719 lines
21 KiB
Groff
719 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgment:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd July 2, 2001
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl m
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.Ar interface
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.Op Cm create
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm
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.Ar interface
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.Cm destroy
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl C
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Ifconfig
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is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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.Nm Ifconfig
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must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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.Pp
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It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
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slash notation) to include the netmask.
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That is, one can specify an address like
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.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
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.Pp
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For
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.Dq inet6
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family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
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notation, like
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.Li ::1/128 .
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See the
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.Cm prefixlen
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parameter below for more information.
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.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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.\" addresses are
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.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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.\" where
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.\" .Ar net
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.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.\" .Ar a
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.\" through
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.\" .Ar f ,
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.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
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.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
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.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
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.\" which use the hardware physical address,
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.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
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.\" For the
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.\" .Tn ISO
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.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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.\" as in the Xerox family.
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.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specify the
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address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq ether ,
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.\" .Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq ipx .
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.\" and
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.\" .Dq ns .
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The default is
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.Dq inet .
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Ar interface
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This
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq Li ed0 .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm add
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Another name for the
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.Cm alias
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parameter.
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Introduced for compatibility
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with
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.Bsx .
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
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for this interface, a netmask of
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.Li 0xffffffff
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has to be specified.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.It Cm anycast
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(Inet6 only.)
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Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
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Based on the current specification,
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only routers may configure anycast addresses.
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Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
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IPv6 packets.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4
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in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and
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.Tn IEEE
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802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
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.It Fl arp
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Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4 .
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.It Cm broadcast
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(Inet only.)
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.It Cm delete
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Another name for the
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.Fl alias
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parameter.
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.It Cm down
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Mark an interface
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.Dq down .
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When an interface is marked
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.Dq down ,
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the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.It Cm ether
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Another name for the
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.Cm lladdr
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parameter.
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.\" .It Cm ipdst
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.\" This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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.\" ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
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.\" An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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.\" the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
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.\" of the destination.
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.\" IP encapsulation of
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.\" .Tn CLNP
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.\" packets is done differently.
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.It Cm lladdr Ar addr
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Set the link-level address on an interface.
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This can be used to
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e.g. set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
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mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
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The address
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.Ar addr
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is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
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If the interface is already
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up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
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then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
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filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
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.It Cm media Ar type
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
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of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors.
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For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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or twisted pair connectors.
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Setting the media type to
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.Dq 10base5/AUI
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would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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Setting it to
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.Dq 10baseT/UTP
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would activate twisted pair.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver
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specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
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available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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media options on the interface.
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The
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.Ar opts
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argument
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
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specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
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(IP tunnel devices only.)
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Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces
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.Pq Xr gif 4 .
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The arguments
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.Ar src_addr
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and
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.Ar dest_addr
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are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
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IPv4/IPv6 header.
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.It Cm deletetunnel
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Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces previously configured with
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.Cm tunnel .
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.It Cm create
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Create the specified network pseudo-device.
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If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
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device with an arbitrary unit number.
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If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
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printed to standard output.
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.It Cm destroy
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Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm plumb
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Another name for the
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.Cm create
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parameter.
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Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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compatibility.
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.It Cm unplumb
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Another name for the
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.Cm destroy
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parameter.
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Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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compatibility.
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.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
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If the interface is a vlan pseudo interface, set the vlan tag value
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to
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.Ar vlan_tag .
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This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
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vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface.
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Note that
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.Cm vlan
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and
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.Cm vlandev
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must both be set at the same time.
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.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
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If the interface is a vlan pseudo device, associate physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with it.
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Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be
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diverted to the specified physical interface
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.Ar iface
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with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation.
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Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
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by the parent interface with the correct vlan tag will be diverted to
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the associated vlan pseudo-interface.
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The vlan interface is assigned a
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copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
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The
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.Cm vlandev
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and
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.Cm vlan
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must both be set at the same time.
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If the vlan interface already has
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a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
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To
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change the association to another physical interface, the existing
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association must be cleared first.
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.Pp
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Note: if the
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.Cm link0
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flag is set on the vlan interface, the vlan pseudo
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interface's behavior changes: the
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.Cm link0
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tells the vlan interface that the
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parent interface supports insertion and extraction of vlan tags on its
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own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
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the parent unaltered.
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.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
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If the driver is a vlan pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
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.Ar iface
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from it.
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This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent,
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clears its vlan tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
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.It Cm metric Ar n
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Set the routing metric of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default 0.
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The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
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.Pq Xr routed 8 .
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Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
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less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
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to the destination network or host.
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.It Cm mtu Ar n
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Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default is interface specific.
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The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
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interface.
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Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
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range restrictions.
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.It Cm netmask Ar mask
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.\" (Inet and ISO.)
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(Inet only.)
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Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
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networks into sub-networks.
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The mask includes the network part of the local address
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and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
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The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
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with a leading
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.Ql 0x ,
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with a dot-notation Internet address,
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or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
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.Xr networks 5 .
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The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
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which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
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and 0's for the host part.
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The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
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and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
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portion.
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.Pp
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The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
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See the
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.Ar address
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option above for more information.
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.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
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(Inet6 only.)
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Specify that
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.Ar len
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bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
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The
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.Ar len
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must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
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It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
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If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
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.Pp
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The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
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See the
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.Ar address
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option above for more information.
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.\" see
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.\" Xr eon 5 .
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.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
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.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
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.\" only)
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.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
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|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
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.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
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|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
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|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
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|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
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|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
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.\" it is really the
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.\" .Tn NSAP
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.\" which is being specified.
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.\" For example, in
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.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
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.\" 20 hex digits should be
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.\" specified in the
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.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
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.\" to be assigned to the interface.
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.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
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.\" for
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.\" .Tn AFI
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|
.\" 37 type addresses.
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.It Cm range Ar netrange
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
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.Ar netrange
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|
of the form
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.Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
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|
Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though
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|
.Fx
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|
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm remove
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|
Another name for the
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|
.Fl alias
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|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
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|
with
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|
.Bsx .
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|
.It Cm phase
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|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface.
|
|
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
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|
.Sm off
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|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
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|
.Sm on
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|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
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|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
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|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
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|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
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|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the desired Service Set
|
|
Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
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|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
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|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the name of this station.
|
|
It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
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|
protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
|
|
As such it only
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|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
.It Cm station Ar name
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|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm stationname
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|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 14, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to 0 will give you the default for your adaptor.
|
|
Many
|
|
adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the desired authentication mode
|
|
in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Dq none ,
|
|
.Dq open ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq shared .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, enable powersave mode.
|
|
.It Fl powersave
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, disable powersave mode.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the desired max powersave sleep
|
|
time in milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Dq off ,
|
|
.Dq on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq mixed .
|
|
.Dq Mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adaptors,
|
|
.Dq on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adaptors,
|
|
.Dq on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Dq mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the WEP key to be used for
|
|
transmission.
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces, set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adaptors support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm Ifconfig
|
|
displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the driver does supports the media selection system, the supported
|
|
media list will be included in the output.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
IPv6 link-local addresses are required for several basic communication
|
|
between IPv6 node.
|
|
If they are deleted by
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manually, the kernel might show very strange behavior.
|
|
So, such manual deletions are strongly discouraged.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|