|
dmake install
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're using a Macintosh,>
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
In general, all Macintosh decompression utilities mentioned here
|
|
can be found in the Info-Mac Hyperarchive
|
|
( http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive.html ).
|
|
Specificly the "Commpress & Translate" listing
|
|
( http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Abstracts/cmp/HyperArchive.html ).
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can either use the shareware B<StuffIt Expander> program
|
|
( http://www.aladdinsys.com/expander/ )
|
|
in combination with I<DropStuff with Expander Enhancer>
|
|
( http://www.aladdinsys.com/dropstuff/ )
|
|
or the freeware B<MacGzip> program (
|
|
http://persephone.cps.unizar.es/general/gente/spd/gzip/gzip.html ).
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
If you're using DropStuff or Stuffit, you can just extract the tar
|
|
archive. Otherwise, you can use the freeware B<suntar> or I<Tar> (
|
|
http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/ ).
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Does the module require compilation?
|
|
|
|
1. If it does,
|
|
|
|
Overview: You need MPW and a combination of new and old CodeWarrior
|
|
compilers for MPW and libraries. Makefiles created for building under
|
|
MPW use Metrowerks compilers. It's most likely possible to build
|
|
without other compilers, but it has not been done successfully, to our
|
|
knowledge. Read the documentation in I<MacPerl: Power and Ease> (
|
|
http://www.ptf.com/macperl/ ) on porting/building extensions, or find
|
|
an existing precompiled binary, or hire someone to build it for you.
|
|
|
|
Or, ask someone on the mac-perl mailing list (mac-perl@iis.ee.ethz.ch)
|
|
to build it for you. To subscribe to the mac-perl mailing list, send
|
|
mail to mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch.
|
|
|
|
2. If the module doesn't require compilation, go to INSTALL.
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
Make sure the newlines for the modules are in Mac format, not Unix format.
|
|
If they are not then you might have decompressed them incorrectly. Check
|
|
your decompression and unpacking utilities settings to make sure they are
|
|
translating text files properly.
|
|
|
|
As a last resort, you can use the perl one-liner:
|
|
|
|
perl -i.bak -pe 's/(?:\015)?\012/\015/g' <filenames>
|
|
|
|
on the source files.
|
|
|
|
Move the files manually into the correct folders.
|
|
|
|
Move the files to their final destination: This will
|
|
most likely be in C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> (i.e.,
|
|
C<HD:MacPerl folder:site_lib:>). You can add new paths to
|
|
the default C<@INC> in the Preferences menu item in the
|
|
MacPerl application (C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> is added
|
|
automagically). Create whatever directory structures are required
|
|
(i.e., for C<Some::Module>, create
|
|
C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:Some:> and put
|
|
C<Module.pm> in that directory).
|
|
|
|
Run the following script (or something like it):
|
|
|
|
#!perl -w
|
|
use AutoSplit;
|
|
my $dir = "${MACPERL}site_perl";
|
|
autosplit("$dir:Some:Module.pm", "$dir:auto", 0, 1, 1);
|
|
|
|
Eventually there should be a way to automate the installation process; some
|
|
solutions exist, but none are ready for the general public yet.
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're on the DJGPP port of DOS,>
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
djtarx ( ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2/ )
|
|
will both uncompress and unpack.
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
See above.
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Go into the newly-created directory and type:
|
|
|
|
perl Makefile.PL
|
|
make
|
|
make test
|
|
|
|
You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos>
|
|
in the Perl distribution.
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
While still in that directory, type:
|
|
|
|
make install
|
|
|
|
You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos> in the Perl distribution.
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're on OS/2,>
|
|
|
|
Get the EMX development suite and gzip/tar, from either Hobbes (
|
|
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu ) or Leo ( http://www.leo.org ), and then follow
|
|
the instructions for Unix.
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're on VMS,>
|
|
|
|
When downloading from CPAN, save your file with a F<.tgz>
|
|
extension instead of F<.tar.gz>. All other periods in the
|
|
filename should be replaced with underscores. For example,
|
|
C<Your-Module-1.33.tar.gz> should be downloaded as
|
|
C<Your-Module-1_33.tgz>.
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
Type
|
|
|
|
gzip -d Your-Module.tgz
|
|
|
|
or, for zipped modules, type
|
|
|
|
unzip Your-Module.zip
|
|
|
|
Executables for gzip, zip, and VMStar ( Alphas:
|
|
http://www.openvms.digital.com/freeware/000TOOLS/ALPHA/ and Vaxen:
|
|
http://www.openvms.digital.com/freeware/000TOOLS/VAX/ ).
|
|
|
|
gzip and tar
|
|
are also available at ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS.
|
|
|
|
Note that GNU's gzip/gunzip is not the same as Info-ZIP's zip/unzip
|
|
package. The former is a simple compression tool; the latter permits
|
|
creation of multi-file archives.
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
If you're using VMStar:
|
|
|
|
VMStar xf Your-Module.tar
|
|
|
|
Or, if you're fond of VMS command syntax:
|
|
|
|
tar/extract/verbose Your_Module.tar
|
|
|
|
C. BUILD
|
|
|
|
Make sure you have MMS (from Digital) or the freeware MMK ( available from MadGoat at http://www.madgoat.com ). Then type this to create the
|
|
DESCRIP.MMS for the module:
|
|
|
|
perl Makefile.PL
|
|
|
|
Now you're ready to build:
|
|
|
|
mms
|
|
mms test
|
|
|
|
Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK.
|
|
|
|
D. INSTALL
|
|
|
|
Type
|
|
|
|
mms install
|
|
|
|
Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK.
|
|
|
|
=item *
|
|
|
|
B<If you're on MVS>,
|
|
|
|
Introduce the F<.tar.gz> file into an HFS as binary; don't translate from
|
|
ASCII to EBCDIC.
|
|
|
|
A. DECOMPRESS
|
|
|
|
Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz>
|
|
|
|
You can get gzip from
|
|
http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html.
|
|
|
|
B. UNPACK
|
|
|
|
Unpack the result with
|
|
|
|
pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < yourmodule.tar
|
|
|
|
The BUILD and INSTALL steps are identical to those for Unix. Some
|
|
modules generate Makefiles that work better with GNU make, which is
|
|
available from http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 HEY
|
|
|
|
If you have any suggested changes for this page, let me know. Please
|
|
don't send me mail asking for help on how to install your modules.
|
|
There are too many modules, and too few Orwants, for me to be able to
|
|
answer or even acknowledge all your questions. Contact the module
|
|
author instead, or post to comp.lang.perl.modules, or ask someone
|
|
familiar with Perl on your operating system.
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
Jon Orwant
|
|
|
|
orwant@tpj.com
|
|
|
|
The Perl Journal, http://tpj.com
|
|
|
|
with invaluable help from Brandon Allbery, Charles Bailey, Graham
|
|
Barr, Dominic Dunlop, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Ben Holzman, Tom Horsley,
|
|
Nick Ing-Simmons, Tuomas J. Lukka, Laszlo Molnar, Chris Nandor, Alan
|
|
Olsen, Peter Prymmer, Gurusamy Sarathy, Christoph Spalinger, Dan
|
|
Sugalski, Larry Virden, and Ilya Zakharevich.
|
|
|
|
July 22, 1998
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 1998 Jon Orwant. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
|
documentation provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
|
|
preserved on all copies.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
|
|
that they are marked clearly as modified versions, that the authors'
|
|
names and title are unchanged (though subtitles and additional
|
|
authors' names may be added), and that the entire resulting derived
|
|
work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical
|
|
to this one.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
|
|
documentation into another language, under the above conditions for
|
|
modified versions.
|
|
|