859 lines
36 KiB
Groff
859 lines
36 KiB
Groff
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.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
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. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
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.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
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\{\
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
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.TH OBJCOPY 1 "2010-10-30" "binutils-2.17.50" "GNU Development Tools"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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objcopy \- copy and translate object files
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
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[\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
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[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
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[\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
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[\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
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[\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
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[\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
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[\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
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[\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
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[\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
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[\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR|\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR]
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[\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
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[\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
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[\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
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[\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
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[\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
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[\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
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[\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
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[\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR]
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[\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
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[\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
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[\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
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[\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
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[\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
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[\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-weaken\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
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[\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
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[\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
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[\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
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[\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
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[\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
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[\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
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[\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
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[\fB\-\-pure\fR]
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[\fB\-\-impure\fR]
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[\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
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[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
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[\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
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\fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
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file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to
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read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
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file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
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exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
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Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
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between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
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between any two formats may not work as expected.
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.PP
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\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
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deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
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translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
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and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
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explicitly.
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.PP
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\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
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target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
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.PP
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\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
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output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
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\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
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a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
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relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
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the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
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.PP
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When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
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use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
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some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
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information that is not needed by the binary file.
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.PP
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Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
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files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
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\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
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same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
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(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "infile"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "outfile"
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.PD
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The input and output files, respectively.
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If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
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temporary file and destructively renames the result with
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the name of \fIinfile\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-I bfdname"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
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.PD
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Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
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attempting to deduce it.
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.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-O bfdname"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
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.PD
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Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-F bfdname"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
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.PD
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Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
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file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
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translation.
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.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-B bfdarch"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
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.PD
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Useful when transforming a raw binary input file into an object file.
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In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
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option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
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can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
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symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
|
||
|
|
called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
|
||
|
|
_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
|
||
|
|
an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-j sectionname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--only-section=sectionname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
|
||
|
|
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-R sectionname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file. This
|
||
|
|
option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
|
||
|
|
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-S"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-all"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-g"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-debug"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
|
||
|
|
Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-K symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
|
||
|
|
normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-N symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
|
||
|
|
may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
|
||
|
|
by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-G symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
|
||
|
|
to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
|
||
|
|
be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-hidden"
|
||
|
|
In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
|
||
|
|
as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
|
||
|
|
such as \fB\-L\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-L symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not
|
||
|
|
visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-W symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
|
||
|
|
Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
|
||
|
|
outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
|
||
|
|
more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-w"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--wildcard"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
|
||
|
|
line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
|
||
|
|
square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
|
||
|
|
name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
|
||
|
|
point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
|
||
|
|
For example:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
|
||
|
|
except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-x"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--discard-all"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-X"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--discard-locals"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
|
||
|
|
(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-b byte"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--byte=byte"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Keep only every \fIbyte\fRth byte of the input file (header data is not
|
||
|
|
affected). \fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIinterleave\fR\-1,
|
||
|
|
where \fIinterleave\fR is given by the \fB\-i\fR or \fB\-\-interleave\fR
|
||
|
|
option, or the default of 4. This option is useful for creating files
|
||
|
|
to program \s-1ROM\s0. It is typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output
|
||
|
|
target.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-i interleave"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--interleave=interleave"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fR bytes. Select which byte to
|
||
|
|
copy with the \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-\-byte\fR option. The default is 4.
|
||
|
|
\&\fBobjcopy\fR ignores this option if you do not specify either \fB\-b\fR or
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-byte\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-p"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--preserve-dates"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
|
||
|
|
as those of the input file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--debugging"
|
||
|
|
Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
|
||
|
|
because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
|
||
|
|
conversion process can be time consuming.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--gap-fill val"
|
||
|
|
Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
|
||
|
|
the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
|
||
|
|
the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
|
||
|
|
space created with \fIval\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--pad-to address"
|
||
|
|
Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
|
||
|
|
done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
|
||
|
|
filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--set-start val"
|
||
|
|
Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file
|
||
|
|
formats support setting the start address.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-start incr"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file
|
||
|
|
formats support setting the start address.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
|
||
|
|
address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
|
||
|
|
section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
|
||
|
|
relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
|
||
|
|
certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
|
||
|
|
that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named
|
||
|
|
\&\fIsection\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
|
||
|
|
\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
|
||
|
|
section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
|
||
|
|
above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will
|
||
|
|
be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val"
|
||
|
|
Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0
|
||
|
|
address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at
|
||
|
|
program load time. Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which
|
||
|
|
is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems,
|
||
|
|
especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be
|
||
|
|
different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
|
||
|
|
\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
|
||
|
|
section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
|
||
|
|
above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning
|
||
|
|
will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
|
||
|
|
Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0
|
||
|
|
address is the address where the section will be located once the
|
||
|
|
program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0
|
||
|
|
address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into
|
||
|
|
memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address
|
||
|
|
is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted
|
||
|
|
from the section address. See the comments under
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in
|
||
|
|
the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-warnings"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not
|
||
|
|
exist, issue a warning. This is the default.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
|
||
|
|
if the named section does not exist.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--set-section-flags section=flags"
|
||
|
|
Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fR argument is a
|
||
|
|
comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are
|
||
|
|
\&\fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR, \fBnoload\fR,
|
||
|
|
\&\fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR, \fBshare\fR, and
|
||
|
|
\&\fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag for a section which
|
||
|
|
does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the
|
||
|
|
\&\fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have contents\*(--just remove
|
||
|
|
the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file
|
||
|
|
formats.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
|
||
|
|
Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
|
||
|
|
contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
|
||
|
|
size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
|
||
|
|
works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
|
||
|
|
Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
|
||
|
|
changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
|
||
|
|
the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that
|
||
|
|
the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
|
||
|
|
executable.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
|
||
|
|
since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
|
||
|
|
you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
|
||
|
|
data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
|
||
|
|
\& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
|
||
|
|
\& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--change-leading-char"
|
||
|
|
Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
|
||
|
|
symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
|
||
|
|
often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
|
||
|
|
change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
|
||
|
|
object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
|
||
|
|
character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
|
||
|
|
character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
|
||
|
|
appropriate.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
|
||
|
|
If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
|
||
|
|
character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
|
||
|
|
most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
|
||
|
|
remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
|
||
|
|
if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
|
||
|
|
different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
|
||
|
|
when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
|
||
|
|
file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
|
||
|
|
Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
|
||
|
|
be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
|
||
|
|
take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
|
||
|
|
target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
|
||
|
|
fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
|
||
|
|
regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
|
||
|
|
endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
|
||
|
|
bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
|
||
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
|
||
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
|
||
|
|
output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
|
||
|
|
Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
|
||
|
|
being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
|
||
|
|
crc fields.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
|
||
|
|
Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
|
||
|
|
creating S3\-only record format.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
|
||
|
|
Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
|
||
|
|
when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
|
||
|
|
source, and there are name collisions.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
|
||
|
|
listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
|
||
|
|
with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
||
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken"
|
||
|
|
Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
|
||
|
|
when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
|
||
|
|
the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
|
||
|
|
using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
||
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
||
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
|
||
|
|
the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
|
||
|
|
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
||
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
|
||
|
|
file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
|
||
|
|
symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
|
||
|
|
character. This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
||
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
||
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
|
||
|
|
Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
|
||
|
|
\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
|
||
|
|
name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
|
||
|
|
This option may be given more than once.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
|
||
|
|
If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
|
||
|
|
\&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
|
||
|
|
a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
|
||
|
|
new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
|
||
|
|
being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
|
||
|
|
alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
|
||
|
|
number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--writable-text"
|
||
|
|
Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
||
|
|
object file formats.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--readonly-text"
|
||
|
|
Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
||
|
|
object file formats.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--pure"
|
||
|
|
Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
||
|
|
object file formats.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--impure"
|
||
|
|
Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
|
||
|
|
object file formats.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
|
||
|
|
Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
|
||
|
|
Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
|
||
|
|
Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
|
||
|
|
\&\fIstring\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
|
||
|
|
Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR
|
||
|
|
and adds it to the output file.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
|
||
|
|
When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
|
||
|
|
which would otherwise get stripped.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
|
||
|
|
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
|
||
|
|
stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
|
||
|
|
intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
|
||
|
|
stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
|
||
|
|
distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
|
||
|
|
needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
|
||
|
|
to create these files is as follows:
|
||
|
|
.RS 4
|
||
|
|
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>"
|
||
|
|
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
|
||
|
|
create a file containing the debugging info.
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
|
||
|
|
stripped executable.
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
|
||
|
|
to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
|
||
|
|
.RE
|
||
|
|
.RS 4
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Note \- the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
|
||
|
|
file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
|
||
|
|
optional. You could instead do this:
|
||
|
|
.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
|
||
|
|
.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
|
||
|
|
.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
|
||
|
|
.RE
|
||
|
|
.RS 4
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
|
||
|
|
full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
|
||
|
|
\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Note \- this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
|
||
|
|
does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
|
||
|
|
information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
|
||
|
|
currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
|
||
|
|
debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
|
||
|
|
basis.
|
||
|
|
.RE
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--extract-symbol"
|
||
|
|
Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
|
||
|
|
Specifically, the option:
|
||
|
|
.RS 4
|
||
|
|
.IP "*<sets the virtual and load addresses of every section to zero;>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "*<sets the virtual and load addresses of every section to zero;>"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
|
||
|
|
.IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
|
||
|
|
.IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
|
||
|
|
.RE
|
||
|
|
.RS 4
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
|
||
|
|
It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
|
||
|
|
linker input file.
|
||
|
|
.RE
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-V"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--version"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "-v"
|
||
|
|
.PD 0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--verbose"
|
||
|
|
.PD
|
||
|
|
Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
|
||
|
|
archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--help"
|
||
|
|
Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "--info"
|
||
|
|
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "@file"
|
||
|
|
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
|
||
|
|
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
|
||
|
|
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
|
||
|
|
literally, and not removed.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
|
||
|
|
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
|
||
|
|
option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
|
||
|
|
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
|
||
|
|
with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
|
||
|
|
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
|
||
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
\&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
|
||
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
|
||
|
|
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||
|
|
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
||
|
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||
|
|
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
|
||
|
|
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
|
||
|
|
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
|