241 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
241 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
.\" This module is believed to contain source code proprietary to AT&T.
|
|
.\" Use and redistribution is subject to the Berkeley Software License
|
|
.\" Agreement and your Software Agreement with AT&T (Western Electric).
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)tt03 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
|
|
.\" Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
|
|
.\" met:
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
|
|
.\" disclaimer.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
|
|
.\" International, Inc. Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc.
|
|
.\" nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote
|
|
.\" products derived from this software without specific prior written
|
|
.\" permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA
|
|
.\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
|
|
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
|
|
.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
|
|
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
|
|
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
|
|
.\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
|
|
.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
|
|
.\" OR OTHERWISE) RISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
|
|
.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.NH
|
|
Fonts and Special Characters
|
|
.PP
|
|
.UL troff
|
|
and the typesetter allow four different fonts at any one time.
|
|
Normally three fonts (Times roman, italic and bold) and one collection of special characters
|
|
are permanently
|
|
mounted.
|
|
.P1 2
|
|
.ft R
|
|
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
|
|
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
|
|
.ft I
|
|
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
|
|
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
|
|
.ft B
|
|
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
|
|
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
|
|
.ft R
|
|
.P2
|
|
The
|
|
greek, mathematical symbols and miscellany
|
|
of the special font are
|
|
listed in Appendix A.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.UL troff
|
|
prints in roman unless told otherwise.
|
|
To switch into bold, use
|
|
the
|
|
.BD .ft
|
|
command
|
|
.P1
|
|
^ft B
|
|
.P2
|
|
and for italics,
|
|
.P1
|
|
^ft I
|
|
.P2
|
|
To return to roman, use
|
|
.BD .ft\ R ;
|
|
to return to the previous font,
|
|
whatever it was,
|
|
use either
|
|
.BD .ft\ P
|
|
or just
|
|
.BD .ft .
|
|
The `underline' command
|
|
.P1
|
|
^ul
|
|
.P2
|
|
causes the next input line to print in italics.
|
|
.BD .ul
|
|
can be followed by a count to
|
|
indicate that more than one line is to be italicized.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Fonts can also be changed within a line or word
|
|
with the in-line command
|
|
.BD \ef :
|
|
.P1
|
|
\fBbold\fIface\fR text
|
|
.P2
|
|
is produced by
|
|
.P1
|
|
\efBbold\efIface\efR text
|
|
.P2
|
|
If you want to do this so the previous font, whatever it was,
|
|
is left undisturbed, insert extra
|
|
.BD \efP
|
|
commands, like this:
|
|
.P1
|
|
\efBbold\efP\efIface\efP\efR text\efP
|
|
.P2
|
|
Because only the immediately previous font is remembered,
|
|
you have to restore the previous font after each change
|
|
or you can lose it.
|
|
The same is true of
|
|
.BD .ps
|
|
and
|
|
.BD .vs
|
|
when used without an argument.
|
|
.PP
|
|
There are other fonts available besides the standard set,
|
|
although you can still use only four at any given time.
|
|
The command
|
|
.BD .fp
|
|
tells
|
|
.UL troff
|
|
what fonts are physically mounted on the typesetter:
|
|
.P1
|
|
^fp 3 H
|
|
.P2
|
|
says that the Helvetica font is mounted on position 3.
|
|
(The complete list of font sizes and styles depends on
|
|
your typesetter or laser printer.)
|
|
Appropriate
|
|
.BD .fp
|
|
commands should appear at the beginning of your document
|
|
if you do not use the standard fonts.
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is possible to make a document relatively independent
|
|
of the actual fonts used to print it
|
|
by using font numbers instead of names;
|
|
for example,
|
|
.BD \ef3
|
|
and
|
|
.BD .ft\ 3
|
|
mean `whatever font is mounted at position 3',
|
|
and thus work for any setting.
|
|
Normal settings are roman font on 1, italic on 2,
|
|
bold on 3,
|
|
and special on 4.
|
|
.PP
|
|
There is also a way to get `synthetic' bold fonts
|
|
by overstriking letters with a slight offset.
|
|
Look at the
|
|
.BD .bd
|
|
command in [1].
|
|
.WS
|
|
.PP
|
|
Special characters have four-character names beginning with
|
|
.BD \e( ,
|
|
and they may be inserted anywhere.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.P1
|
|
\(14 + \(12 = \(34
|
|
.P2
|
|
is produced by
|
|
.P1
|
|
\e(14 + \e(12 = \e(34
|
|
.P2
|
|
In particular,
|
|
greek letters are all of the form
|
|
.BD \e(*\- ,
|
|
where
|
|
.BD \-
|
|
is an upper or lower case roman letter
|
|
reminiscent of the greek.
|
|
Thus
|
|
to get
|
|
.P1
|
|
\(*S(\(*a\(mu\(*b) \(-> \(if
|
|
.P2
|
|
in bare
|
|
.UL troff
|
|
we have to type
|
|
.P1
|
|
\e(*S(\e(*a\e(mu\e(*b) \e(\(mi> \e(if
|
|
.P2
|
|
That line is unscrambled as follows:
|
|
.P1
|
|
.ta 1i 2i 3i
|
|
\e(*S \(*S
|
|
( (
|
|
\e(*a \(*a
|
|
\e(mu \(mu
|
|
\e(*b \(*b
|
|
) )
|
|
\e(\(mi> \(->
|
|
\e(if \(if
|
|
.P2
|
|
A complete list of these special names occurs in Appendix A.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In
|
|
.UL eqn
|
|
[2]
|
|
the same effect can be achieved with the input
|
|
.P1
|
|
SIGMA ( alpha times beta ) \-> inf
|
|
.P2
|
|
which is less concise, but clearer to the uninitiated.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Notice that
|
|
each
|
|
four-character name is a single character
|
|
as far as
|
|
.UL troff
|
|
is concerned _
|
|
the
|
|
`translate' command
|
|
.P1
|
|
^tr \e(mi\e(em
|
|
.P2
|
|
is perfectly clear, meaning
|
|
.P1
|
|
^tr \(mi\(em
|
|
.P2
|
|
that is, to translate \(mi into \(em.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some characters are automatically translated into others:
|
|
grave \(ga and acute \(aa accents (apostrophes) become open and close single quotes
|
|
`\|'\|;
|
|
the combination of ``...'' is generally preferable to the double quotes "...".
|
|
Similarly a typed minus sign becomes a hyphen -.
|
|
To print an explicit \- sign, use
|
|
.BD \e\|- .
|
|
To get a backslash printed, use
|
|
.BD \ee .
|