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freebsd-dev/usr.sbin/zonectl/zonectl.8
Kenneth D. Merry 9a6844d55f Add support for managing Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) drives. 
This change includes support for SCSI SMR drives (which conform to the
Zoned Block Commands or ZBC spec) and ATA SMR drives (which conform to
the Zoned ATA Command Set or ZAC spec) behind SAS expanders.

This includes full management support through the GEOM BIO interface, and
through a new userland utility, zonectl(8), and through camcontrol(8).

This is now ready for filesystems to use to detect and manage zoned drives.
(There is no work in progress that I know of to use this for ZFS or UFS, if
anyone is interested, let me know and I may have some suggestions.)

Also, improve ATA command passthrough and dispatch support, both via ATA
and ATA passthrough over SCSI.

Also, add support to camcontrol(8) for the ATA Extended Power Conditions
feature set.  You can now manage ATA device power states, and set various
idle time thresholds for a drive to enter lower power states.

Note that this change cannot be MFCed in full, because it depends on
changes to the struct bio API that break compatilibity.  In order to
avoid breaking the stable API, only changes that don't touch or depend on
the struct bio changes can be merged.  For example, the camcontrol(8)
changes don't depend on the new bio API, but zonectl(8) and the probe
changes to the da(4) and ada(4) drivers do depend on it.

Also note that the SMR changes have not yet been tested with an actual
SCSI ZBC device, or a SCSI to ATA translation layer (SAT) that supports
ZBC to ZAC translation.  I have not yet gotten a suitable drive or SAT
layer, so any testing help would be appreciated.  These changes have been
tested with Seagate Host Aware SATA drives attached to both SAS and SATA
controllers.  Also, I do not have any SATA Host Managed devices, and I
suspect that it may take additional (hopefully minor) changes to support
them.

Thanks to Seagate for supplying the test hardware and answering questions.

sbin/camcontrol/Makefile:
	Add epc.c and zone.c.

sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8:
	Document the zone and epc subcommands.

sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.c:
	Add the zone and epc subcommands.

	Add auxiliary register support to build_ata_cmd().  Make sure to
	set the CAM_ATAIO_NEEDRESULT, CAM_ATAIO_DMA, and CAM_ATAIO_FPDMA
	flags as appropriate for ATA commands.

	Add a new get_ata_status() function to parse ATA result from SCSI
	sense descriptors (for ATA passthrough over SCSI) and ATA I/O
	requests.

sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.h:
	Update the build_ata_cmd() prototype

	Add get_ata_status(), zone(), and epc().

sbin/camcontrol/epc.c:
	Support for ATA Extended Power Conditions features.  This includes
	support for all features documented in the ACS-4 Revision 12
	specification from t13.org (dated February 18, 2016).

	The EPC feature set allows putting a drive into a power power mode
	immediately, or setting timeouts so that the drive will
	automatically enter progressively lower power states after various
	idle times.

sbin/camcontrol/fwdownload.c:
	Update the firmware download code for the new build_ata_cmd()
	arguments.

sbin/camcontrol/zone.c:
	Implement support for Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) drives
	via SCSI Zoned Block Commands (ZBC) and ATA Zoned Device ATA
	Command Set (ZAC).

	These specs were developed in concert, and are functionally
	identical.  The primary differences are due to SCSI and ATA
	differences.  (SCSI is big endian, ATA is little endian, for
	example.)

	This includes support for all commands defined in the ZBC and
	ZAC specs.

sys/cam/ata/ata_all.c:
	Decode a number of additional ATA command names in ata_op_string().

	Add a new CCB building function, ata_read_log().

	Add ata_zac_mgmt_in() and ata_zac_mgmt_out() CCB building
	functions.  These support both DMA and NCQ encapsulation.

sys/cam/ata/ata_all.h:
	Add prototypes for ata_read_log(), ata_zac_mgmt_out(), and
	ata_zac_mgmt_in().

sys/cam/ata/ata_da.c:
	Revamp the ada(4) driver to support zoned devices.

	Add four new probe states to gather information needed for zone
	support.

	Add a new adasetflags() function to avoid duplication of large
	blocks of flag setting between the async handler and register
	functions.

	Add new sysctl variables that describe zone support and paramters.

	Add support for the new BIO_ZONE bio, and all of its subcommands:
	DISK_ZONE_OPEN, DISK_ZONE_CLOSE, DISK_ZONE_FINISH, DISK_ZONE_RWP,
	DISK_ZONE_REPORT_ZONES, and DISK_ZONE_GET_PARAMS.

sys/cam/scsi/scsi_all.c:
	Add command descriptions for the ZBC IN/OUT commands.

	Add descriptions for ZBC Host Managed devices.

	Add a new function, scsi_ata_pass() to do ATA passthrough over
	SCSI.  This will eventually replace scsi_ata_pass_16() -- it
	can create the 12, 16, and 32-byte variants of the ATA
	PASS-THROUGH command, and supports setting all of the
	registers defined as of SAT-4, Revision 5 (March 11, 2016).

	Change scsi_ata_identify() to use scsi_ata_pass() instead of
	scsi_ata_pass_16().

	Add a new scsi_ata_read_log() function to facilitate reading
	ATA logs via SCSI.

sys/cam/scsi/scsi_all.h:
	Add the new ATA PASS-THROUGH(32) command CDB.  Add extended and
	variable CDB opcodes.

	Add Zoned Block Device Characteristics VPD page.

	Add ATA Return SCSI sense descriptor.

	Add prototypes for scsi_ata_read_log() and scsi_ata_pass().

sys/cam/scsi/scsi_da.c:
	Revamp the da(4) driver to support zoned devices.

	Add five new probe states, four of which are needed for ATA
	devices.

	Add five new sysctl variables that describe zone support and
	parameters.

	The da(4) driver supports SCSI ZBC devices, as well as ATA ZAC
	devices when they are attached via a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT)
	layer.  Since ZBC -> ZAC translation is a new feature in the T10
	SAT-4 spec, most SATA drives will be supported via ATA commands
	sent via the SCSI ATA PASS-THROUGH command.  The da(4) driver will
	prefer the ZBC interface, if it is available, for performance
	reasons, but will use the ATA PASS-THROUGH interface to the ZAC
	command set if the SAT layer doesn't support translation yet.
	As I mentioned above, ZBC command support is untested.

	Add support for the new BIO_ZONE bio, and all of its subcommands:
	DISK_ZONE_OPEN, DISK_ZONE_CLOSE, DISK_ZONE_FINISH, DISK_ZONE_RWP,
	DISK_ZONE_REPORT_ZONES, and DISK_ZONE_GET_PARAMS.

	Add scsi_zbc_in() and scsi_zbc_out() CCB building functions.

	Add scsi_ata_zac_mgmt_out() and scsi_ata_zac_mgmt_in() CCB/CDB
	building functions.  Note that these have return values, unlike
	almost all other CCB building functions in CAM.  The reason is
	that they can fail, depending upon the particular combination
	of input parameters.  The primary failure case is if the user
	wants NCQ, but fails to specify additional CDB storage.  NCQ
	requires using the 32-byte version of the SCSI ATA PASS-THROUGH
	command, and the current CAM CDB size is 16 bytes.

sys/cam/scsi/scsi_da.h:
	Add ZBC IN and ZBC OUT CDBs and opcodes.

	Add SCSI Report Zones data structures.

	Add scsi_zbc_in(), scsi_zbc_out(), scsi_ata_zac_mgmt_out(), and
	scsi_ata_zac_mgmt_in() prototypes.

sys/dev/ahci/ahci.c:
	Fix SEND / RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED in the ahci(4) driver.

	ahci_setup_fis() previously set the top bits of the sector count
	register in the FIS to 0 for FPDMA commands.  This is okay for
	read and write, because the PRIO field is in the only thing in
	those bits, and we don't implement that further up the stack.

	But, for SEND and RECEIVE FPDMA QUEUED, the subcommand is in that
	byte, so it needs to be transmitted to the drive.

	In ahci_setup_fis(), always set the the top 8 bits of the
	sector count register.  We need it in both the standard
	and NCQ / FPDMA cases.

sys/geom/eli/g_eli.c:
	Pass BIO_ZONE commands through the GELI class.

sys/geom/geom.h:
	Add g_io_zonecmd() prototype.

sys/geom/geom_dev.c:
	Add new DIOCZONECMD ioctl, which allows sending zone commands to
	disks.

sys/geom/geom_disk.c:
	Add support for BIO_ZONE commands.

sys/geom/geom_disk.h:
	Add a new flag, DISKFLAG_CANZONE, that indicates that a given
	GEOM disk client can handle BIO_ZONE commands.

sys/geom/geom_io.c:
	Add a new function, g_io_zonecmd(), that handles execution of
	BIO_ZONE commands.

	Add permissions check for BIO_ZONE commands.

	Add command decoding for BIO_ZONE commands.

sys/geom/geom_subr.c:
	Add DDB command decoding for BIO_ZONE commands.

sys/kern/subr_devstat.c:
	Record statistics for REPORT ZONES commands.  Note that the
	number of bytes transferred for REPORT ZONES won't quite match
	what is received from the harware.  This is because we're
	necessarily counting bytes coming from the da(4) / ada(4) drivers,
	which are using the disk_zone.h interface to communicate up
	the stack.  The structure sizes it uses are slightly different
	than the SCSI and ATA structure sizes.

sys/sys/ata.h:
	Add many bit and structure definitions for ZAC, NCQ, and EPC
	command support.

sys/sys/bio.h:
	Convert the bio_cmd field to a straight enumeration.  This will
	yield more space for additional commands in the future.  After
	change r297955 and other related changes, this is now possible.
	Converting to an enumeration will also prevent use as a bitmask
	in the future.

sys/sys/disk.h:
	Define the DIOCZONECMD ioctl.

sys/sys/disk_zone.h:
	Add a new API for managing zoned disks.  This is very close to
	the SCSI ZBC and ATA ZAC standards, but uses integers in native
	byte order instead of big endian (SCSI) or little endian (ATA)
	byte arrays.

	This is intended to offer to the complete feature set of the ZBC
	and ZAC disk management without requiring the application developer
	to include SCSI or ATA headers.  We also use one set of headers
	for ioctl consumers and kernel bio-level consumers.

sys/sys/param.h:
	Bump __FreeBSD_version for sys/bio.h command changes, and inclusion
	of SMR support.

usr.sbin/Makefile:
	Add the zonectl utility.

usr.sbin/diskinfo/diskinfo.c
	Add disk zoning capability to the 'diskinfo -v' output.

usr.sbin/zonectl/Makefile:
	Add zonectl makefile.

usr.sbin/zonectl/zonectl.8
	zonectl(8) man page.

usr.sbin/zonectl/zonectl.c
	The zonectl(8) utility.  This allows managing SCSI or ATA zoned
	disks via the disk_zone.h API.  You can report zones, reset write
	pointers, get parameters, etc.

Sponsored by:	Spectra Logic
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6147
Reviewed by:	wblock (documentation)
2016-05-19 14:08:36 +00:00

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.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2015 Spectra Logic Corporation
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
.\" without modification.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
.\" substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
.\" ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
.\" including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
.\" binary redistribution.
.\"
.\" NO WARRANTY
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
.\" "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
.\" LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR
.\" A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
.\" HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
.\" IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
.\"
.\" Authors: Ken Merry (Spectra Logic Corporation)
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd May 18, 2016
.Dt ZONECTL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm zonectl
.Nd Shingled Magnetic Recording Zone Control utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Aq Fl d Ar dev
.Aq Fl c Ar cmd
.Op Fl a
.Op Fl l Ar LBA
.Op Fl o Ar rep_opts
.Op Fl P Ar print_opts
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Manage
.Tn SCSI
and
.Tn ATA
Zoned Block devices.
This allows managing devices that conform to the
.Tn SCSI
Zoned Block Commands (ZBC) and
.Tn ATA
Zoned ATA Command Set (ZAC)
specifications.
Devices using these command sets are usually hard drives using Shingled
Magnetic Recording (SMR).
There are three types of SMR drives:
.Bl -tag -width 13n
.It Drive Managed
Drive Managed drives look and act just like a standard random access block
device, but underneath, the drive reads and writes the bulk of its capacity
using SMR zones.
Sequential writes will yield better performance, but writing sequentially
is not required.
.It Host Aware
Host Aware drives expose the underlying zone layout via
.Tn SCSI
or
.Tn ATA
commands and allow the host to manage the zone conditions.
The host is not required to manage the zones on the drive, though.
Sequential writes will yield better performance in Sequential Write
Preferred zones, but the host can write randomly in those zones.
.It Host Managed
Host Managed drives expose the underlying zone layout via
.Tn SCSI
or
.Tn ATA
commands.
The host is required to access the zones according to the rules described
by the zone layout.
Any commands that violate the rules will be returned with an error.
.El
.Pp
SMR drives are divided into zones (typically in the range of 256MB each)
that fall into three general categories:
.Bl -tag -width 20n
.It Conventional
These are also known as Non Write Pointer zones.
These zones can be randomly written without an unexpected performance penalty.
.It Sequential Preferred
These zones should be written sequentially starting at the write pointer
for the zone.
They may be written randomly.
Writes that do not conform to the zone layout may be significantly slower
than expected.
.It Sequential Required
These zones must be written sequentially.
If they are not written sequentially, starting at the write pointer, the
command will fail.
.El
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 12n
.It Fl c Ar cmd
Specify the zone subcommand:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It params
Display device parameters, including the type of device (Drive Managed,
Host Aware, Host Managed, Not Zoned), the zone commands supported, and
how many open zones it supports.
.It rz
Issue the Report Zones command.
All zones are returned by default.
Specify report options with
.Fl o
and printing options with
.Fl P .
Specify the starting LBA with
.Fl l .
Note that
.Dq reportzones
is also accepted as a command argument.
.It open
Explicitly open the zone specified by the starting LBA.
.It close
Close the zone specified by starting LBA.
.It finish
Finish the zone specified by the starting LBA.
.It rwp
Reset the write pointer for the zone specified by the starting LBA.
.El
.It Fl a
For the Open, Close, Finish, and Reset Write Pointer operations, apply the
operation to all zones on the drive.
.It Fl l Ar lba
Specify the starting LBA.
For the Report Zones command, this tells the drive to report starting with
the zone that starts at the given LBA.
For the other commands, this allows the user to identify the zone requested
by its starting LBA.
The LBA may be specified in decimal, hexadecimal or octal notation.
.It Fl o Ar rep_opt
For the Report Zones command, specify a subset of zones to report.
.Bl -tag -width 8n
.It all
Report all zones.
This is the default.
.It emtpy
Report only empty zones.
.It imp_open
Report zones that are implicitly open.
This means that the host has sent a write to the zone without explicitly
opening the zone.
.It exp_open
Report zones that are explicitly open.
.It closed
Report zones that have been closed by the host.
.It full
Report zones that are full.
.It ro
Report zones that are in the read only state.
Note that
.Dq readonly
is also accepted as an argument.
.It offline
Report zones that are in the offline state.
.It reset
Report zones that the device recommends should have their write pointers reset.
.It nonseq
Report zones that have the Non Sequential Resources Active flag set.
These are zones that are Sequential Write Preferred, but have been written
non-sequentially.
.It nonwp
Report Non Write Pointer zones, also known as Conventional zones.
.El
.It Fl P Ar print_opt
Specify a printing option for Report Zones:
.Bl -tag -width 7n
.It normal
Normal Report Zones output.
This is the default.
The summary and column headings are printed, fields are separated by spaces
and the fields themselves may contain spaces.
.It summary
Just print the summary: the number of zones, the maximum LBA (LBA of the
last logical block on the drive), and the value of the
.Dq same
field.
The
.Dq same
field describes whether the zones on the drive are all identical, all
different, or whether they are the same except for the last zone, etc.
.It script
Print the zones in a script friendly format.
The summary and column headings are omitted, the fields are separated by
commas, and the fields do not contain spaces.
The fields contain underscores where spaces would normally be used.
.El
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset indent
zonectl -d /dev/da5 -c params
.Ed
.Pp
Display basic zoning information for disk da5.
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
zonectl -d /dev/da5 -c rz
.Ed
.Pp
Issue the Report Zones command to disk da5, and print out all
zones on the drive in the default format.
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
zonectl -d /dev/da5 -c rz -o reset -P script
.Ed
.Pp
Issue the Report Zones command to disk da5, and print out all
of the zones that have the Reset Write Pointer Recommended bit set to true.
Print the zones in a script friendly form.
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
zonectl -d /dev/da5 -c rwp -l 0x2c80000
.Ed
.Pp
Issue the Reset Write Pointer command to disk da5 for the zone
that starts at LBA 0x2c80000.
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Kenneth Merry Aq ken@FreeBSD.org
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