diff --git a/etc/Makefile b/etc/Makefile
index e84853d072df..7d5dd186dd73 100644
--- a/etc/Makefile
+++ b/etc/Makefile
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ distribute:
 
 distribution:
 	cd ${.CURDIR}; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 		${BIN1} ${DESTDIR}/etc; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 755 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 755 \
 		${BIN2} ${DESTDIR}/etc; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 \
 		master.passwd nsmb.conf opieaccess ${DESTDIR}/etc; \
 	    pwd_mkdb -p -d ${DESTDIR}/etc ${DESTDIR}/etc/master.passwd
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/defaults; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/defaults; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 	    ${DEFAULTS} ${DESTDIR}/etc/defaults
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/periodic; ${MAKE} install
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/rc.d; ${MAKE} install
@@ -92,73 +92,73 @@ distribution:
 .endif
 .if exists(${.CURDIR}/../crypto) && !defined(NO_OPENSSL)
 .if !defined(NO_OPENSSH)
-	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 	    ${SSH} ${DESTDIR}/etc/ssh
 .endif
-	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 	    ${SSL} ${DESTDIR}/etc/ssl
 .endif
 .if !defined(NO_MAKEDEV_INSTALL)
-	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 555 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 555 \
 	    MAKEDEV.local MAKEDEV ${DESTDIR}/dev
 .if !defined(NO_MAKEDEV_RUN)
 	cd ${DESTDIR}/dev; sh MAKEDEV all
 .endif
 .endif
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/root; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 		dot.cshrc ${DESTDIR}/root/.cshrc; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 		dot.klogin ${DESTDIR}/root/.klogin; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 		dot.login ${DESTDIR}/root/.login; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 		dot.profile ${DESTDIR}/root/.profile; \
 	    rm -f ${DESTDIR}/.cshrc ${DESTDIR}/.profile; \
 	    ln ${DESTDIR}/root/.cshrc ${DESTDIR}/.cshrc; \
 	    ln ${DESTDIR}/root/.profile ${DESTDIR}/.profile
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/mtree; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/mtree; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 	    ${MTREE} ${DESTDIR}/etc/mtree
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/namedb; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/namedb; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 	    ${NAMEDB} ${DESTDIR}/etc/namedb
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/ppp; ${INSTALL} -c -o root -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/ppp; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o root -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 \
 	    ${PPPCNF} ${DESTDIR}/etc/ppp
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/mail; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/mail; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 \
 	    ${ETCMAIL} ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail
 	@if [ -d ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail -a -f ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail/aliases -a \
 	      ! -f ${DESTDIR}/etc/aliases ]; then \
 		set -x; \
 		ln -s mail/aliases ${DESTDIR}/etc/aliases; \
 	fi
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g operator -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g operator -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/etc/dumpdates
-	${INSTALL} -c -o nobody -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o nobody -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/db/locate.database
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/auth.log
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/cron
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/lpd-errs
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 640 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 640 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/maillog
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/lastlog
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/messages
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 600 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/security
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g network -m 640 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g network -m 640 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/slip.log
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g network -m 640 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g network -m 640 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/ppp.log
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/wtmp
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/run/utmp
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 ${.CURDIR}/minfree \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 ${.CURDIR}/minfree \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/crash
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/..; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/..; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 		${FREEBSD} ${DESTDIR}/
 .if !defined(NOMAN)
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/../share/man; ${MAKE} makedb
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ distrib-dirs:
 	done
 
 etc-examples:
-	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 	    ${BIN1} ${BIN2} nsmb.conf opieaccess \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/examples/etc
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/defaults; ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/defaults; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 	    ${DEFAULTS} ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/examples/etc/defaults
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/etc/isdn/Makefile b/etc/isdn/Makefile
index ec787260aa29..35aad239b76a 100644
--- a/etc/isdn/Makefile
+++ b/etc/isdn/Makefile
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ I4BETCFILE=	holidays.D		\
 
 install:
 		for i in ${I4BETCPROG} ; do \
-		  ${INSTALL} -c -o root -g wheel -m 700 $$i ${DESTDIR}/etc/isdn ; \
+		  ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o root -g wheel -m 700 $$i ${DESTDIR}/etc/isdn ; \
 		done ; \
 		for i in ${I4BETCFILE} ; do \
-		  ${INSTALL} -c -o root -g wheel -m 600 $$i ${DESTDIR}/etc/isdn ; \
+		  ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o root -g wheel -m 600 $$i ${DESTDIR}/etc/isdn ; \
 		done
 
diff --git a/etc/mail/Makefile b/etc/mail/Makefile
index 1212cf9d0fbd..51afb8a3e156 100644
--- a/etc/mail/Makefile
+++ b/etc/mail/Makefile
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ install: install-cf install-submit-cf
 
 install-cf:	${INSTALL_CF}
 .if ${INSTALL_CF} != /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
-	${INSTALL} -c -m ${SHAREMODE} ${INSTALL_CF} /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${INSTALL_CF} /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
 .endif
 
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ install-submit-cf:	${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF}
 	@false
 .else
 .if ${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF} != /etc/mail/submit.cf
-	${INSTALL} -c -m ${SHAREMODE} ${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF} /etc/mail/submit.cf
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF} /etc/mail/submit.cf
 .endif
 .endif
 
diff --git a/etc/periodic/Makefile.inc b/etc/periodic/Makefile.inc
index aba831316adf..b3d98fb64b62 100644
--- a/etc/periodic/Makefile.inc
+++ b/etc/periodic/Makefile.inc
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ BINDIR=	/etc/periodic/${.CURDIR:T}
 NOOBJ=
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 755 ${BIN} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 755 ${BIN} \
 	    ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR} 
diff --git a/etc/sendmail/Makefile b/etc/sendmail/Makefile
index 394d7b1498ca..58abfbf36879 100644
--- a/etc/sendmail/Makefile
+++ b/etc/sendmail/Makefile
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ distribution:	freebsd.cf freebsd.mc ${INSTALL_CF} ${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF}
 	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 freebsd.cf \
 		${DEST_CF}
 .endif
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.mc \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.mc \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail/freebsd.submit.mc
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.cf \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.cf \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail/freebsd.submit.cf
 .ifndef SENDMAIL_SET_USER_ID
 .if defined(INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF)
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ distribution:	freebsd.cf freebsd.mc ${INSTALL_CF} ${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF}
 		${INSTALL_SUBMIT_CF} ${DEST_SUBMIT_CF}
 .endif
 .else
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.cf \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${CFDIR}/cf/submit.cf \
 	    ${DEST_SUBMIT_CF}
 .endif
 .endif
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${SMDIR}/helpfile \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${SMDIR}/helpfile \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/etc/mail/helpfile
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 640 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 640 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/log/sendmail.st
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/games/battlestar/Makefile b/games/battlestar/Makefile
index a6be83c3c073..fc73db98ed82 100644
--- a/games/battlestar/Makefile
+++ b/games/battlestar/Makefile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ HIDEGAME=hidegame
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/battlestar.log)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/battlestar.log
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/canfield/canfield/Makefile b/games/canfield/canfield/Makefile
index 650e784eefb5..eeff9611109d 100644
--- a/games/canfield/canfield/Makefile
+++ b/games/canfield/canfield/Makefile
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ MLINKS=	canfield.6 cfscores.6
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/cfscores)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/cfscores
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/cribbage/Makefile b/games/cribbage/Makefile
index 53448a74d35d..dbffc7b053eb 100644
--- a/games/cribbage/Makefile
+++ b/games/cribbage/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ HIDEGAME=hidegame
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/criblog)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/criblog
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/hack/Makefile b/games/hack/Makefile
index ce503afd991e..b00f50fa2850 100644
--- a/games/hack/Makefile
+++ b/games/hack/Makefile
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ makedefs: makedefs.o
 	${CC} -static ${CFLAGS} ${LDFLAGS} -o ${.TARGET} ${.ALLSRC}
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/hackdir/perm
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/hackdir/record)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 460 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 460 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/hackdir/record
 .endif
 #	rm -f ${DESTDIR}/var/games/hackdir/bones* \
diff --git a/games/larn/Makefile b/games/larn/Makefile
index a15eba61e25a..d31c969ca283 100644
--- a/games/larn/Makefile
+++ b/games/larn/Makefile
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ HIDEGAME=hidegame
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/larn/lscore12.0)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 660 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 660 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/larn/lscore12.0
 .endif
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/larn/llog12.0)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 660 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 660 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/larn/llog12.0
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/robots/Makefile b/games/robots/Makefile
index 1c2ef0d329fc..dd0fa393e22f 100644
--- a/games/robots/Makefile
+++ b/games/robots/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ HIDEGAME=hidegame
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/robots_roll)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/robots_roll
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/rogue/Makefile b/games/rogue/Makefile
index 95734e9f33f5..01f458237f18 100644
--- a/games/rogue/Makefile
+++ b/games/rogue/Makefile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ MAN=	rogue.6
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/rogue.scores)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/rogue.scores
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/sail/Makefile b/games/sail/Makefile
index c921c83dd01d..216d69981657 100644
--- a/games/sail/Makefile
+++ b/games/sail/Makefile
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ HIDEGAME=hidegame
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/saillog)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/saillog
 .endif
 
diff --git a/games/snake/snake/Makefile b/games/snake/snake/Makefile
index 597044d7237a..ada40326d99c 100644
--- a/games/snake/snake/Makefile
+++ b/games/snake/snake/Makefile
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ MLINKS=	snake.6 snscore.6
 
 beforeinstall:
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/snakerawscores)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/snakerawscores
 .endif
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}/var/games/snake.log)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 664 /dev/null \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/var/games/snake.log
 .endif
 
diff --git a/gnu/lib/libdialog/Makefile b/gnu/lib/libdialog/Makefile
index 40d98b4d3c6e..856b7773f3df 100644
--- a/gnu/lib/libdialog/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/lib/libdialog/Makefile
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ DPADD+= ${LIBNCURSES}
 .if !defined(NOHTML)
 afterinstall:
 .for file in ${EXAMPLES}
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 	      ${.CURDIR}/TESTS/${file} ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/examples/libdialog
 .endfor
 .endif
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/contrib/mm/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/contrib/mm/Makefile
index 03568029767b..13686f0c4729 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/contrib/mm/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/contrib/mm/Makefile
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ CLEANFILES+=	${MAN}
 beforeinstall:
 .for locale in ${LOCALE}
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}${TMACDIR}/mm/${locale})
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${FILESOWN} -g ${FILESGRP} -m ${FILESMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${FILESOWN} -g ${FILESGRP} -m ${FILESMODE} \
 		/dev/null ${DESTDIR}${TMACDIR}/mm/${locale}
 .endif
 .endfor
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/font/Makefile.dev b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/font/Makefile.dev
index 85be29ab73bb..e3066cac010d 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/font/Makefile.dev
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/font/Makefile.dev
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ DEVICEDIR?=	${fontdir}/dev${DEV}
 all: ${DEVFILES}
 
 beforeinstall: ${DEVFILES}
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
 		${.ALLSRC} ${DESTDIR}${DEVICEDIR}
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/src/utils/indxbib/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/src/utils/indxbib/Makefile
index eae694a2f755..3a5c786c3364 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/src/utils/indxbib/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/src/utils/indxbib/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ LDADD=		${LIBBIB} ${LIBGROFF} -lm
 CLEANFILES=	${MAN}
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
 	    ${DIST_DIR}/eign ${DESTDIR}${SHAREDIR}/dict/
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/Makefile
index c384ed3097e3..d7da734474cf 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/groff/tmac/Makefile
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ $f-s: $f
 
 beforeinstall:
 	cd ${DIST_DIR}; \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${TMACOWN} -g ${TMACGRP} -m ${TMACMODE} \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${TMACOWN} -g ${TMACGRP} -m ${TMACMODE} \
 	    ${NORMALFILES} ${DESTDIR}${TMACDIR}
 	cd ${.CURDIR}; \
 	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${TMACOWN} -g ${TMACGRP} -m ${TMACMODE} \
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ beforeinstall:
 	    $f-s ${DESTDIR}${MDOCDIR}/$f
 .endfor
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}${TMACDIR}/man.local)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${TMACOWN} -g ${TMACGRP} -m ${TMACMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${TMACOWN} -g ${TMACGRP} -m ${TMACMODE} \
 	    ${DIST_DIR}/man.local ${DESTDIR}${TMACDIR}
 .endif
 
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/rcsfreeze/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/rcsfreeze/Makefile
index c52f93e04fdb..b59217b55586 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/rcsfreeze/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/rcsfreeze/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MAN=	rcsfreeze.1
 
 afterinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
 		${.CURDIR}/rcsfreeze.sh ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/rcsfreeze
 
 .include "../../Makefile.inc"
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/send-pr/Makefile b/gnu/usr.bin/send-pr/Makefile
index 55aa5e6c6625..1f698b1e0941 100644
--- a/gnu/usr.bin/send-pr/Makefile
+++ b/gnu/usr.bin/send-pr/Makefile
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ send-pr.el:	send-pr-el.in Makefile
 
 # called from /usr/src/etc/Makefile 
 etc-gnats-freefall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 0644 \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 0644 \
 		${.CURDIR}/categories  ${DESTDIR}/etc/gnats/freefall
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/kerberosIV/share/info/Makefile b/kerberosIV/share/info/Makefile
index 0360a58be245..1fa5c021d2f5 100644
--- a/kerberosIV/share/info/Makefile
+++ b/kerberosIV/share/info/Makefile
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 #       @(#)Makefile    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 NOOBJ=  noobj
 
 all clean cleandir depend lint tags:
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 dir-tmpl \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 dir-tmpl \
 		${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/info/dir-tmpl
 	if [ ! -f ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/info/dir ]; then \
-		${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 dir-tmpl \
+		${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 dir-tmpl \
 			${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/info/dir ; \
 	fi
 
diff --git a/lib/libncurses/Makefile b/lib/libncurses/Makefile
index 4de3c8a3643a..fd76152270c7 100644
--- a/lib/libncurses/Makefile
+++ b/lib/libncurses/Makefile
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ DOCS=	ncurses-intro.html hackguide.html
 afterinstall:
 .for file in ${DOCS}
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/../../contrib/ncurses/doc/html ; \
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${file} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${file} \
 		${DESTDIR}${DOCSDIR}
 .endfor
 .endif
diff --git a/lib/ncurses/ncurses/Makefile b/lib/ncurses/ncurses/Makefile
index 4de3c8a3643a..fd76152270c7 100644
--- a/lib/ncurses/ncurses/Makefile
+++ b/lib/ncurses/ncurses/Makefile
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ DOCS=	ncurses-intro.html hackguide.html
 afterinstall:
 .for file in ${DOCS}
 	cd ${.CURDIR}/../../contrib/ncurses/doc/html ; \
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${file} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${file} \
 		${DESTDIR}${DOCSDIR}
 .endfor
 .endif
diff --git a/sbin/mount_msdosfs/Makefile b/sbin/mount_msdosfs/Makefile
index 25e0a21060b4..caa909804b64 100644
--- a/sbin/mount_msdosfs/Makefile
+++ b/sbin/mount_msdosfs/Makefile
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TABLES= iso22dos iso72dos koi2dos koi8u2dos
 
 afterinstall:
 	cd ${.CURDIR} && \
-	    ${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} \
+	    ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} \
 	    ${TABLES} ${TABDIR}
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/share/colldef/Makefile b/share/colldef/Makefile
index 3dde203b8509..fa2beb20b665 100644
--- a/share/colldef/Makefile
+++ b/share/colldef/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ uk_UA.KOI8-U.out:       map.KOI8-U
 
 afterinstall:
 .for locale in ${LOCALES}
-	${INSTALL} -c -m 644 -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -m 644 -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} \
 		${locale}.out ${LOCALEDIR}/${locale}/LC_COLLATE
 .endfor
 .for link in ${ASCIILINKS}
diff --git a/share/examples/Makefile b/share/examples/Makefile
index d2cd800dd59a..c0044f4089ee 100644
--- a/share/examples/Makefile
+++ b/share/examples/Makefile
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ beforeinstall: etc-examples ${SHARED}
 FILES!=	find -L ${dir} \( -name CVS -prune \) -o -type f -print
 .for file in ${FILES}
 copies::
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 ${file} ${DDIR}/${file}
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 644 ${file} ${DDIR}/${file}
 .endfor
 .endfor
 
diff --git a/share/examples/isdn/i4brunppp/Makefile b/share/examples/isdn/i4brunppp/Makefile
index 80cde94d31e2..c530da6f95cf 100644
--- a/share/examples/isdn/i4brunppp/Makefile
+++ b/share/examples/isdn/i4brunppp/Makefile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ install:
 	@echo user-ppp in dial-in server under i4b, please copy it into /etc/isdn.
 
 installetc:	i4brunppp
-	${INSTALL} -c -m ${BINMODE} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -m ${BINMODE} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} \
 		${.CURDIR}/i4brunppp ${RUNPPPDEST}
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/share/info/Makefile b/share/info/Makefile
index 2a75fe44c835..d144d48c9793 100644
--- a/share/info/Makefile
+++ b/share/info/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ beforeinstall:
 	@exit 3;
 .endif
 .if !exists(${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/dir)
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${INFOOWN} -g ${INFOGRP} -m ${INFOMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${INFOOWN} -g ${INFOGRP} -m ${INFOMODE} \
 		 dir-tmpl ${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/dir
 .endif
diff --git a/share/sendmail/Makefile b/share/sendmail/Makefile
index 23fefebc4b91..274e4b12e5de 100644
--- a/share/sendmail/Makefile
+++ b/share/sendmail/Makefile
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ copies::
 	${INSTALL} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 755 -d ${DDIR}/${dir}
 .endfor
 .for file in ${CFFILES}
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${SENDMAIL_DIR}/${file} ${DDIR}/${file}
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 ${SENDMAIL_DIR}/${file} ${DDIR}/${file}
 .endfor
 
 symlinks::
diff --git a/share/skel/Makefile b/share/skel/Makefile
index cee9708df396..dbd3a004d908 100644
--- a/share/skel/Makefile
+++ b/share/skel/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #	@(#)Makefile	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
+# $FreeBSD$
 
 FILES1= dot.cshrc dot.login dot.login_conf dot.mailrc dot.profile dot.shrc
 FILES2=	dot.mail_aliases dot.rhosts 
@@ -10,9 +11,9 @@ NOOBJ=	noobj
 all clean cleandir depend lint tags:
 
 install:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${MODE1} ${FILES1} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${MODE1} ${FILES1} \
 	    ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/skel
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${MODE2} ${FILES2} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${MODE2} ${FILES2} \
 	    ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/skel
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/share/syscons/fonts/Makefile b/share/syscons/fonts/Makefile
index a9c133625d0b..0680c328a4ae 100644
--- a/share/syscons/fonts/Makefile
+++ b/share/syscons/fonts/Makefile
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ NOMAN = noman
 NOOBJ = noobj
 
 install:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${FONTS} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${FONTS} \
 		${DESTDIR}${FONTDIR}
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/share/syscons/keymaps/Makefile b/share/syscons/keymaps/Makefile
index 5099320683f4..c5f98fcb8358 100644
--- a/share/syscons/keymaps/Makefile
+++ b/share/syscons/keymaps/Makefile
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ NOMAN = noman
 NOOBJ = noobj
 
 install:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${KEYMAPS} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${SHAREMODE} ${KEYMAPS} \
 	    ${DESTDIR}${MAPSDIR}
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/Makefile b/share/zoneinfo/Makefile
index 6ce6503d10ce..fc7666cf0d56 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/Makefile
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/Makefile
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ beforeinstall:
 	zic -D -d ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/zoneinfo -p ${POSIXRULES} \
 	    -u ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} \
 	    ${LEAPFILE} -y ${YEARISTYPE} ${TZFILES}
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
 	    ${.CURDIR}/zone.tab ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/zoneinfo/
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/calendar/Makefile b/usr.bin/calendar/Makefile
index e09f40bf230d..32670b9b3a57 100644
--- a/usr.bin/calendar/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/calendar/Makefile
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ HR_LINKS=       hr_HR.ISO_8859-2
 TEXTMODE?=	444
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${TEXTMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${TEXTMODE} \
 	    ${.CURDIR}/calendars/calendar.* ${DESTDIR}${SHAREDIR}/calendar
 .for lang in ${INTER}
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}${SHAREDIR}/calendar/${lang}
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${TEXTMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${TEXTMODE} \
 		${.CURDIR}/calendars/${lang}/calendar.* \
 		${DESTDIR}${SHAREDIR}/calendar/${lang} 
 .endfor
diff --git a/usr.bin/locate/locate/Makefile b/usr.bin/locate/locate/Makefile
index 37058a0aae1b..5ddb9f163f76 100644
--- a/usr.bin/locate/locate/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/locate/locate/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SCRIPTSNAME_${script}=	locate.${script:R}
 MLINKS+= locate.updatedb.8 updatedb.8
 
 # only /usr/src/etc/Makefile install files in /etc
-#	${INSTALL} -c -o root -g wheel -m 644 \
+#	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o root -g wheel -m 644 \
 #		${.CURDIR}/locate.rc ${DESTDIR}/etc
 
 .include "../../Makefile.inc"
diff --git a/usr.bin/mail/Makefile b/usr.bin/mail/Makefile
index fb1d046f0291..6891c7728d72 100644
--- a/usr.bin/mail/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/mail/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ MLINKS=	mail.1 Mail.1 mail.1 mailx.1
 .PATH: ${.CURDIR}/misc
 
 etc-mailrc:
-	cd ${.CURDIR}/misc; ${INSTALL} -c -o root -g wheel \
+	cd ${.CURDIR}/misc; ${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o root -g wheel \
 	    -m 644 ${EFILES} ${DESTDIR}/etc
 
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/Makefile
index 9481bd8d33b3..43df74db9c6d 100644
--- a/usr.bin/vi/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/Makefile
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ ex_noperl.c: ex_perl.c
 CLEANFILES+=	ex_notcl.c ex_noperl.c
 
 afterinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 		${CATALOGS:S;^;${SRCDIR}/catalog/;} \
 		${DESTDIR}/usr/share/vi/catalog
 	for l in ${NLLINKS}; do \
diff --git a/usr.sbin/pcvt/keycap/Makefile b/usr.sbin/pcvt/keycap/Makefile
index c85dba4ce8fc..02b06ee0da3e 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/pcvt/keycap/Makefile
+++ b/usr.sbin/pcvt/keycap/Makefile
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ CFLAGS+= -DKEYCAP_PATH=\"$(CAPPATH)\"
 #CLEANFILES+=	keycap.0 man5/keycap.0
 
 beforeinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${NOBINMODE} \
 	    ${.CURDIR}/${KEYCAPSRC} ${DESTDIR}${CAPPATH}
 
 .include <bsd.lib.mk>
diff --git a/usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/Makefile b/usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/Makefile
index 871a57881f92..7d94b070a7e0 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/Makefile
+++ b/usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/Makefile
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ yppasswd_private_svc.c: yppasswd_private.x
 	sed s/"static int _rpcsvcstate = _IDLE"/"extern int _rpcsvcstate"/g > ${.TARGET}
 
 afterinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m ${BINMODE} \
 	    ${.CURDIR}/yppwupdate \
 	    ${DESTDIR}/usr/libexec/yppwupdate
 
diff --git a/usr.sbin/ypserv/Makefile b/usr.sbin/ypserv/Makefile
index 30c3f3f1109b..3c762c6dc58d 100644
--- a/usr.sbin/ypserv/Makefile
+++ b/usr.sbin/ypserv/Makefile
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ yp.h: yp.x
 	${RPCGEN} -h -o ${.TARGET} ${RPCDIR}/yp.x
 
 afterinstall:
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 444 \
 		${.CURDIR}/Makefile.yp \
 		${DESTDIR}/var/yp/Makefile.dist
-	${INSTALL} -c -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 555 \
+	${INSTALL} ${COPY} -o ${BINOWN} -g ${BINGRP} -m 555 \
 		${.CURDIR}/ypinit.sh ${DESTDIR}${BINDIR}/ypinit
 	@if [ ! -f ${DESTDIR}/var/yp/Makefile.dist ]; then \
 		ln -s	${DESTDIR}/var/yp/Makefile.dist \