2001-06-15 08:45:43 +00:00
|
|
|
This fortune brought to you by:
|
|
|
|
$FreeBSD$
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Having trouble using FTP through a firewall? Try setting the environment
|
|
|
|
variable FTP_PASSIVE_MODE to yes, and see ftp(1) for more details.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
By pressing "Scroll Lock" you can use the arrow keys to scroll backward
|
|
|
|
through the console output. Press "Scroll Lock" again to turn it off.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Want colour in your directory listings? Use "ls -G". "ls -F" is also useful,
|
|
|
|
and they can be combined as "ls -FG".
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you need to ask a question on the FreeBSD-questions mailing list then
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/\
|
|
|
|
freebsd-questions/index.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contains lots of useful advice to help you get the best results.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you'd like to keep track of applications in the FreeBSD ports tree, take a
|
|
|
|
look at FreshPorts;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.freshports.org/
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To search for files that match a particular name, use find(1); for example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
find / -name "*GENERIC*" -ls
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
will search '/', and all subdirectories, for files with 'GENERIC' in the name.
|
|
|
|
-- Stephen Hilton <nospam@hiltonbsd.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
In tcsh, you can `set autolist' to have the shell automatically show
|
|
|
|
all the possible matches when doing filename/directory expansion.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can `set autologout = 30' to have tcsh log you off automatically
|
|
|
|
if you leave the shell idle for more than 30 seconds.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you `set filec' (file completion) in tcsh and write a part of the
|
|
|
|
filename, pressing TAB will show you the available choices when there
|
|
|
|
is more than one, or complete the filename if there's only one match.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can press up-arrow or down-arrow to walk through a list of
|
|
|
|
previous commands in tcsh.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can disable tcsh's terminal beep if you `set nobeep'.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you `set watch (0 any any)' in tcsh, you will be notified when
|
|
|
|
someone logs in or out of your system.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%m %# '
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m%# '
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m:%~%# '
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m:%/%# '
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '[%B%m%b] %B%~%b%# '
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Simple tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%# '
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you want df(1) and other commands to display disk sizes in
|
|
|
|
kilobytes instead of 512-byte blocks, set BLOCKSIZE in your
|
|
|
|
environment to 'K'.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To change an environment variable in tcsh you use: setenv NAME "value"
|
|
|
|
where NAME is the name of the variable and "value" its new value.
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To change an environment variable in /bin/sh use:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ VARIABLE="value"
|
|
|
|
$ export VARIABLE
|
|
|
|
-- Giorgos Keramidas <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
/etc/make.conf contains overrides to /etc/defaults/make.conf, which
|
|
|
|
controls the options used to compile software on this system.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To do a fast search for a file, try
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
locate filename
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
locate uses a database that is updated every saturday (assuming your computer
|
|
|
|
is running FreeBSD at the time) to quickly find files based on name only.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
In order to search for a string in some files, use 'grep' like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
grep "string" filename1 [filename2 filename3 ...]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This will print out the lines in the files that contain the string. grep can
|
|
|
|
also do a lot more advanced searches - type 'man grep' for details.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can use the 'fetch' command to retrieve files over ftp or http.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fetch http://www.freebsd.org/index.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
will download the front page of the FreeBSD web site.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
In order to make fetch (the FreeBSD downloading tool) ask for
|
|
|
|
username/password when it encounter a password-protected web page, you can set
|
|
|
|
the environment variable HTTP_AUTH to 'basic:*'.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can permanently set environment variables for your shell by putting them
|
|
|
|
in a startup file for the shell. The name of the startup file varies
|
2001-06-25 20:41:42 +00:00
|
|
|
depending on the shell - csh and tcsh uses .login, bash, sh, ksh and zsh use
|
|
|
|
.profile. When using bash, sh, ksh or zsh, don't forget to export the
|
|
|
|
variable.
|
2001-06-15 08:45:43 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you are running xterm, the default TERM variable will be 'xterm'. If you
|
|
|
|
set this environment variable to 'xterm-color' instead, a lot of programs will
|
|
|
|
use colors. You can do this by
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TERM=xterm-color; export TERM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Bourne-derived shells, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
setenv TERM xterm-color
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in csh-derived shells.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you accidently drop into /bin/sh (e.g, due to a computer failure where you
|
|
|
|
end up in single user mode), you can make the cursor keys work by typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
set -E
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The E represents the initial E in Emacs (for emacs keys).
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you do not want to get beeps in X11 (X Windows), you can turn them off with
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
xset b off
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can look through a file in a nice text-based interface by typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
less filename
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
The default editor in FreeBSD is vi, which is efficient to use when you have
|
|
|
|
learned it, but somewhat user-unfriendly. To use ee (an easier but less
|
|
|
|
powerful editor) instead, set the environment variable EDITOR to /usr/bin/ee
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you accidently end up inside vi, you can quit it by pressing Escape, colon
|
|
|
|
(:), q (q), bang (!) and pressing return.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can use aliases to decrease the amount of typing you need to do to get
|
|
|
|
commands you commonly use. Examples of fairly popular aliases include (in
|
|
|
|
bourne shell style, as in /bin/sh, bash, ksh, and zsh):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
alias lf="ls -FA"
|
|
|
|
alias ll="ls -lA"
|
|
|
|
alias su="su -m"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In csh or tcsh, these would be
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
alias lf ls -FA
|
|
|
|
alias ll ls -lA
|
|
|
|
alias su su -m
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To remove an alias, you can usually use 'unalias aliasname'. To list all
|
|
|
|
aliases, you can usually type just 'alias'.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
In order to support national characters for european languages in tools like
|
|
|
|
less without creating other nationalisation aspects, set the environment
|
|
|
|
variable LC_ALL to 'en_US.ISO8859-1'.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can search for documentation on a keyword by typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
apropos keyword
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Man pages are divided into section depending on topic. There are 9 different
|
|
|
|
sections numbered from 1 (General Commands) to 9 (Kernel Developer's Manual).
|
|
|
|
You can get an introduction to each topic by typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
man <number> intro
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In other words, to get the intro to general commands, type
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
man 1 intro
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD is started up by the program 'init'. The first thing init does when
|
|
|
|
starting multiuser mode (ie, starting the computer up for normal use) is to
|
|
|
|
run the shell script /etc/rc. By reading /etc/rc, you can learn a lot about
|
|
|
|
how the system is put together, which again will make you more confident about
|
|
|
|
what happens when you do something with it.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you want to play CDs with FreeBSD, a utility for this is already included.
|
|
|
|
Type 'cdcontrol' then 'help' to learn more. (You may need to set the CDROM
|
|
|
|
environment variable in order to make cdcontrol want to start.)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you have a CD-ROM drive in your machine, you can make the CD-ROM that is
|
|
|
|
presently inserted available by typing 'mount /cdrom' as root. The CD-ROM
|
2001-06-20 20:14:36 +00:00
|
|
|
will be available under /cdrom/. Remember to do 'umount /cdrom' before
|
2001-06-15 08:45:43 +00:00
|
|
|
removing the CD-ROM (it will usually not be possible to remove the CD-ROM
|
|
|
|
without doing this.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: This tip may not work in all configurations.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can install extra packages for FreeBSD by using the ports system.
|
|
|
|
If you have installed it, you can download, compile, and install software by
|
|
|
|
just typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# cd /usr/ports/<category>/<portname>
|
|
|
|
# make install && make clean
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root. The ports infrastructure will download the software, change it so
|
|
|
|
it works on FreeBSD, compile it, install it, register the installation so it
|
|
|
|
will be possible to automatically uninstall it, and clean out the temporary
|
|
|
|
working space it used. You can remove an installed port you decide you do not
|
|
|
|
want after all by typing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# cd /usr/ports/<category>/<portname>
|
|
|
|
# make deinstall
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Nice bash prompt: PS1='(\[$(tput md)\]\t <\w>\[$(tput me)\]) $(echo $?) \$ '
|
|
|
|
-- Mathieu <mathieu@hal.interactionvirtuelle.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the output from when your computer started, run dmesg(8). If it has
|
|
|
|
been replaced with other messages, look at /var/run/dmesg.boot.
|
|
|
|
-- Francisco Reyes <lists@natserv.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can use "whereis" to locate standard binary, manual page and source
|
|
|
|
directories for the specified programs. This can be particularly handy
|
|
|
|
when you are trying to find where in the ports tree an application is.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Try "whereis netscape" and "whereis whereis".
|
|
|
|
-- Konstantinos Konstantinidis <kkonstan@duth.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can press Ctrl-D to quickly exit from a shell, or logout from a
|
|
|
|
login shell.
|
|
|
|
-- Konstantinos Konstantinidis <kkonstan@duth.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can use "pkg_info" to see a list of packages you have installed.
|
|
|
|
-- Konstantinos Konstantinidis <kkonstan@duth.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can change the video mode on all consoles by adding something like
|
|
|
|
the following to /etc/rc.conf:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
allscreens="80x30"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use "vidcontrol -i mode | grep T" for a list of supported text
|
|
|
|
modes.
|
|
|
|
-- Konstantinos Konstantinidis <kkonstan@duth.gr>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Any user that is a member of the wheel group can use "su -" to simulate
|
|
|
|
a root login. You can add a user to the wheel group by editing /etc/group.
|
|
|
|
-- -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis <kkonstan@duth.gr>
|
2001-06-15 10:47:30 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Over quota? "du -s * | sort -n " will give you a sorted list of your
|
|
|
|
directory sizes.
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Handy bash(1) prompt: PS1="\u@\h \w \!$ "
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
man -k "something" will give you a list of manpages that have "something"
|
|
|
|
in their description.
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Ever wonder what those numbers after command names were, as in cat(1)? It's
|
|
|
|
the section of the manual the man page is in. "man man" will tell you more.
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
"man hier" will explain the way FreeBSD filesystems are normally laid out.
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
"man tuning" gives some tips how to tune performance of your FreeBSD system.
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
"man firewall" will give advice for building a FreeBSD firewall
|
|
|
|
-- David Scheidt <dscheidt@tumbolia.com>
|
2001-06-15 18:23:44 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can often get answers to your questions about FreeBSD by searching in the
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD mailing list archives at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.freebsd.org/search.html
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can adjust the volume of various parts of the sound system in your
|
|
|
|
computer by typing 'mixer <type> <volume>'. To get a list of what you can
|
|
|
|
adjust, just type 'mixer'.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can automatically download and install binary packages by doing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pkg_add -r <URL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
where you replace <URL> with the URL to the package. This will also
|
|
|
|
automatically install the packages the package you download is dependent on
|
|
|
|
(ie, the packages it needs in order to work.)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can get a good standard workstation install by using the
|
|
|
|
instant-workstation port/package. If you have ports installed, you can
|
|
|
|
install it by doing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# cd /usr/ports/misc/instant-workstation
|
|
|
|
# make install && make clean
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root. This will install a collection of packages that is convenient to
|
|
|
|
have on a workstation.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can get a good generic server install by using the
|
|
|
|
instant-server port/package. If you have ports installed, you can
|
|
|
|
install it by doing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# cd /usr/ports/misc/instant-server
|
|
|
|
# make install && make clean
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root. This will install a collection of packages that is appropriate for
|
|
|
|
running a "generic" server.
|
2001-06-16 11:42:28 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can make a log of you terminal session with script(1).
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
"man ports" gives many useful hints about installing FreeBSD ports.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
ports/net/netcat port is useful not only for redirecting input/output
|
|
|
|
to TCP or UDP connections, but also for proxying them. See inetd(8) for
|
|
|
|
details.
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If other operating systems have damaged your Master Boot Record, you can
|
|
|
|
reinstall it either with /stand/sysinstall or with boot0cfg(8). See
|
|
|
|
"man boot0cfg" for details.
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to see the calendar for this month? Simply type "cal". To see the
|
|
|
|
whole year, type "cal 2001".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to quickly return to your home directory? Type "cd".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the last time that you logged in, use lastlogin(8).
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To clear the screen, use "clear". To re-display your screen buffer, press
|
|
|
|
the scroll lock key and use your page up button. When you're finished,
|
|
|
|
press the scroll lock key again to get your prompt back.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To save disk space in your home directory, can compress files you
|
|
|
|
rarely use with "gzip filename".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To read a compressed file without having to first uncompress it, use
|
|
|
|
"zcat" or "zmore" to view it.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see how much disk space is left on your partitions, use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
df -h
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the 10 largest files on a directory or partition, use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
du /partition_or_directory_name | sort -rn | head
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To determine whether a file is a text file, executable, or some other type
|
|
|
|
of file, use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
file filename
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Time to change your password? Type "passwd" and follow the prompts.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Want to know how many words, lines, or bytes are contained in a file? Type
|
|
|
|
"wc filename".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to print a manpage? Use
|
|
|
|
|
2001-06-19 05:46:30 +00:00
|
|
|
man name_of_manpage | col -bx | lpr
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to remove all those ^M characters from a DOS file? Try
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
col -bx < dosfile > newfile
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Forget what directory you are in? Type "pwd".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you are in the C shell and have just installed a new program, you won't
|
|
|
|
be able to run it unless you first type "rehash".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to leave your terminal for a few minutes and don't want to logout?
|
|
|
|
Use "lock -p". When you return, use your password as the key to unlock the
|
|
|
|
terminal.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
2001-06-19 16:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
Need to find the location of a program? Use "locate program_name".
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Forget how to spell a word or a variation of a word? Use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
look portion_of_word_you_know
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the last 10 lines of a long file, use "tail filename". To see the
|
|
|
|
first 10 lines, use "head filename".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see how long it takes a command to run, type the word "time" before the
|
|
|
|
command name.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To quickly create an empty file, use "touch filename".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To find out the hostname associated with an IP address, use
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dig -x IP_address
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you use the C shell, add the following line to the .cshrc file in your
|
|
|
|
home directory to prevent core files from being written to disk:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
limit coredumpsize 0
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
If you need a reminder to leave your terminal, type "leave hhmm" where
|
|
|
|
"hhmm" represents in how many hours and minutes you need to leave.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to do a search in a manpage or in a file you've sent to a pager? Use
|
|
|
|
"/search_word". To repeat the same search, type "n" for next.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Forget when Easter is? Try "ncal -e". If you need the date for Orthodox
|
|
|
|
Easter, use "ncal -o" instead.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to see your routing table? Type "netstat -rn". The entry with the G
|
|
|
|
flag is your gateway.
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to see which daemons are listening for connection requests? Use
|
2001-06-19 16:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
"sockstat -4l" for IPv4, and "sockstat -l" for IPv4 and IPv6.
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Can't remember is you've installed a certain port or not? Try "pkg_info |
|
|
|
|
grep port_name".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Got some time to kill? Try typing "hangman".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To erase a line you've written at the command prompt, use "Ctrl u".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To repeat the last command in the C shell, type "!!".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
Need to quickly empty a file? Use "echo > filename".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see all of the directories on your FreeBSD system, type
|
|
|
|
|
2001-06-19 16:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
ls -R / | more
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the IP addresses currently set on your active interfaces, type
|
|
|
|
"ifconfig -u".
|
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
To see the MAC addresses of the NICs on your system, type
|
|
|
|
|
2001-06-19 16:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
ifconfig -a
|
2001-06-16 16:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
-- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>
|
2001-06-19 16:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can save your kernel startup configuration with kget(8). The
|
|
|
|
Configuration can be edited at boot time with 'boot -c' command in loader.
|
|
|
|
See boot(8), loader(8) for details.
|
2001-06-25 20:44:03 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
You can open up a new split-screen window in (n)vi with :N or :E and then
|
|
|
|
use ^w to switch between the two.
|
2001-06-25 20:45:52 +00:00
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
sh (the default bourne shell in FreeBSD) supports command-line editing. Just
|
|
|
|
``set -o emacs'' or ``set -o vi'' to enable it.
|