1998-05-24 20:00:27 +00:00
|
|
|
+===================== Upgrading FreeBSD ==========================+
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| 0.0 Preface |
|
|
|
|
|
| 0.1 DISCLAIMER |
|
|
|
|
|
| 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1.0 Introduction |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1.1 Upgrade Overview |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.0 Procedure |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.1 Backup |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.2 Mount Filesystems |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.3 Select Distributions |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.4 After Installation |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
+=====================================================================+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 DISCLAIMER
|
|
|
|
|
--- ----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
|
|
|
|
|
accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR
|
|
|
|
|
ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not accept the final
|
|
|
|
|
confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important
|
|
|
|
|
data files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE
|
|
|
|
|
--- --------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See section 2.4 for important details regarding changes to the
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/fstab file required during the upgrade procedure.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.0 Introduction
|
|
|
|
|
--- ------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user
|
|
|
|
|
with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves
|
|
|
|
|
standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed
|
|
|
|
|
packages and other software.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this
|
|
|
|
|
document in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so
|
|
|
|
|
may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1 Upgrade Overview
|
|
|
|
|
--- ----------------
|
|
|
|
|
Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of
|
|
|
|
|
the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to
|
|
|
|
|
the old distribution are not deleted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the
|
|
|
|
|
previous version of the following files:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Xaccel.ini, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab,
|
|
|
|
|
csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, daily, disktab, dm.conf, exports,
|
|
|
|
|
fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, host.conf, hosts,
|
|
|
|
|
hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, kerberosIV, localtime, login.access,
|
|
|
|
|
mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, mib.txt, modems,
|
|
|
|
|
monthly, motd, namedb, networks, passwd, phones, ppp, printcap,
|
|
|
|
|
profile, protocols, pwd.db, rc, rc.firewall, rc.i386, rc.local,
|
|
|
|
|
rc.network, rc.conf, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, security, sendmail.cf,
|
|
|
|
|
services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, supfile, syslog.conf, termcap,
|
|
|
|
|
ttys, uucp, weekly
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are
|
|
|
|
|
moved to /etc/upgrade/. The system administrator may peruse these new
|
|
|
|
|
versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files
|
|
|
|
|
are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all
|
|
|
|
|
site-specific data from the current files into the new.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a
|
|
|
|
|
location into which all files from /etc/ are saved. In the event that
|
|
|
|
|
local modifications have been made to other files, they may be
|
|
|
|
|
subsequently retrieved from this location.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0 Procedure
|
|
|
|
|
--- ---------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is
|
|
|
|
|
given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1 Backup
|
|
|
|
|
--- ------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
User data and system configuration should be backed up before
|
|
|
|
|
upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent
|
|
|
|
|
accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy
|
|
|
|
|
data and configuration information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 Mount Filesystems
|
|
|
|
|
--- -----------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem
|
|
|
|
|
devices listed. Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator
|
|
|
|
|
should make a note of the device names and corresponding mountpoints.
|
|
|
|
|
These mountpoints should be entered here. DO NOT set the 'newfs flag'
|
|
|
|
|
for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 Select Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
--- --------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be
|
|
|
|
|
selected. As a general rule, the 'bin' distribution should be selected
|
|
|
|
|
for an update, and the 'man' distribution if manpages are already
|
|
|
|
|
installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally
|
|
|
|
|
installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 After Installation
|
|
|
|
|
--- ------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is
|
|
|
|
|
prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks
|
|
|
|
|
should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. In
|
|
|
|
|
particular, the /etc/rc.conf and /etc/fstab files should be checked.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Read the following, but DO NOT update /etc/fstab as described below
|
|
|
|
|
until the new system has booted correctly. The upgrade procedure
|
|
|
|
|
replaces the previous FreeBSD kernel with a GENERIC kernel, and a custom
|
|
|
|
|
kernel may need to be generated to suit the local system configuration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE:
|
|
|
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD 2.2.6 introduces a change in the naming of the device from
|
|
|
|
|
which the root filesystem is mounted. This change affects all systems,
|
|
|
|
|
however user intervention is only required for systems undergoing an
|
|
|
|
|
upgrade installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Previously, the root filesystem was always mounted from the
|
|
|
|
|
compatibility slice, while other partitions on the same disk were
|
|
|
|
|
mounted from their true slice. This might, for example, have resulted
|
|
|
|
|
in an /etc/fstab file like:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0a / ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For FreeBSD 2.2.6 and later, this format changes so that the device for
|
|
|
|
|
'/' is consistent with others, ie.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2a / ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If /etc/fstab is not updated manually in this case, the system will
|
|
|
|
|
issue a warning message whenever / is mounted (normally at startup)
|
|
|
|
|
indicating the change that must be made. In addition, trouble may be
|
|
|
|
|
experienced if the root filesystem is not correctly unmounted, whereby
|
|
|
|
|
the root filesystem will not be marked clean at the next reboot.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This change should be made as soon as the upgraded system has been
|
|
|
|
|
successfully rebooted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques
|
|
|
|
|
--- ------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and
|
|
|
|
|
sophistication should take a look at the "Upgrading FreeBSD from source"
|
|
|
|
|
tutorial found at http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html. This method
|
|
|
|
|
requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space and spare time,
|
|
|
|
|
but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations.
|
