freebsd-nq/sys/dev/ata/ata-queue.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1998 - 2004 S<EFBFBD>ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer,
 *    without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");

#include "opt_ata.h"
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/ata.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/bio.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/sema.h>
#include <sys/taskqueue.h>
#include <vm/uma.h>
#include <machine/bus.h>
#include <sys/rman.h>
#include <dev/ata/ata-all.h>

/* prototypes */
static void ata_completed(void *, int);
static void ata_timeout(struct ata_request *);
static char *ata_skey2str(u_int8_t);

void
ata_queue_request(struct ata_request *request)
{
    struct ata_channel *ch = request->device->channel;

    /* mark request as virgin */
    request->result = request->status = request->error = 0;
    callout_init(&request->callout, 1);

    if (!request->callback && !(request->flags & ATA_R_REQUEUE))
	sema_init(&request->done, 0, "ATA request done");

    /* in IMMEDIATE_MODE we dont queue but call HW directly */
    /* used only during reinit for getparm and config */
    if ((ch->flags & ATA_IMMEDIATE_MODE) &&
	(request->flags & (ATA_R_CONTROL | ATA_R_IMMEDIATE))) {

	/* arm timeout */
	if (!dumping)
	    callout_reset(&request->callout, request->timeout * hz,
			  (timeout_t*)ata_timeout, request);
	
	/* kick HW into action */
	ch->running = request;
	if (ch->hw.begin_transaction(request) == ATA_OP_FINISHED) {
	    ch->running = NULL;
	    callout_drain(&request->callout);
	    if (!request->callback) 
		sema_destroy(&request->done);
	    return;
	}
    }
    else  {
	/* put request on the locked queue at the specified location */
	mtx_lock(&ch->queue_mtx);
	if (request->flags & ATA_R_IMMEDIATE)
	    TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ch->ata_queue, request, chain);
	else
	    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ch->ata_queue, request, chain);
	mtx_unlock(&ch->queue_mtx);
	ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "queued");
	ata_start(ch);
    }

    /* if this is a requeued request callback/sleep has been setup */
    if (request->flags & ATA_R_REQUEUE)
	return;

    /* if this is not a callback wait until request is completed */
    if (!request->callback) {
	ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "wait for completition");
	sema_wait(&request->done);
	sema_destroy(&request->done);
    }
}

int
ata_controlcmd(struct ata_device *atadev, u_int8_t command, u_int16_t feature,
	       u_int64_t lba, u_int16_t count)
{
    struct ata_request *request = ata_alloc_request();
    int error = ENOMEM;

    if (request) {
	request->device = atadev;
	request->u.ata.command = command;
	request->u.ata.lba = lba;
	request->u.ata.count = count;
	request->u.ata.feature = feature;
	request->flags = ATA_R_CONTROL;
	request->timeout = 5;
	request->retries = 0;
	ata_queue_request(request);
	error = request->result;
	ata_free_request(request);
    }
    return error;
}

int
ata_atapicmd(struct ata_device *atadev, u_int8_t *ccb, caddr_t data,
	     int count, int flags, int timeout)
{
    struct ata_request *request = ata_alloc_request();
    int error = ENOMEM;

    if (request) {
	request->device = atadev;
	if ((atadev->param->config & ATA_PROTO_MASK) == ATA_PROTO_ATAPI_12)
	    bcopy(ccb, request->u.atapi.ccb, 12);
	else
	    bcopy(ccb, request->u.atapi.ccb, 16);
	request->data = data;
	request->bytecount = count;
	request->transfersize = min(request->bytecount, 65534);
	request->flags = flags | ATA_R_ATAPI;
	request->timeout = timeout;
	ata_queue_request(request);
	error = request->result;
	ata_free_request(request);
    }
    return error;
}

void
ata_start(struct ata_channel *ch)
{
    struct ata_request *request;

    /* if in immediate mode, just skip start requests (stall queue) */
    if (ch->flags & ATA_IMMEDIATE_MODE)
	return;

    /* if we dont have any work, ask the subdriver(s) */
    mtx_lock(&ch->queue_mtx);
    if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&ch->ata_queue)) {
	mtx_unlock(&ch->queue_mtx);
	if (ch->device[MASTER].start)
	    ch->device[MASTER].start(&ch->device[MASTER]);
	if (ch->device[SLAVE].start)
	    ch->device[SLAVE].start(&ch->device[SLAVE]);
	mtx_lock(&ch->queue_mtx);
    }

    /* if we have a request on the queue try to get it running */
    if ((request = TAILQ_FIRST(&ch->ata_queue))) {

	/* we need the locking function to get the lock for this channel */
	if (ch->locking(ch, ATA_LF_LOCK) == ch->unit) {

	    /* check for the right state */
	    mtx_lock(&ch->state_mtx);
	    if (ch->state == ATA_IDLE) {
		ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "starting");
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&ch->ata_queue, request, chain);
		ch->running = request;
		ch->state = ATA_ACTIVE;
		if (!dumping)
		    callout_reset(&request->callout, request->timeout * hz,
				  (timeout_t*)ata_timeout, request);
		if (ch->hw.begin_transaction(request) == ATA_OP_FINISHED) {
		    ch->running = NULL;
		    ch->state = ATA_IDLE;
		    mtx_unlock(&ch->queue_mtx);
		    mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);
		    ch->locking(ch, ATA_LF_UNLOCK);
		    ata_finish(request);
		    return;
		}
	    }
	    mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);
	}
    }
    mtx_unlock(&ch->queue_mtx);
}

void
ata_finish(struct ata_request *request)
{
    struct ata_channel *ch = request->device->channel;

    /* schedule it for completition */
    if (ch->flags & ATA_IMMEDIATE_MODE) {
	ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "finish directly");
	ata_completed(request, 0);
    }
    else {
	if (!dumping)
	    callout_reset(&request->callout, request->timeout * hz,
			  (timeout_t*)ata_timeout, request);
	if (request->bio && !(request->flags & ATA_R_TIMEOUT)) {
	    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "finish bio_taskqueue");
	    bio_taskqueue(request->bio, (bio_task_t *)ata_completed, request);
	}
	else {
	    TASK_INIT(&request->task, 0, ata_completed, request);
	    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "finish taskqueue_thread");
	    taskqueue_enqueue(taskqueue_thread, &request->task);
	}
    }
}

static void
ata_completed(void *context, int dummy)
{
    struct ata_request *request = (struct ata_request *)context;
    struct ata_channel *ch = request->device->channel;

    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "completed entered");

    /* if we had a timeout, reinit channel and deal with the falldown */
    if (request->flags & ATA_R_TIMEOUT) {
	/*
	 * if reinit succeeds, retries still permit and device didn't
	 * get removed by the reinit, reinject request
	 */
	if (!ata_reinit(ch) && request->retries-- > 0
	    && request->device->param){
	    request->flags &= ~(ATA_R_TIMEOUT | ATA_R_DEBUG);
	    request->flags |= (ATA_R_IMMEDIATE | ATA_R_REQUEUE);
	    request->donecount = 0;
	    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "completed reinject");
	    ata_queue_request(request);
	    return;
	}

	/* nothing more to try so finish with error */
	if (!(request->flags & ATA_R_QUIET))
	    ata_prtdev(request->device,
		       "FAILURE - %s timed out\n",
		       ata_cmd2str(request));
	if (!request->result)
	    request->result = EIO;
    }
    else {
	/* untimeout request now we have control back */
	callout_drain(&request->callout);

	/* if this is a soft ECC error warn about it */
	if ((request->status & (ATA_S_CORR | ATA_S_ERROR)) == ATA_S_CORR) {
	    ata_prtdev(request->device,
		       "WARNING - %s soft error (ECC corrected)",
		       ata_cmd2str(request));
	    if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
		printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
	    printf("\n");
	}

	/* if this is a UDMA CRC error, retry request */
	if (request->flags & ATA_R_DMA && request->error & ATA_E_ICRC) {
	    if (request->retries-- > 0) {
		ata_prtdev(request->device,
			   "WARNING - %s UDMA ICRC error (retrying request)",
			   ata_cmd2str(request));
		if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
		    printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
		printf("\n");
		request->flags |= (ATA_R_IMMEDIATE | ATA_R_REQUEUE);
		ata_queue_request(request);
		return;
	    }
	}
    }

    switch (request->flags & ATA_R_ATAPI) {

    /* ATA errors */
    default:
	if (!request->result && request->status & ATA_S_ERROR) {
	    if (!(request->flags & ATA_R_QUIET)) {
		ata_prtdev(request->device,
			   "FAILURE - %s status=%b error=%b", 
			   ata_cmd2str(request),
			   request->status, "\20\10BUSY\7READY\6DMA_READY"
			   "\5DSC\4DRQ\3CORRECTABLE\2INDEX\1ERROR",
			   request->error, "\20\10ICRC\7UNCORRECTABLE"
			   "\6MEDIA_CHANGED\5NID_NOT_FOUND\4MEDIA_CHANGE_REQEST"
			   "\3ABORTED\2NO_MEDIA\1ILLEGAL_LENGTH");
		if ((request->flags & ATA_R_DMA) &&
		    (request->dmastat & ATA_BMSTAT_ERROR))
		    printf(" dma=0x%02x", request->dmastat);
		if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
		    printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
		printf("\n");
	    }

	    /* SOS this could be more precise ? XXX */
	    request->result = EIO;
	}
	break;

    /* ATAPI errors */
    case ATA_R_ATAPI:
	/* skip if result already set */
	if (request->result)
	    break;

	/* if we have a sensekey -> request sense from device */
	if (request->error & ATA_SK_MASK &&
	    request->u.atapi.ccb[0] != ATAPI_REQUEST_SENSE) {
	    static u_int8_t ccb[16] = { ATAPI_REQUEST_SENSE, 0, 0, 0,
                			sizeof(struct atapi_sense),
					0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

	    request->u.atapi.sense_key = request->error;
	    request->u.atapi.sense_cmd = request->u.atapi.ccb[0];
	    bcopy(ccb, request->u.atapi.ccb, 16);
	    request->data = (caddr_t)&request->u.atapi.sense_data;
	    request->bytecount = sizeof(struct atapi_sense);
	    request->transfersize = sizeof(struct atapi_sense);
	    request->timeout = 5;
	    request->flags &= (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_QUIET);
	    request->flags |= (ATA_R_READ | ATA_R_IMMEDIATE | ATA_R_REQUEUE);
	    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "autoissue request sense");
	    ata_queue_request(request);
	    return;
	}

	switch (request->u.atapi.sense_key & ATA_SK_MASK) {
	case ATA_SK_RECOVERED_ERROR:
	    ata_prtdev(request->device, "WARNING - %s recovered error\n",
		       ata_cmd2str(request));
	    /* FALLTHROUGH */

	case ATA_SK_NO_SENSE:
	    request->result = 0;
	    break;

	case ATA_SK_NOT_READY: 
	    request->result = EBUSY;
	    break;

	case ATA_SK_UNIT_ATTENTION:
	    request->device->flags |= ATA_D_MEDIA_CHANGED;
	    request->result = EIO;
	    break;

	default:
	    request->result = EIO;
	    if (request->flags & ATA_R_QUIET)
		break;

	    ata_prtdev(request->device,
		       "FAILURE - %s %s asc=0x%02x ascq=0x%02x ",
		       ata_cmd2str(request), ata_skey2str(
		       (request->u.atapi.sense_key & ATA_SK_MASK) >> 4),
		       request->u.atapi.sense_data.asc,
		       request->u.atapi.sense_data.ascq);
	    if (request->u.atapi.sense_data.sksv)
		printf("sks=0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x ",
		       request->u.atapi.sense_data.sk_specific,
		       request->u.atapi.sense_data.sk_specific1,
		       request->u.atapi.sense_data.sk_specific2);
	    printf("error=%b\n",
		   (request->u.atapi.sense_key & ATA_E_MASK),
		   "\20\4MEDIA_CHANGE_REQUEST\3ABORTED"
		   "\2NO_MEDIA\1ILLEGAL_LENGTH");
	}

	if ((request->u.atapi.sense_key ?
	     request->u.atapi.sense_key : request->error) & ATA_E_MASK)
	    request->result = EIO;
    }

    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "completed callback/wakeup");

    /* get results back to the initiator */
    if (request->callback)
	(request->callback)(request);
    else
	sema_post(&request->done);

    ata_start(ch);
}

static void
ata_timeout(struct ata_request *request)
{
    struct ata_channel *ch = request->device->channel;

    mtx_lock(&ch->state_mtx);

    ATA_DEBUG_RQ(request, "timeout");

    /* if interrupt has been seen, shout and just rearm timeout */
    if (request->flags & ATA_R_INTR_SEEN) {
        ata_prtdev(request->device,
		   "WARNING - %s interrupt was seen but timeout fired",
		   ata_cmd2str(request));
	if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
	    printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
	printf("\n");

	/* re-arm timeout */
	if (!dumping)
	    callout_reset(&request->callout, request->timeout * hz,
			  (timeout_t*)ata_timeout, request);
	mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);
	return;
    }

    /*
     * if we are waiting for a command to complete set ATA_TIMEOUT so
     * we wont loose the race with an eventual interrupt arriving late
     */
    if (ch->state == ATA_ACTIVE) {
	request->flags |= ATA_R_TIMEOUT;
        ch->state = ATA_TIMEOUT;
        ch->running = NULL;
	if (!(request->flags & ATA_R_QUIET) && request->retries > 0) {
	    ata_prtdev(request->device,
		       "TIMEOUT - %s retrying (%d retr%s left)",
		       ata_cmd2str(request), request->retries,
		       request->retries == 1 ? "y" : "ies");
	    if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
		printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
	    printf("\n");
	}
	ch->hw.end_transaction(request);
	mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);
	ata_finish(request);
    }
    else {
	mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);
	ata_prtdev(request->device, "timeout state=%d unexpected\n", ch->state);
    }
}

void
ata_catch_inflight(struct ata_channel *ch)
{
    struct ata_request *request;

    mtx_lock(&ch->state_mtx);
    request = ch->running;
    ch->running = NULL;
    mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);

    if (request) {
        callout_drain(&request->callout);
        ata_prtdev(request->device,
                   "WARNING - %s requeued due to channel reset",
                   ata_cmd2str(request));
        if (!(request->flags & (ATA_R_ATAPI | ATA_R_CONTROL)))
            printf(" LBA=%llu", (unsigned long long)request->u.ata.lba);
        printf("\n");
        request->flags |= ATA_R_REQUEUE;
        ata_queue_request(request);
    }
}

void
ata_fail_requests(struct ata_channel *ch, struct ata_device *device)
{
    struct ata_request *request;

    /* fail all requests queued on this channel */
    mtx_lock(&ch->queue_mtx);
    while ((request = TAILQ_FIRST(&ch->ata_queue))) {
	if (!device || request->device == device) {
	    TAILQ_REMOVE(&ch->ata_queue, request, chain);
	    request->result = ENXIO;
	    if (request->callback)
		(request->callback)(request);
	    else
		sema_post(&request->done);
	}
    }
    mtx_unlock(&ch->queue_mtx);

    mtx_lock(&ch->state_mtx);
    request = ch->running;
    ch->running = NULL;
    mtx_unlock(&ch->state_mtx);

    /* if we have a request "in flight" fail it as well */
    if (request && (!device || request->device == device)) {
	callout_drain(&request->callout);
	request->result = ENXIO;
	if (request->callback)
	    (request->callback)(request);
	else
	    sema_post(&request->done);
    }
}

char *
ata_cmd2str(struct ata_request *request)
{
    static char buffer[20];

    if (request->flags & ATA_R_ATAPI) {
	switch (request->u.atapi.sense_key ?
		request->u.atapi.sense_cmd : request->u.atapi.ccb[0]) {
	case 0x00: return ("TEST_UNIT_READY");
	case 0x01: return ("REZERO");
	case 0x03: return ("REQUEST_SENSE");
	case 0x04: return ("FORMAT");
	case 0x08: return ("READ");
	case 0x0a: return ("WRITE");
	case 0x10: return ("WEOF");
	case 0x11: return ("SPACE");
	case 0x12: return ("INQUIRY");
	case 0x15: return ("MODE_SELECT");
	case 0x19: return ("ERASE");
	case 0x1a: return ("MODE_SENSE");
	case 0x1b: return ("START_STOP");
	case 0x1e: return ("PREVENT_ALLOW");
	case 0x23: return ("ATAPI_READ_FORMAT_CAPACITIES");
	case 0x25: return ("READ_CAPACITY");
	case 0x28: return ("READ_BIG");
	case 0x2a: return ("WRITE_BIG");
	case 0x2b: return ("LOCATE");
	case 0x34: return ("READ_POSITION");
	case 0x35: return ("SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE");
	case 0x3b: return ("WRITE_BUFFER");
	case 0x3c: return ("READ_BUFFER");
	case 0x42: return ("READ_SUBCHANNEL");
	case 0x43: return ("READ_TOC");
	case 0x45: return ("PLAY_10");
	case 0x47: return ("PLAY_MSF");
	case 0x48: return ("PLAY_TRACK");
	case 0x4b: return ("PAUSE");
	case 0x51: return ("READ_DISK_INFO");
	case 0x52: return ("READ_TRACK_INFO");
	case 0x53: return ("RESERVE_TRACK");
	case 0x54: return ("SEND_OPC_INFO");
	case 0x55: return ("MODE_SELECT_BIG");
	case 0x58: return ("REPAIR_TRACK");
	case 0x59: return ("READ_MASTER_CUE");
	case 0x5a: return ("MODE_SENSE_BIG");
	case 0x5b: return ("CLOSE_TRACK/SESSION");
	case 0x5c: return ("READ_BUFFER_CAPACITY");
	case 0x5d: return ("SEND_CUE_SHEET");
	case 0xa1: return ("BLANK_CMD");
	case 0xa3: return ("SEND_KEY");
	case 0xa4: return ("REPORT_KEY");
	case 0xa5: return ("PLAY_12");
	case 0xa6: return ("LOAD_UNLOAD");
	case 0xad: return ("READ_DVD_STRUCTURE");
	case 0xb4: return ("PLAY_CD");
	case 0xbb: return ("SET_SPEED");
	case 0xbd: return ("MECH_STATUS");
	case 0xbe: return ("READ_CD");
	case 0xff: return ("POLL_DSC");
	}
    }
    else {
	switch (request->u.ata.command) {
	case 0x00: return ("NOP");
	case 0x08: return ("ATAPI_RESET");
	case 0x20: return ("READ");
	case 0x24: return ("READ48");
	case 0x25: return ("READ_DMA48");
	case 0x26: return ("READ_DMA_QUEUED48");
	case 0x29: return ("READ_MUL48");
	case 0x30: return ("WRITE");
	case 0x34: return ("WRITE48");
	case 0x35: return ("WRITE_DMA48");
	case 0x36: return ("WRITE_DMA_QUEUED48");
	case 0x39: return ("WRITE_MUL48");
	case 0xa0: return ("PACKET_CMD");
	case 0xa1: return ("ATAPI_IDENTIFY");
	case 0xa2: return ("SERVICE");
	case 0xc4: return ("READ_MUL");
	case 0xc5: return ("WRITE_MUL");
	case 0xc6: return ("SET_MULTI");
	case 0xc7: return ("READ_DMA_QUEUED");
	case 0xc8: return ("READ_DMA");
	case 0xca: return ("WRITE_DMA");
	case 0xcc: return ("WRITE_DMA_QUEUED");
	case 0xe6: return ("SLEEP");
	case 0xe7: return ("FLUSHCACHE");
	case 0xea: return ("FLUSHCACHE48");
	case 0xec: return ("ATA_IDENTIFY");
	case 0xef:
	    switch (request->u.ata.feature) {
	    case 0x03: return ("SETFEATURES SET TRANSFER MODE");
	    case 0x02: return ("SETFEATURES ENABLE WCACHE");
	    case 0x82: return ("SETFEATURES DISABLE WCACHE");
	    case 0xaa: return ("SETFEATURES ENABLE RCACHE");
	    case 0x55: return ("SETFEATURES DISABLE RCACHE");
	    }
    	    sprintf(buffer, "SETFEATURES 0x%02x", request->u.ata.feature);
	    return buffer;
	}
    }
    sprintf(buffer, "unknown CMD (0x%02x)", request->u.ata.command);
    return buffer;
}

static char *
ata_skey2str(u_int8_t skey)
{
    switch (skey) {
    case 0x00: return ("NO SENSE");
    case 0x01: return ("RECOVERED ERROR");
    case 0x02: return ("NOT READY");
    case 0x03: return ("MEDIUM ERROR");
    case 0x04: return ("HARDWARE ERROR");
    case 0x05: return ("ILLEGAL REQUEST");
    case 0x06: return ("UNIT ATTENTION");
    case 0x07: return ("DATA PROTECT");
    case 0x08: return ("BLANK CHECK");
    case 0x09: return ("VENDOR SPECIFIC");
    case 0x0a: return ("COPY ABORTED");
    case 0x0b: return ("ABORTED COMMAND");
    case 0x0c: return ("EQUAL");
    case 0x0d: return ("VOLUME OVERFLOW");
    case 0x0e: return ("MISCOMPARE");
    case 0x0f: return ("RESERVED");
    default: return("UNKNOWN");
    }
}