509 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
509 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
RELEASE NOTES
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FreeBSD
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Release 2.0
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1. Technical overview
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---------------------
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FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4 BSD Lite based release
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for Intel i386/i486/Pentium (or compatible) based PC's. It is based
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primarily on software from U.C. Berkeley's CSRG group, with some
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enhancements from NetBSD, 386BSD, and the Free Software Foundation.
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Since our first release of FreeBSD 1.0 some 18 months ago, FreeBSD
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has changed almost entirely. A new port from the Berkeley 4.4 code
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base was done, which brought the legal status of the system out of the
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shadows with the blessing of Novell (new owners of USL and UNIX). The
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port to 4.4 has also brought in a host of new features, filesystems
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and enhanced driver support. With our new unencumbered code base, we
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have every reason to hope that we'll be able to release quality
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operating systems without further legal encumbrance for some time to
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come!
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FreeBSD 2.0 represents the culmination of almost 2 years of work and
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many thousands of man hours put in by an international development team.
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We hope you enjoy it!
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Many packages have also been upgraded or added, such as XFree86 3.1,
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xview 3.2, elm, nntp, mh, InterViews and dozens of other miscellaneous
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utilities have been ported and are now available as add-ons. See the
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ports collection (or the package collection) for a complete summary.
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For a list of contributors, please see the file "CONTRIB.FreeBSD",
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which should be bundled with your bindist distribution.
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Also see the new "REGISTER.FreeBSD" file for information on registering
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with the "Free BSD user counter". We've also provided a list of who's
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responsible for what (so that you may query them directly) in the
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"ROSTER.FreeBSD" file; use of this file is encouraged to ensure faster
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resolution of any problems you may have!
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The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which would inhibit its
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being exported outside the United States. There is an add-on package
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to the core distribution, for use only in the United States, that
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contains the programs that normally use DES. The auxilliary packages
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provided separately can be used by anyone. A freely (from outside the
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U.S.) exportable European distribution of DES for our non U.S. users also
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exists and is described in the FreeBSD FAQ.
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If password security for FreeBSD is all you need, and you have no
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requirement for copying encrypted passwords from different hosts (Suns,
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DEC machines, etc) into FreeBSD password entries, then FreeBSD's MD5
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based security may be all you require! We feel that our default security
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model is more than a match for DES, and without any messy export issues
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to deal with. If you're outside (or even inside) the U.S., give it a try!
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1.1 What's new in 2.0?
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----------------------
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4.4 Lite
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--------
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As previously stated, this release is based entirely on CSRG's
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latest (and last) BSD release - 4.4 Lite. This features a number
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of improvements over 4.2BSD (Net/2), not least of which are:
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o Legal approval of Novell & U.C. Berkeley. After the settlement
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of the longstanding lawsuit between USL/UCB/Novell/BSDI, all
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parties were (strongly) encouraged to move to 4.4 Lite in order
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to avoid future legal entanglements. The fact that we've now done
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so should make this release much more attractive to potential
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commercial users.
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o Many new filesystem types, such as stackable filesystems, union
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filesystems, "portals", kernfs, a simple log-structured filesystem, a
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new version of NFS (NQNFS), etc. While some of these new filesystems
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are also rather unpolished and will require significant additional
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work to be truly robust, they're a good start.
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o 64bit offsets, allowing filesystems of up to 2^63 bytes in size.
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o Further work towards full POSIX compliance.
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IP multicast support
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--------------------
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The IP multicast support has been upgraded from the woefully ancient
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1.x code in 4.4-Lite to the most current and up-to-date 3.3 release
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from Steve D. and Ajit. The non-forwarding code is known to work (for
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some limited test cases). The multicast forwarder and user-mode
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multicast routing process are known to compile, but have not been
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significantly tested (hopefully this will happen before 2.0 release).
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/netinet, usr.sbin/mrouted
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Loadable Kernel Modules
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-----------------------
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David Greenman incorporated NetBSD's port of Terry Lambert's loadable
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kernel module support. Garrett Wollman wrote the support for loadable
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file systems, and S<>ren Schmidt did the same for loadable execution
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classes.
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Owner: core
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Sources involved: sys/kern, sbin/modload, sbin/modunload,
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usr.bin/modstat
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Loadable filesystems
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--------------------
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Most filesystems are now dynamically loadable on demand, with the
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exception of the UFS family (FFS, LFS, and MFS). With the exception
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of NFS, all such filestystems can be unloaded when all references are
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unmounted. To support this functionality, the getvfsbyname(3)
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family of functions has been added to the C library and the lsvfs(1)
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command provides the same information at the shell level. Be aware of
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the following current restrictions:
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- /usr/bin may not reside on a dynamically loaded filesystem.
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- There must be a writable /tmp directory available
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before filesystems are loaded (moving / to the top of your
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/etc/fstab file will accomplish this).
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- Some of the more esoteric filesystems simply don't work when loaded
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dynamically (though they often don't work "static", either.)
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/*fs, lkm/*fs, usr.bin/lsvfs, lib/libc/gen
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S/Key
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-----
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Since version 1.1.5, FreeBSD has supported the S/Key one time password
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scheme. The version used is derived from the logdaemon package of Wietse
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Venema.
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Some of the features new in 2.0 are:
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- New access control table format to impose the use of S/Keys
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based on: hostname, ip address, port, username, group id.
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- S/Key support can be disabled by not having the access control
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table.
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The second item explains the absence of skey.access in the installed /etc.
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To enable S/Key support, create a file skey.access in /etc and fill it
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according to your needs. See also skey.access(5) and the example in
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/usr/share/examples/etc/skey.access.
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Owner: pst, guido
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Sources involved: lib/libskey, usr.bin/key* (plus patches to others)
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TCP/IP over parallel (printer) port
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-----------------------------------
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You can now run TCP/IP over a standard LapLink(tm) cable, if both ends
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have an interrupt-driven printerport. The interface is named "lp0"
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where '0' is the same as the lpt# unit number. This is not compatible
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with PLIP. If you run NFS, try setting MTU to 9180, otherwise leave
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it at 1500 unless you have a good reason to change it. Speed varies
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with the CPU-type, with up to 70 kbyte/sec having been seen and 50
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kbyte/sec being the norm.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: isa/lpt.c
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ProAudioSpectrum SCSI-driver
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----------------------------
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If you have a PAS board with a CD-ROM, and the MS-DOS driver is called
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TSLCDR.SYS, then the "pas" driver should work on your card. You can
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attach disks, cdroms and tapes, but due to the nature of the hardware
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involved, the transfer rate is limited to < 690 kbyte/sec. For CD-ROM
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use, this is generally more than enough.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: isa/pas.c
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Gzip'ed binaries
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----------------
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We have an experimental implementation for direct execution of gzip'ed
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binaries in this release. When enabled, it allows you to simply gzip
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your binaries, remove the '.gz' extension and make the file
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executable. There is a big speed and memory consumption penalty for
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doing this, but for laptop users it may be worthwhile. The maximum
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savings are generally around 10 Mb of disk space.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: kern/imgact_gzip.c kern/inflate.c
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Diskless booting
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----------------
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Diskless booting in 2.0 and much improved since 1.1.5. The boot-program
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is in src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, and can be run from an MSDOS system or
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burned into an EPROM. Local swapping is possible. Presently WD, SMC and
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Novell cards are supported.
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Owner: Martin Renters & phk
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Sources involved: i386/boot/netboot, sys/nfs/nfs_vfsops.h
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Device configuration database
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-----------------------------
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The kernel now keeps better track of which device drivers are active and
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where the devices are attached; this information is made available to
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user programs via the new sysctl(3) management interface. Current
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applications include lsdev(8), which lists the currently configured
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devices. In the future, we expect to use this code to automatically
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generate a configuration file for you at installation time.
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/i386, sys/scsi, sys/kern/kern_devconf.c,
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sys/sys/devconf.h, usr.sbin/lsdev
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Kernel management interface
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---------------------------
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With 4.4-Lite, we now have a better management interface for the endless
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series of kernel variables and parameters which were previously manipulated
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by reading and writing /dev/kmem. Many programs have been rewritten to
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use this interface, although many old-style programs still remain. Some
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variables which were never accessible before are now available through
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the sysctl(1) program. In addition to the standard 4.4BSD MIB variables,
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we have added support for YP/NIS domains (kern.domainname), controlling
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the update daemon (kern.update), retrieving the OS release date
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(kern.osreldate), determining the name of the booted kernel (kern.bootfile),
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and checking for hardware floating-point support (hw.floatingpoint).
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We have also added support to make management queries of devices and
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filesystems.
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Owner: core
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Sources involved: sys, usr.bin/sysctl
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iBCS2 support
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-------------
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FreeBSD now supports running iBCS2 compatible binaries (currently
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SCO UNIX 3.2.2 & 3.2.4 and ISC 2.2 COFF format are supported).
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The iBCS2 emulator is in its early stages, but it is functional, we
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havn't been able to do exhaustive testing (lack of commercial apps),
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but almost all of SCO's 3.2.2 binaries are working, so is an old
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INFORMIX-2.10 for SCO. Further testing is nessesary to complete this
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project. There is also work under way for ELF & XOUT loaders, and
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most of the svr4 syscall wrappers have been written.
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Owner: Soren Schmidt (sos) & Sean Eric Fagan (sef)
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Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* + misc kernel changes.
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2. Supported Configurations
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---------------------------
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FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, EISA and PCI bus based
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PC's, ranging from 386sx to Pentium class machines (though the 386sx is
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not recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive configurations,
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various SCSI controller, network and serial cards is also provided.
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Following is a list of all currently known disk controllers and
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ethernet cards known to work with FreeBSD. Other configurations may
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very well work, and we have simply not received any indication of
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this.
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2.1. Disk Controllers
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WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL)
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WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI)
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Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers
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Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers
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Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in standard and enhanced mode.
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[Note that Buslogic was formerly known as "Bustec"]
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Buslogic 545S & 545c
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Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller
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Buslogic 742A, 747S, 747c EISA SCSI controller.
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Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller
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NCR 53C810 PCI SCSI controller.
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DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode.
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Ultra Store 14F, 24F and 34F SCSI controllers.
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Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers.
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Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers.
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With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is provided for
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SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals, including Disks, tape drives (including
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DAT) and CD ROM drives. Note: This and the mcd driver (Mitsumi CDROM
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interface card) is the only way a CD ROM drive may be currently
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attached to a FreeBSD system; we do not support SoundBlaster (non-SCSI)
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CDROM interface, or other "non-SCSI" adapters. The ProAudio Spectrum
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SCSI and SoundBlaster SCSI controllers are supported.
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Some controllers have limitations with the way they deal with >16MB of
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memory, due to the fact that the ISA bus only has a DMA address space
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of 24 bits. If you do your arithmetic, you'll see that this makes it
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impossible to do direct DMA to any address >16MB. This limitation is
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even true of some EISA controllers (which are normally 32 bit) when
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they're configured to emulate an ISA card, which they then do in *all*
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respects. This problem is avoided entirely by IDE controllers (which
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do not use DMA), true EISA controllers (like the UltraStor or Adaptec
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1742A) and most VLB (local bus) controllers. In the cases where it's
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necessary, the system will use "bounce buffers" to talk to the
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controller so that you can still use more than 16Mb of memory without
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difficulty.
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2.2. Ethernet cards
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SMC Elite 16 WD8013 ethernet interface, and most other WD8003E,
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WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT
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based clones. SMC Elite Ultra is also supported.
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Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)
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Isolink 4110 (8 bit)
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Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface.
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3Com 3C503 Etherlink II
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3Com 3C509 Ethernet cards
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Toshiba ethernet cards
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PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National Semiconductor are also
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supported.
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2.3. Misc
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AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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BOCA ATIO66 6 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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STB 4 port card using shared IRQ.
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Mitsumi (all models) CDROM interface and drive.
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Soundblaster SCSI and ProAudio Spectrum SCSI CDROM interface and drive.
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Adlib, Soundblaster, Soundblaster Pro, ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound
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and Roland MPU-401 sound cards.
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FreeBSD currently does NOT support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus, but
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support is apparently close to materializing. Details will be posted
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as the situation develops.
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3. Obtaining FreeBSD.
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---------------------
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You may obtain FreeBSD in a variety of ways:
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1. FTP/Mail
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You can ftp FreeBSD and any or all of its optional packages from
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`freebsd.cdrom.com' - the offical FreeBSD release site.
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For other locations that mirror the FreeBSD software see the file
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MIRROR.SITES. Please ftp the distribution from the nearest site
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to you netwise.
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If you do not have access to the internet and electronic mail is your
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only recourse, then you may still fetch the files by sending mail to
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`ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com' - putting the keyword "help" in your message
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to get more information on how to fetch files from freebsd.cdrom.com.
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Note: This approach will end up sending many *tens of megabytes*
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through the mail, and should only be employed as an absolute LAST
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resort!
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2. CDROM
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FreeBSD 2.0 may be ordered on CDROM from:
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Walnut Creek CDROM
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4041 Pike Lane, Suite D
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Concord CA 94520
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1-800-786-9907, +1-510-674-0783, +1-510-674-0821 (fax)
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Or via the internet from orders@cdrom.com. There current catalog can
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be obtained via ftp as ftp.cdrom.com:/cdrom/catalog.
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Cost is $39.95. Shipping (per order not per disc) is $5 in the US, Canada,
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or Mexico and $10.00 overseas. They accept Visa, Mastercard, American
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Express, and ship COD to the United States. California residents please
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add 8.25% sales tax.
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Should you be dissatisfied for any reason, the CD comes with an
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unconditional return policy.
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Note that Walnut Creek CDROM does NOT provide technical support for FreeBSD,
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you need to contact the FreeBSD team for that. Please see section 4 for
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more information.
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4. Reporting problems, making suggestions, submitting code.
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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Your suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are always
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valued - please do not hesitate to report any problems you may find
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(preferably with a fix attached if you can!).
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The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine with internet
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mail connectivity is to use the sendbug command. Bug reports will be
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dutifully filed by our faithful bugfiler program and you can be sure
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that we'll do our best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as
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possible.
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If, for some reason, you are unable to use the sendbug command to
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submit a bug report, you can try to send it to:
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bugs@FreeBSD.org
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Otherwise, for any questions or suggestions, please send mail to:
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questions@FreeBSD.org
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Additionally, being a volunteer effort, we are always happy to have
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extra hands willing to help - there are already far more enhancements
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to be done than we can ever manage to do by ourselves! To contact us
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on technical matters, or with offers of help, you may send mail to:
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hackers@FreeBSD.org
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Since these mailing lists can experience significant amounts of
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traffic, if you've got slow or expensive mail access and you're
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only interested in keeping up with significant FreeBSD events, you may
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find it preferable to subscribe to:
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announce@FreeBSD.org
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All but the FreeBSD-bugs groups can be freely joined by anyone wishing
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to do so. Send mail to MajorDomo@FreeBSD.org and include the keyword
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`help' on a line by itself somewhere in the body of the message. This
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will give you more information on joining the various lists, accessing
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archives, etc. There are a number of mailing lists targeted at
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special interest groups not mentioned here, so send mail to majordomo
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and ask about them!
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5. Acknowledgements
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-------------------
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FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many dozens, if not
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hundreds, of individuals from around the world who have worked very
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hard to bring you this release. It would be very difficult, if not
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impossible, to enumerate everyone who's contributed to FreeBSD, but
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nonetheless we shall try (in alphabetical order, of course). If your
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name is not mentioned, please be assured that its omission is entirely
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accidental.
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The Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG), U.C. Berkeley.
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Bill Jolitz, for his extensive work with 386BSD.
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The FreeBSD "core" team:
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Andrew A. Chernov
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John Dyson
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Bruce Evans
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David Greenman
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Rodney W. Grimes
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Jordan K. Hubbard
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Poul-Henning Kamp
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Rich Murphey
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Gary Palmer
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Geoff Rehmet
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Paul Richards
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Soren Schmidt
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Andreas Schulz
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Jack Vogel
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Garrett A. Wollman
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Special mention to:
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Robert Bruce and Jack Velte of Walnut Creek CDROM, without
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whose help (and continuing support) this release would never
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have been possible.
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Dermot McDonnell for his donation of a Toshiba XM3401B CDROM
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drive.
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The NetBSD group for their frequent assistance and commentary.
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Additional FreeBSD helpers and beta testers:
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J.T. Conklin Julian Elischer
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Sean Eric Fagan Jeffrey Hsu
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Terry Lambert L Jonas Olsson
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Chris Provenzano Dave Rivers
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Guido van Rooij Steven Wallace
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Atsushi Murai Scott Mace
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Andrew Moore Nate Williams
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And everyone at Montana State University for their initial support.
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Thanks to everyone, especially those not mentioned, and we sincerely
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hope you enjoy this release of FreeBSD!
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The FreeBSD Core Team
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$Id: RELNOTES.FreeBSD,v 1.8 1994/11/10 04:11:58 jkh Exp $
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