freebsd-nq/bin/rm/rm.1

.\"-
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)rm.1	8.5 (Berkeley) 12/5/94
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd October 31, 2010
.Dt RM 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rm ,
.Nm unlink
.Nd remove directory entries
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl f | i
.Op Fl dIPRrvW
.Ar
.Nm unlink
.Ar file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the
command line.
If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard
input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error
output) for confirmation.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl d
Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.
.It Fl f
Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation,
regardless of the file's permissions.
If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify
the exit status to reflect an error.
The
.Fl f
option overrides any previous
.Fl i
options.
.It Fl i
Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of
the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a
terminal.
The
.Fl i
option overrides any previous
.Fl f
options.
.It Fl I
Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a
directory is being recursively removed.
This is a far less intrusive option than
.Fl i
yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes.
.It Fl P
Overwrite regular files before deleting them.
Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,
then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.
Files with multiple links will not be overwritten nor deleted
and a warning will be issued.
If the
.Fl f
option is specified, files with multiple links will also be overwritten
and deleted.
No warning will be issued.
.Pp
Specifying this flag for a read only file will cause
.Nm
to generate an error message and exit.
The file will not be removed or overwritten.
.Pp
N.B.: The
.Fl P
flag is not considered a security feature
.Pq see Sx BUGS .
.It Fl R
Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each
.Ar file
argument.
The
.Fl R
option implies the
.Fl d
option.
If the
.Fl i
option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before
each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt
is made to remove the directory).
If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in
that directory is skipped.
.Pp
.It Fl r
Equivalent to
.Fl R .
.It Fl v
Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are removed.
.It Fl W
Attempt to undelete the named files.
Currently, this option can only be used to recover
files covered by whiteouts in a union file system (see
.Xr undelete 2 ) .
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.
.Pp
It is an error to attempt to remove the files
.Pa / ,
.Pa .\&
or
.Pa .. .
.Pp
When the utility is called as
.Nm unlink ,
only one argument,
which must not be a directory,
may be supplied.
No options may be supplied in this simple mode of operation,
which performs an
.Xr unlink 2
operation on the passed argument.
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The
.Nm
utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed,
or if the
.Fl f
option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were
removed.
If an error occurs,
.Nm
exits with a value >0.
.Sh NOTES
The
.Nm
command uses
.Xr getopt 3
to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept
the
.Sq Li --
option which will cause it to stop processing flag options at that
point.
This will allow the removal of file names that begin
with a dash
.Pq Sq - .
For example:
.Pp
.Dl "rm -- -filename"
.Pp
The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative
path reference.
For example:
.Pp
.Dl "rm /home/user/-filename"
.Dl "rm ./-filename"
.Pp
When
.Fl P
is specified with
.Fl f
the file will be overwritten and removed even if it has hard links.
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
The
.Nm
utility differs from historical implementations in that the
.Fl f
option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of
masking a large variety of errors.
The
.Fl v
option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
.Pp
Also, historical
.Bx
implementations prompted on the standard output,
not the standard error output.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chflags 1 ,
.Xr rmdir 1 ,
.Xr undelete 2 ,
.Xr unlink 2 ,
.Xr fts 3 ,
.Xr getopt 3 ,
.Xr symlink 7
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
command conforms to
.St -p1003.2 .
.Pp
The simplified
.Nm unlink
command conforms to
.St -susv2 .
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
.At v1 .
.Sh BUGS
The
.Fl P
option assumes that the underlying storage overwrites file blocks
when data is written to an existing offset.
Several factors including the file system and its backing store could defeat
this assumption.
This includes, but is not limited to file systems that use a
Copy-On-Write strategy (e.g. ZFS or UFS when snapshots are being used), Flash
media that are using a wear leveling algorithm, or when the backing datastore
does journaling, etc.
In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files are not.
/*- or .\"- or #- to begin license clauses. 2005-01-10 08:39:26 +00:00			`.\"-`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994`
			`.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.`
			`.\"`
			`.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by`
			`.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.`
			`.\"`
			`.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without`
			`.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions`
			`.\" are met:`
			`.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright`
			`.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.`
			`.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright`
			`.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the`
			`.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.`
			`.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors`
			`.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software`
			`.\" without specific prior written permission.`
			`.\"`
			.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
			`.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE`
			`.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE`
			`.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE`
			`.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL`
			`.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS`
			`.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)`
			`.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT`
			`.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY`
			`.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF`
			`.\" SUCH DAMAGE.`
			`.\"`
Merge Lite2 mods, and -Wall cleaning. Unimplemented undelete(2) cruft is protected by a #ifdef (BSD4_4_LITE) that should be removed when this is supported by the kernel. 1996-12-14 06:11:53 +00:00			`.\" @(#)rm.1 8.5 (Berkeley) 12/5/94`
$Id$ -> $FreeBSD$ 1999-08-27 23:15:48 +00:00			`.\" $FreeBSD$`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.\"`
Elaborate some more on the non-security implications of using -P Submitted by: delphij Discussion at: svn-src-all 2010-10-31 09:21:27 +00:00			`.Dd October 31, 2010`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Dt RM 1`
			`.Os`
			`.Sh NAME`
Add link(1) and unlink(1) as special cases of ln(1) and rm(1) respectively, in accordance with SUSv2. This differs from the approach taken in NetBSD, but provides less obscure error messages in at least the EISDIR case and does not take up additional disk space for new binaries. PR: 13071 PR: 13074 Requested by: James Howard <howardjp@wam.umd.edu> 1999-12-20 16:13:47 +00:00			`.Nm rm ,`
			`.Nm unlink`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Nd remove directory entries`
			`.Sh SYNOPSIS`
mdoc(7) police: use the new features of the Nm macro. 2000-11-20 11:39:41 +00:00			`.Nm`
Sync program's usage() with manpage's SYNOPSIS. 2005-02-09 17:37:39 +00:00			`.Op Fl f \| i`
			`.Op Fl dIPRrvW`
mdoc(7) police: use the default ``file ...'' feature of the .Ar macro. 2001-02-13 09:56:35 +00:00			`.Ar`
Add link(1) and unlink(1) as special cases of ln(1) and rm(1) respectively, in accordance with SUSv2. This differs from the approach taken in NetBSD, but provides less obscure error messages in at least the EISDIR case and does not take up additional disk space for new binaries. PR: 13071 PR: 13074 Requested by: James Howard <howardjp@wam.umd.edu> 1999-12-20 16:13:47 +00:00			`.Nm unlink`
			`.Ar file`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Sh DESCRIPTION`
			`The`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the`
			`command line.`
			`If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard`
			`input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error`
			`output) for confirmation.`
			`.Pp`
			`The options are as follows:`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`.Bl -tag -width indent`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.It Fl d`
			`Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.`
			`.It Fl f`
			`Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation,`
			`regardless of the file's permissions.`
			`If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify`
			`the exit status to reflect an error.`
			`The`
			`.Fl f`
			`option overrides any previous`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`.Fl i`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`options.`
			`.It Fl i`
			`Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of`
			`the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a`
			`terminal.`
			`The`
			`.Fl i`
			`option overrides any previous`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`.Fl f`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`options.`
Add -I, an option that asks for confirmation once if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command line. This feature is intended to provide a safe net but not being too annoying like having "rm -i" for every deleting operations, and is generally good for both newbies and power users, preventing them from being so easily run into ``rm -rf /'', ``rm -rf *'' and so forth. Originally implemented by Matthew Dillon for DragonFly, plus some improvements done by various DragonFly contributors. Approved by: murray (mentor; the original dillon's version) Discussed with: des Obtained from: DragonFly's bin/rm/ rm.c rev. 1.4 - 1.8 rm.1 rev. 1.3 - 1.4 MFC After: 1 month 2004-10-28 08:25:30 +00:00			`.It Fl I`
Correct a typo and make the documentation more mdoc(7) complaint. Pointed out by: dd Approved by: murray (mentor) 2004-11-01 16:52:34 +00:00			`Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a`
			`directory is being recursively removed.`
			`This is a far less intrusive option than`
Add -I, an option that asks for confirmation once if recursively removing directories or if more than 3 files are listed in the command line. This feature is intended to provide a safe net but not being too annoying like having "rm -i" for every deleting operations, and is generally good for both newbies and power users, preventing them from being so easily run into ``rm -rf /'', ``rm -rf *'' and so forth. Originally implemented by Matthew Dillon for DragonFly, plus some improvements done by various DragonFly contributors. Approved by: murray (mentor; the original dillon's version) Discussed with: des Obtained from: DragonFly's bin/rm/ rm.c rev. 1.4 - 1.8 rm.1 rev. 1.3 - 1.4 MFC After: 1 month 2004-10-28 08:25:30 +00:00			`.Fl i`
			`yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes.`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.It Fl P`
			`Overwrite regular files before deleting them.`
			`Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,`
			`then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.`
Clarify the combination effect of -P and -f to make it clear. Submitted by: arundel MFC after: 2 weeks 2010-10-04 06:17:45 +00:00			`Files with multiple links will not be overwritten nor deleted`
			`and a warning will be issued.`
			`If the`
Correct a security issue introduced in previous commit: instead of removing the file and issue a warning about the removal, do not do any operation at all in case -P is specified when the dinode has hard links. With -f and -P specified together, we assume that the user wants rm to overwrite the contents of the file and remove it (destroy the contents of file but leave its hard links as is). The reason of doing it this way is that, in case where a hard link is created by a malicious user (currently this is permitted even if the user has no access to the file). Losing the link can potentially mean that the actual owner would lose control completely to the user who wants to obtain access in a future day. Discussed with: Peter Jermey 2006-10-31 02:22:36 +00:00			`.Fl f`
Clarify the combination effect of -P and -f to make it clear. Submitted by: arundel MFC after: 2 weeks 2010-10-04 06:17:45 +00:00			`option is specified, files with multiple links will also be overwritten`
			`and deleted.`
			`No warning will be issued.`
Be more reasonable when overwrite mode is specified while there is hard links. Overwritting when links > 1 would cause data loss, which is usually undesired. Inspired by: discussion on -hackers@ Suggested by: elessar at bsdforen de Obtained from: OpenBSD 2006-10-30 03:32:09 +00:00			`.Pp`
Handle the case where the -P flag is specified for a read-only file earlier, and more gracefully. Previously, this combination would be ignored early in the code where permissions are tested and fail later with a very unhelpful "permission denied" error. Instead, test for this flag in the same block that generates the "override?" messages for read-only files, but instead of trying to guess what the user has in mind, generate an error and exit. Update the man page to reflect this new behavior. Not objected to by: freebsd-hackers@ 2005-09-29 20:40:29 +00:00			`Specifying this flag for a read only file will cause`
			`.Nm`
			`to generate an error message and exit.`
-mdoc sweep. 2005-11-17 12:15:23 +00:00			`The file will not be removed or overwritten.`
Elaborate some more on the non-security implications of using -P Submitted by: delphij Discussion at: svn-src-all 2010-10-31 09:21:27 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`N.B.: The`
			`.Fl P`
			`flag is not considered a security feature`
			`.Pq see Sx BUGS .`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.It Fl R`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each`
			`.Ar file`
			`argument.`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`The`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Fl R`
			`option implies the`
			`.Fl d`
			`option.`
			`If the`
			`.Fl i`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt`
			`is made to remove the directory).`
			`If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in`
			`that directory is skipped.`
			`.Pp`
			`.It Fl r`
			`Equivalent to`
			`.Fl R .`
brucify, `v' before `W', mention -v is non-standard in manpage and make code slightly easier to read Reviewed by: obrien 1999-09-04 03:40:10 +00:00			`.It Fl v`
			`Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are removed.`
Merge Lite2 mods, and -Wall cleaning. Unimplemented undelete(2) cruft is protected by a #ifdef (BSD4_4_LITE) that should be removed when this is supported by the kernel. 1996-12-14 06:11:53 +00:00			`.It Fl W`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`Attempt to undelete the named files.`
Merge Lite2 mods, and -Wall cleaning. Unimplemented undelete(2) cruft is protected by a #ifdef (BSD4_4_LITE) that should be removed when this is supported by the kernel. 1996-12-14 06:11:53 +00:00			`Currently, this option can only be used to recover`
Give a hint to the reader as to what the "whiteout" actually means. 2006-12-26 13:57:40 +00:00			`files covered by whiteouts in a union file system (see`
			`.Xr undelete 2 ) .`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.El`
			`.Pp`
			`The`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.`
			`.Pp`
Use .Dq instead of ``'' in manpage Use optimal blocksize for rm -P, instead of always using 8192-byte blocks to overwrite the file. Obtained from: OpenBSD 1999-05-28 12:47:31 +00:00			`It is an error to attempt to remove the files`
Markup fixes. Pointed out by: ru 2004-10-04 19:03:44 +00:00			`.Pa / ,`
			`.Pa .\&`
Use .Dq instead of ``'' in manpage Use optimal blocksize for rm -P, instead of always using 8192-byte blocks to overwrite the file. Obtained from: OpenBSD 1999-05-28 12:47:31 +00:00			`or`
Markup fixes. Pointed out by: ru 2004-10-04 19:03:44 +00:00			`.Pa .. .`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Pp`
Add link(1) and unlink(1) as special cases of ln(1) and rm(1) respectively, in accordance with SUSv2. This differs from the approach taken in NetBSD, but provides less obscure error messages in at least the EISDIR case and does not take up additional disk space for new binaries. PR: 13071 PR: 13074 Requested by: James Howard <howardjp@wam.umd.edu> 1999-12-20 16:13:47 +00:00			`When the utility is called as`
			`.Nm unlink ,`
			`only one argument,`
			`which must not be a directory,`
			`may be supplied.`
			`No options may be supplied in this simple mode of operation,`
Fix cut'n'paste niggles in previous commit. 1999-12-21 08:57:58 +00:00			`which performs an`
Add link(1) and unlink(1) as special cases of ln(1) and rm(1) respectively, in accordance with SUSv2. This differs from the approach taken in NetBSD, but provides less obscure error messages in at least the EISDIR case and does not take up additional disk space for new binaries. PR: 13071 PR: 13074 Requested by: James Howard <howardjp@wam.umd.edu> 1999-12-20 16:13:47 +00:00			`.Xr unlink 2`
Fix cut'n'paste niggles in previous commit. 1999-12-21 08:57:58 +00:00			`operation on the passed argument.`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`.Sh EXIT STATUS`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`The`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed,`
			`or if the`
			`.Fl f`
			`option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were`
			`removed.`
			`If an error occurs,`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`exits with a value >0.`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`.Sh NOTES`
Improve the wording in the NOTES section. Closes PR# 3223. 1997-04-08 20:27:48 +00:00			`The`
			`.Nm`
			`command uses`
fix usage string respond `Y' is equal to `y' Add a note how to delete file name with beginning `-' 1996-03-07 23:26:59 +00:00			`.Xr getopt 3`
Improve the wording in the NOTES section. Closes PR# 3223. 1997-04-08 20:27:48 +00:00			`to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept`
			`the`
fix usage string respond `Y' is equal to `y' Add a note how to delete file name with beginning `-' 1996-03-07 23:26:59 +00:00			`.Sq Li --`
Improve the wording in the NOTES section. Closes PR# 3223. 1997-04-08 20:27:48 +00:00			`option which will cause it to stop processing flag options at that`
Mechanically kill hard sentence breaks. 2004-07-02 21:04:19 +00:00			`point.`
			`This will allow the removal of file names that begin`
Improve the wording in the NOTES section. Closes PR# 3223. 1997-04-08 20:27:48 +00:00			`with a dash`
			`.Pq Sq - .`
			`For example:`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`.Dl "rm -- -filename"`
			`.Pp`
Provide examples of how to remove file names that begin with a dash in non-getopt implementations. E.g.: rm /home/mpp/-filename rm ./-filename Requested by: bde 1997-04-09 05:04:43 +00:00			`The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative`
Mechanically kill hard sentence breaks. 2004-07-02 21:04:19 +00:00			`path reference.`
			`For example:`
Fix markup, add the EXIT STATUS section. 2006-12-26 13:44:41 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`.Dl "rm /home/user/-filename"`
			`.Dl "rm ./-filename"`
Correct a security issue introduced in previous commit: instead of removing the file and issue a warning about the removal, do not do any operation at all in case -P is specified when the dinode has hard links. With -f and -P specified together, we assume that the user wants rm to overwrite the contents of the file and remove it (destroy the contents of file but leave its hard links as is). The reason of doing it this way is that, in case where a hard link is created by a malicious user (currently this is permitted even if the user has no access to the file). Losing the link can potentially mean that the actual owner would lose control completely to the user who wants to obtain access in a future day. Discussed with: Peter Jermey 2006-10-31 02:22:36 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`When`
			`.Fl P`
			`is specified with`
			`.Fl f`
			`the file will be overwritten and removed even if it has hard links.`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Sh COMPATIBILITY`
			`The`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`utility differs from historical implementations in that the`
			`.Fl f`
			`option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of`
			`masking a large variety of errors.`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`The`
brucify, `v' before `W', mention -v is non-standard in manpage and make code slightly easier to read Reviewed by: obrien 1999-09-04 03:40:10 +00:00			`.Fl v`
			`option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`Also, historical`
			`.Bx`
			`implementations prompted on the standard output,`
			`not the standard error output.`
Add the new standard EXIT STATUS section where appropriate. Sort standard sections in the (documented) preferred order. 2005-01-16 16:41:59 +00:00			`.Sh SEE ALSO`
			`.Xr chflags 1 ,`
			`.Xr rmdir 1 ,`
			`.Xr undelete 2 ,`
			`.Xr unlink 2 ,`
			`.Xr fts 3 ,`
			`.Xr getopt 3 ,`
			`.Xr symlink 7`
BSD 4.4 Lite bin Sources 1994-05-26 06:18:55 +00:00			`.Sh STANDARDS`
			`The`
.Nm rm -> .Nm. 1998-05-18 06:37:35 +00:00			`.Nm`
Update STANDARDS section on rm(1) to reflect current conformance. PR: 35471 2002-03-02 05:10:11 +00:00			`command conforms to`
			`.St -p1003.2 .`
Fix cut'n'paste niggles in previous commit. 1999-12-21 08:57:58 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`The simplified`
			`.Nm unlink`
			`command conforms to`
			`.St -susv2 .`
[HISTORY] command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX Obtained from: A Quarter Century of UNIX, Peter H. Salus, page 41 1996-08-29 18:06:19 +00:00			`.Sh HISTORY`
			`A`
			`.Nm`
			`command appeared in`
			`.At v1 .`
Add the new standard EXIT STATUS section where appropriate. Sort standard sections in the (documented) preferred order. 2005-01-16 16:41:59 +00:00			`.Sh BUGS`
			`The`
			`.Fl P`
Fix typo and grammar nit Submitted by: arundel MFC after: 7 days (or when the bikeshed has abated) 2010-10-31 19:16:54 +00:00			`option assumes that the underlying storage overwrites file blocks`
Elaborate some more on the non-security implications of using -P Submitted by: delphij Discussion at: svn-src-all 2010-10-31 09:21:27 +00:00			`when data is written to an existing offset.`
			`Several factors including the file system and its backing store could defeat`
			`this assumption.`
			`This includes, but is not limited to file systems that use a`
			`Copy-On-Write strategy (e.g. ZFS or UFS when snapshots are being used), Flash`
Fix typo and grammar nit Submitted by: arundel MFC after: 7 days (or when the bikeshed has abated) 2010-10-31 19:16:54 +00:00			`media that are using a wear leveling algorithm, or when the backing datastore`
Elaborate some more on the non-security implications of using -P Submitted by: delphij Discussion at: svn-src-all 2010-10-31 09:21:27 +00:00			`does journaling, etc.`
			`In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files are not.`