e29f7c9bfd
instructions on installing and running Mathematica's Linux binary. Written by Brian N. Handy, Chuck Robey and myself. Reviewed by: jordan
664 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
664 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
<!-- $Id: $ -->
|
|
<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
|
|
|
|
<chapt><heading>Linux Emulation<label id="linuxemu"></heading>
|
|
|
|
<p><em>Contributed by &a.brian and &a.rich;</em>
|
|
|
|
<sect><heading>How to install the Linux emulator</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Linux emulation in FreeBSD has reached a point where it's possible
|
|
to run a large fraction of Linux binaries in both a.out and ELF
|
|
format. The linux emulation in the -STABLE branch is capable of
|
|
running Linux DOOM and Mathematica; the version present in
|
|
FreeBSD-CURRENT is vastly more capable and runs all these as well as
|
|
Quake, Abuse, IDL, netrek for Linux and a whole host of other
|
|
programs.
|
|
|
|
There are some Linux-specific operating system features that are not
|
|
supported on FreeBSD. Linux binaries will not work on FreeBSD if they
|
|
use the Linux /proc filesystem (which is different from the optional
|
|
FreeBSD /proc filesystem) or i386-specific calls, such as enabling
|
|
virtual 8086 mode.
|
|
|
|
<p>To tell whether your kernel is configured for Linux
|
|
compatibility simply run any Linux binary. If it
|
|
prints the error message
|
|
<verb>
|
|
linux-executable: Exec format error. Wrong Architecture.
|
|
</verb>
|
|
then you do not have linux compatibility support and
|
|
you need to configure and install a new kernel.
|
|
|
|
Depending on which version of FreeBSD you are running, how you get
|
|
Linux-emulation up will vary slightly:
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Emulation in 2.1-STABLE</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>The GENERIC kernel in 2.1-stable is not configured for linux
|
|
compatibility so you you must reconfigure your kernel for it. There
|
|
are two ways to do this: 1. linking the emulator statically in the
|
|
kernel itself and 2. configuring your kernel to dynamically load the
|
|
linux loadable kernel module (LKM).
|
|
|
|
<p>To enable the emulator, add the following to your configuration file
|
|
(c.f. /sys/i386/conf/LINT):
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
options "COMPAT_LINUX"
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
If you want to run doom or other applications
|
|
that need shared memory
|
|
also add the following.
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
options SYSVSHM
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
The linux system calls require 4.3 BSD system call compatibility. So
|
|
make sure you have the following.
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
options "COMPAT_43"
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
If you prefer to statically link the emulator in the kernel rather than
|
|
use the loadable kernel module (LKM), then add
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
options LINUX
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
Then run config and install the new kernel as described in the
|
|
<ref id="kernelconfig:config" name="Configuration File">
|
|
section.
|
|
|
|
If you decide to use the LKM you must also install the loadable
|
|
module. A mismatch of versions between the kernel and loadable
|
|
module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to
|
|
reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel.
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
cd /usr/src/lkm/linux
|
|
make all install
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
linux
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
as root to load the LKM. To see whether the LKM is loaded, run
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
modstat
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
which should produce output something like this.
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name
|
|
EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 linux_emulator
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of
|
|
two ways. On FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE enable it in
|
|
/etc/sysconfig
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
linux=YES
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
by changing it from NO to YES. FreeBSD 2.1 RELEASE and earlier do not
|
|
have such a line and on those you will need to edit /etc/rc.local to
|
|
add the following line.
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
linux
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Emulation in 2.2-CURRENT</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>In -current it is no longer necessary to specify options "LINUX"
|
|
or options "COMPAT_LINUX". Linux emulation is done with an LKM
|
|
(``Loadable Kernel Module'') so it can be installed on the fly without
|
|
having to reboot. You'll need the following things in your startup files,
|
|
however:
|
|
<enum>
|
|
<item> In <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>, you need the following line:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
linux=YES
|
|
</verb>
|
|
<item> This, in turn, triggers the following action in <tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt>:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
# Start the Linux binary emulation if requested.
|
|
if [ "X${linux}" = X"YES" ]; then
|
|
echo -n ' '; linux
|
|
# XXX BOGUS - Linux script shouldn't make any output on success
|
|
fi
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</enum>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you want to verify it's running, <tt>modstat</tt> will do that:
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
% modstat
|
|
Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name
|
|
EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 linux_mod
|
|
%
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
However, there have been reports that this fails on some
|
|
FreeBSD-current systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux
|
|
LKM, then statically link the emulator in the kernel by adding
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
options LINUX
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
to your kernel config file. Then run config and install the new
|
|
kernel as described in <ref id="kernelconfig:Building" name="Building
|
|
and Installing a Custom Kernel">.
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Installing Linux Runtime Libraries</heading>
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>Installing using the linux_lib port</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Most linux applications use shared libraries, so you're still not
|
|
done untill you install the shared libraries. It's possible to do
|
|
this by hand, however, it's vastly simpler to just grab the
|
|
<tt>linux_lib</tt> port:
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
% cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib
|
|
% make all install
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
and you should have a working linux emulator. Legend (and the mail
|
|
archives :-) seems to hold that Linux emulation works best with
|
|
linux binaries linked against the ZMAGIC libraries; QMAGIC libraries
|
|
(such as those used in Slackware V2.0) may tend to give the
|
|
Linuxulator heartburn. As of this writing (March 1996) ELF emulation
|
|
is still in the formulative stages but seems to work pretty well. Also,
|
|
expect some programs to complain about incorrect minor versions. In
|
|
general this doesn't seem to be a problem.
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>Installing libraries manually</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you don't have the ``ports'' distribution, you can install the
|
|
libraries by hand instead. You'll need the Linux shared libraries
|
|
that the program depends on and the runtime linker. Also, you will
|
|
need to create a "shadow root" directory, /compat/linux, for Linux
|
|
libraries on your FreeBSD system. Any shared libraries opened by
|
|
Linux programs run under FreeBSD will look in this tree first. So, if
|
|
a Linux program loads, for example, /lib/libc.so, FreeBSD will first
|
|
try to open /compat/linux/lib/libc.so, and if that does not exist then
|
|
it will try /lib/libc.so. Shared libraries should be installed in the
|
|
shadow tree /compat/linux/lib rather than the paths that the Linux
|
|
ld.so reports.
|
|
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD-current works slightly differently with respect to
|
|
/compat/linux. On -current, all files, not just libraries, are
|
|
searched for from the ``shadow root'' /compat/linux.
|
|
|
|
Generally, you will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux
|
|
binaries depend on only the first few times that you install a Linux
|
|
program on your FreeBSD system. After a while, you will have a sufficient
|
|
set of Linux shared libraries on your system to be able to run newly
|
|
imported Linux binaries without any extra work.
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>How to install additional shared libraries</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>What if you install the linux_lib port and your application still
|
|
complains about missing shared libraries? How do you know which
|
|
shared libraries Linux binaries need, and where to get them?
|
|
Basically, there are 2 possibilities (when following these
|
|
instructions: you will need to be root on your FreeBSD system to do
|
|
the necessary installation steps).
|
|
|
|
<p>If you have access to a Linux system, see what shared libraries
|
|
it needs, and copy them to your FreeBSD system. Example: you have
|
|
just ftp'ed the Linux binary of Doom. Put it on the Linux
|
|
system you have access to, and check which shared libraries it
|
|
needs by running `ldd linuxxdoom':
|
|
|
|
<verb>
|
|
% ldd linuxxdoom
|
|
libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
|
|
libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
|
|
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>You would need go get all the files from the last column, and
|
|
put them under /compat/linux, with the names in the first column
|
|
as symbolic links pointing to them. This means you eventually have
|
|
these files on your FreeBSD system:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
|
|
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
|
|
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
|
|
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that if you already have a Linux shared library with a
|
|
matching major revision number to the first column of the 'ldd'
|
|
output, you won't need to copy the file named in the last column to
|
|
your system, the one you already have should work. It is advisable to
|
|
copy the shared library anyway if it is a newer version, though. You
|
|
can remove the old one, as long as you make the symbolic link point to
|
|
the new one. So, if you have these libraries on your system:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
and you find a new binary that claims to require a later version
|
|
according to the output of ldd:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
If it's only one or two versions out of date in the in the trailing
|
|
digit then don't worry about copying /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 too, because
|
|
the program should work fine with the slightly older version.
|
|
However, if you like you can decide to replace the libc.so anyway, and
|
|
that should leave you with:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>Please note that the symbolic link mechanism is <em>only</em>
|
|
needed for Linux binaries, the FreeBSD runtime linker takes care of
|
|
looking for matching major revision numbers itself, you don't need to
|
|
worry about that.
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>Configuring the ld.so -- for FreeBSD-current
|
|
only</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>This section applies only to FreeBSD-current only. Those running
|
|
FreeBSD-stable should skip this section.
|
|
|
|
<p>Finally, if you run FreeBSD-current you must make sure that you
|
|
have the Linux runtime linker and its config files on your system. You
|
|
should copy these files from the Linux system to their appropriate
|
|
place on your FreeBSD system (to the /compat/linux tree):
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/ld.so
|
|
/compat/linux/etc/ld.so.config
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you don't have access to a Linux system, you should get the
|
|
extra files you need from various ftp sites. Information on where to
|
|
look for the various files is appended below. For now, let's assume
|
|
you know where to get the files.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Retrieve the following files (all from the same ftp site to avoid any
|
|
version mismatches), and install them under /compat/linux
|
|
(i.e. /foo/bar is installed as /compat/linux/foo/bar):
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/sbin/ldconfig
|
|
/usr/bin/ldd
|
|
/lib/libc.so.x.y.z
|
|
/lib/ld.so
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>ldconfig and ldd don't necessarily need to be under /compat/linux,
|
|
you can install them elsewhere in the system too. Just make sure they
|
|
don't conflict with their FreeBSD counterparts. A good idea would be
|
|
to install them in /usr/local/bin as ldconfig-linux and ldd-linux.
|
|
<p>
|
|
Create the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.conf, containing the
|
|
directories in which the Linux runtime linker should look
|
|
for shared libs. It is a plain text file, containing a directory
|
|
name on each line. /lib and /usr/lib are standard, you could
|
|
add the following:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/usr/X11/lib
|
|
/usr/local/lib
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>When a linux binary opens a library such as /lib/libc.so the
|
|
emulator maps the name to /compat/linux/lib/libc.so internally. All
|
|
linux libraries should be installed under /compat/linux (e.g.
|
|
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so, /compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so, etc.)
|
|
in order for the emulator to find them.
|
|
|
|
<p>Those running FreeBSD-current should run the Linux ldconfig program.
|
|
<verb>
|
|
% cd /compat/linux/lib
|
|
% /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>Ldconfig is statically linked, so it doesn't need any shared
|
|
libraries to run. It creates the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache
|
|
which contains the names of all the shared libraries. It should rerun
|
|
to recreate this file whenever you install additional shared
|
|
libraries.
|
|
|
|
On FreeBSD-stable do not install /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache or run
|
|
ldconfig becuase in FreeBSD-stable the syscalls are implemented
|
|
differently and ldconfig isn't needed or used.
|
|
|
|
<p>You should now be set up for Linux binaries which only need a
|
|
shared libc. You can test this by running the Linux ldd on
|
|
itself. Suppose that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should
|
|
produce something like:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
% ldd-linux `which ldd-linux`
|
|
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>This being done, you are ready to install new Linux binaries.
|
|
Whenever you install a new Linux program, you should check if it needs
|
|
shared libraries, and if so, whether you have them installed in the
|
|
/compat/linux tree. To do this, you run the Linux version ldd on the
|
|
new program, and watch its output. ldd (see also the manual page for
|
|
ldd(1)) will print a list of shared libraries that the program depends
|
|
on, in the form majorname (jumpversion) => fullname.
|
|
|
|
<p>If it prints "not found" in stead of fullname it means that you
|
|
need an extra library. Which library this is, is shown in majorname,
|
|
which will be of the form libXXXX.so.N You will need to find a
|
|
libXXXX.so.N.mm on a Linux ftp site, and install it on your
|
|
system. The XXXX (name) and N (major revision number) should match;
|
|
the minor number(s) mm are less important, though it is advised to
|
|
take the most recent version.
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Configuring the host name resolver</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>If DNS does not work or you get the messages
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword
|
|
resolv+: "hosts" is an invalid keyword
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
then you need to configure a /compat/linux/etc/host.conf file
|
|
containing:
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
order hosts, bind
|
|
multi on
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
where the order here specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and
|
|
DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/host.conf isn't
|
|
installed linux applications find FreeBSD's /etc/host.conf and
|
|
complain about the incompatible FreeBSD syntax. You should remove
|
|
`bind,' if you have not configured a name-server using the
|
|
/etc/resolv.conf file.
|
|
|
|
<p>Lastly, those who run FreeBSD-stable need to set an the
|
|
RESOLV_HOST_CONF environment variable so that applications will know
|
|
how to search the host tables. If you run FreeBSD-current you can
|
|
skip this. For the /bin/csh shell use:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
setenv RESOLV_HOST_CONF /compat/linux/etc/host.conf
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
For /bin/sh use:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Finding the necessary files</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note: the information below is valid as of the time this document
|
|
was written, but certain details such as names of ftp sites,
|
|
directories and distribution names may have changed by the time you
|
|
read this.
|
|
|
|
<p>Linux is distributed by several groups that make their own set
|
|
of binaries that they distribute. Each distribution has its own
|
|
name, like ``Slackware'' or ``Yggdrasil''. The distributions are
|
|
available on a lot of ftp sites. Sometimes the files are unpacked,
|
|
and you can get the individual files you need, but mostly they
|
|
are stored in distribution sets, usually consisting of subdirectories
|
|
with gzipped tar files in them. The primary ftp sites for the
|
|
distributions are:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions
|
|
tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/distributions
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Some European mirrors:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
ftp.luth.se:/pub/linux/distributions
|
|
ftp.demon.co.uk:/pub/linux/distributions
|
|
src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/packages/linux/distributions
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<p>For simplicity, let's concentrate on Slackware here. This
|
|
distribution consists of a number of subdirectories, containing
|
|
separate packages. Normally, they're controlled by an install
|
|
program, but you can retrieve files "by hand" too. First of all, you
|
|
will need to look in the "contents" subdir of the distribution. You
|
|
will find a lot of small text files here describing the contents of the
|
|
separate packages. The fastest way to look something up is to retrieve
|
|
all the files in the contents subdirectory, and grep through them for
|
|
the file you need. Here is an example of a list of files that you
|
|
might need, and in which contents-file you will find it by grepping
|
|
through them:
|
|
<tabular ca=ll>
|
|
Library <colsep>Package <rowsep>
|
|
ld.so <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
|
ldconfig <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
|
ldd <colsep>ldso <rowsep>
|
|
libc.so.4 <colsep>shlibs <rowsep>
|
|
libX11.so.6.0 <colsep>xf_lib <rowsep>
|
|
libXt.so.6.0 <colsep>xf_lib <rowsep>
|
|
libX11.so.3 <colsep>oldlibs <rowsep>
|
|
libXt.so.3 <colsep>oldlibs <rowsep>
|
|
</tabular>
|
|
|
|
<p>So, in this case, you will need the packages ldso, shlibs, xf_lib
|
|
and oldlibs. In each of the contents-files for these packages, look
|
|
for a line saying ``PACKAGE LOCATION'', it will tell you on which `disk'
|
|
the package is, in our case it will tell us in which subdirectory we
|
|
need to look. For our example, we would find the following locations:
|
|
<tabular ca=ll>
|
|
Package <colsep>Location <rowsep>
|
|
ldso <colsep>diska2 <rowsep>
|
|
shlibs <colsep>diska2 <rowsep>
|
|
oldlibs <colsep>diskx6 <rowsep>
|
|
xf_lib <colsep>diskx9 <rowsep>
|
|
</tabular>
|
|
|
|
<p>The locations called ``diskXX'' refer to the ``slakware/XX''
|
|
subdirectories of the distribution, others may be found in the
|
|
``contrib'' subdirectory. In this case, we could now retrieve the
|
|
packages we need by retrieving the following files (relative to
|
|
the root of the Slackware distribution tree):
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
slakware/a2/ldso.tgz
|
|
slakware/a2/shlibs.tgz
|
|
slakware/x6/oldlibs/tgz
|
|
slakware/x9/xf_lib.tgz
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
|
|
<p>Extract the files from these gzipped tarfiles in your
|
|
<tt>/compat/linux</tt> directory (possibly omitting or afterwards
|
|
removing files you don't need), and you are done.
|
|
|
|
<p><bf>See also:</bf>
|
|
<verb>
|
|
ftp.freebsd.org:pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE/xperimnt/linux-emu/README
|
|
|
|
/usr/src/sys/i386/ibcs2/README.iBCS2
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<sect><heading>How to Install Mathematica on FreeBSD<label id="mathematica"></heading>
|
|
|
|
<p><em>Contributed by &a.rich and &a.chuck</em>
|
|
|
|
This document shows how to install the Linux binary
|
|
distribution of Mathematica 2.2 on FreeBSD 2.1.
|
|
|
|
<p>Mathematica supports Linux but not FreeBSD as it stands. So once
|
|
you have configured your system for Linux compatibility you have most
|
|
of what you need to run Mathematica.
|
|
|
|
<p>For those who already have the student edition of
|
|
Mathematica for DOS the cost of upgrading to the Linux
|
|
version at the time this was written, March 1996, was
|
|
$45.00. It can be ordered directly from Wolfram at
|
|
(217) 398-6500 and paid for by credit card.
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Unpacking the Mathematica distribution</heading>
|
|
<p>The binaries are currently distributed by Wolfram on
|
|
CDROM. The CDROM has about a dozen tar files, each of
|
|
which is a binary distribution for one of the supported
|
|
architectures. The one for Linux is named LINUX.TAR.
|
|
You can, for example, unpack this into
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
cd /usr/local
|
|
mkdir Mathematica
|
|
cd Mathematica
|
|
tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Obtaining your Mathematica Password</heading>
|
|
<p>Before you can run Mathematica you will have to obtain
|
|
a password from Wolfram that corresponds to your
|
|
`machine ID.'
|
|
|
|
<p>Once you have installed the linux compatibility runtime
|
|
libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain
|
|
the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in
|
|
the Install directory:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install
|
|
mathinfo
|
|
</verb>
|
|
this will print out something like:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=3D3, typ=3D0x89(=89), num=3D0x27 not implemented
|
|
richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu=099845-03452-90255
|
|
</verb>
|
|
where '9845-03452-90255' is your 'machine ID'. You can
|
|
ignore the message about the ioctl that is not
|
|
implemented. It won't prevent Mathematica from running
|
|
in any way and you can safely ignore it, though you
|
|
will see the message every time you run Mathematica.
|
|
|
|
<p>When you register with Wolfram, either by email, phone
|
|
or fax, you'll give them the 'machine ID' and they will
|
|
respond with a corresponding password consisting of
|
|
groups of numbers. You need to add them both along
|
|
with the machine name and license number in your
|
|
mathpass file.
|
|
|
|
You can do this by invoking:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install
|
|
math.install
|
|
</verb>
|
|
It will ask you to enter your license number and the
|
|
Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or
|
|
for some reason the math.install fails, That's OK,
|
|
because you can simply edit the file 'mathpass' in this
|
|
same directory to correct the info manually.
|
|
|
|
<p>After getting past the password, math.install will ask
|
|
you if you accept their canned install defaults, or if
|
|
you want to use your own. If you are like us and
|
|
distrust all install programs, you probably want to
|
|
specify the actual directories. Beware. Although the
|
|
math.install program asks you to specify directories,
|
|
it won't create them for you, so you should perhaps
|
|
have a second window open with another shell so that
|
|
you can create them before you give them to the install
|
|
program. Or, if it fails, you
|
|
can create the directories and then restart the
|
|
math.install program. The directories we chose to
|
|
create beforehand and specify to math.install were:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin for binaries
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/man/man1 for man pages
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11 for the XKeysymb file
|
|
</verb>
|
|
You can also tell it to use /tmp/math.record for the
|
|
system record file, where it puts logs of sessions.
|
|
After this math.install will continue on to
|
|
unpacking things and placing everything where it should
|
|
go.
|
|
|
|
<p>The Mathematica Notebook feature is included separately,
|
|
as the X Front End, and you have to install it separately.
|
|
To get the X Front End stuff correctly installed, cd
|
|
into the /usr/local/Mathematica/FrontEnd directory and
|
|
executed the ./xfe.install shell script. You'll have
|
|
to tell it where to put things, but you don't have to
|
|
create any directories because it uses all the same
|
|
directories that had been created for math.install.
|
|
When it finished, there should be a new shell script in
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin called "mathematica".
|
|
|
|
<p>Lastly, you need to modify each of the shell scripts that
|
|
Mathematica has installed. At the beginning of every shell script in
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin add the following line:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
XKEYSYMDB=/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11/XKeysymDB; export XKEYSYMDB
|
|
</verb>
|
|
This tells Mathematica were to find it's own version of the key
|
|
mapping file XKeysymDB. Without this you will get pages of error
|
|
messages about missing key mappings.
|
|
|
|
On FreeBSD-stable you need to add the following as well:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF
|
|
</verb>
|
|
This tells Mathematica to use the linux version of host.conf. This
|
|
file has a different syntax from FreeBSD's host.conf, so you'll get an
|
|
error message about /etc/host.conf if you leave this out.
|
|
|
|
<p>You might want to also modify your /etc/manpath.config
|
|
file to read the new man directory, and you may need
|
|
to edit your .cshrc file to add
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/usr/local/Mathematica/bin
|
|
</verb>
|
|
to your path.
|
|
|
|
<p>That's about all it takes, With this you should be able
|
|
to type "mathematica" and get a really slick looking
|
|
Mathematica Notebook screen up. Mathematica has included
|
|
the Motif user interfaces, but it's compiled in statically,
|
|
so you don't need the Motif libraries. Good luck doing this
|
|
yourself!
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Bugs</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>The Notebook front end is known to hang sometimes when reading
|
|
notebook files with an error messages similar to:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
File .../Untitled-1.mb appears to be broken for OMPR.257.0
|
|
</verb>
|
|
We haven't found the cause for this, but it only affects the
|
|
Notebook's X window front end, not the mathematica engine itself. So
|
|
the command line interface invoked by 'math' is unaffected by this
|
|
bug.
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Acknowledgments</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>A well-deserved thanks should go to &a.sos; and &a.peter;
|
|
who made linux emulation what it is today, and Michael Smith who
|
|
drove these two guys like dogs to get it to the point where it runs
|
|
Linux binaries better than linux! :-)
|