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The .Nm utility

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This commit is contained in:
Philippe Charnier 2002-07-14 14:47:15 +00:00
parent fb9f73c4dd
commit 490d5836b5
139 changed files with 928 additions and 620 deletions
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17
sbin/setkey/setkey.8
View File

@ -54,13 +54,15 @@
.Fl x
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
Security Association Database (SAD) entries
as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
.Pp
The
.Nm
takes a series of operations from the standard input
utility takes a series of operations from the standard input
(if invoked with
.Fl c )
or the file named
@ -79,8 +81,7 @@ If with
.Fl P ,
the SPD entries are flushed.
.It Fl a
.Nm
usually does not display dead SAD entries with
Dead SAD entries are usually not displayed with
.Fl D .
If with
.Fl a ,
@ -195,8 +196,9 @@ Meta-arguments are as follows:
.It Ar dst
Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
IPv4/v6 address.
The
.Nm
does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
utility does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst .
@ -368,8 +370,9 @@ The square bracket around
is really necessary.
They are not manpage metacharacters.
.Pp
The
.Nm
does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
utility does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst .
@ -623,7 +626,7 @@ The command exits with 0 on success, and non-zero on errors.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
The command was completely re-designed in June 1998.
.\"
.\" .Sh BUGS

6
usr.sbin/IPXrouted/IPXrouted.8
View File

@ -48,8 +48,9 @@
.Op Fl t
.Op Ar logfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is invoked at boot time to manage the IPX routing tables.
utility is invoked at boot time to manage the IPX routing tables.
The IPX routing daemon uses the Novell IPX Routing
Information Protocol in maintaining up to date kernel routing
table entries.
@ -110,8 +111,9 @@ system and marked
is ignored). If multiple interfaces
are present, it is assumed the host will forward packets
between networks.
The
.Nm
then transmits a
utility then transmits a
.Em request
packet on each interface (using a broadcast packet if
the interface supports it) and enters a loop, listening

4
usr.sbin/ac/ac.8
View File

@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ times are written to it by
and
.Xr init 8 ,
respectively.
.Nm \&Ac
The
.Nm
utility
examines these records and writes the accumulated connect time (in hours)
for all logins to the standard output.
.Pp

2
usr.sbin/accton/accton.8
View File

@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used
utility is used
for switching system accounting on or off.
If called with the argument
.Ar acctfile ,

6
usr.sbin/acpi/acpiconf/acpiconf.8
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command allows the user control of the ACPI power management
utility allows the user control of the ACPI power management
functions.
The following command-line options are recognized:
.Bl -tag -width indent
@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ and
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Mitsuru Iwasaki Aq iwasaki@FreeBSD.org .
This manual page was written by
.An Dag-Erling Co\(:idan Sm\(/orgrav Aq des@FreeBSD.org .

11
usr.sbin/acpi/acpidump/acpidump.8
View File

@ -47,7 +47,8 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command analyzes ACPI tables in physical memory and dumps them to standard output.
utility analyzes ACPI tables in physical memory and dumps them to
standard output.
In addition,
.Nm
can disassemble AML
@ -60,8 +61,9 @@ Differentiated System Description Table),
that includes information used on the kernel side such as
detailed information about PnP hardware, procedures for controlling
power management support and so on.
The
.Nm
can extract the DSDT data block from physical memory and store it into
utility can extract the DSDT data block from physical memory and store it into
a DSDT data file, and also can generate an output in ASL
from a given DSDT data file.
.Pp
@ -87,8 +89,9 @@ called SDTs
and their header has a common format which consists of items
such as Signature, Length, Revision, Checksum, OEMID, OEM Table ID,
OEM Revision, Creator ID and Creator Revision.
The
.Nm
dumps contents of these SDTs.
utility dumps contents of these SDTs.
For further information about formats of each table,
see chapter 5:
.Dq ACPI Software Programming Model
@ -180,5 +183,5 @@ and
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .

14
usr.sbin/acpi/amldb/amldb.8
View File

@ -40,15 +40,17 @@
.Op Fl dhst
.Ar dsdt_file ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Amldb
parses the DSDT
The
.Nm
utility parses the DSDT
(Differentiated System Description Table)
files, which usually are acquired from ACPI BIOS, and executes
the sequence of ACPI Control Methods described in AML
(ACPI Machine Language)
with its AML interpreter.
.Nm Amldb
also has a simple ACPI virtual machine. During execution of the
The
.Nm
utility also has a simple ACPI virtual machine. During execution of the
Control Methods each access to the region, such as
SystemMemory, SystemIO, PCI_Config, does not affect the real
hardware but only the virtual machine.
@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ DSDT data file is read.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following is an example including, invoking the
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
searching
.Li _PRS
(Possible Resource Settings)
@ -332,5 +334,5 @@ and
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .

13
usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8
View File

@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
.Op Fl v | verbose
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Adduser
is a simple program for adding new users.
Adduser checks
The
.Nm
utility is a simple program for adding new users. It checks
the passwd, group and shell databases.
It creates passwd/group entries,
.Ev HOME
@ -189,8 +189,9 @@ Recommended for novice users.
.Ql Pa #
is a comment.
.It Sy configuration file
.Nm Adduser
reads and writes this file.
The
.Nm
utility reads and writes this file.
See
.Pa /etc/adduser.conf
for more details.
@ -239,5 +240,5 @@ logfile for adduser
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 2.1 .

24
usr.sbin/adduser/rmuser.8
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@
.Op Fl y
.Op Ar username
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The utility
The
.Nm
utility
.Pp
.Bl -enum
.It
@ -76,7 +77,9 @@ the group is removed; this complements
per-user unique groups).
.El
.Pp
.Nm Rmuser
The
.Nm
utility
politely refuses to remove users whose uid is 0 (typically root), since
certain actions (namely, killing all the user's processes, and perhaps
removing the user's home directory) would cause damage to a running system.
@ -139,17 +142,19 @@ interactively asks for the user to be removed.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 2.2 .
.\" .Sh AUTHOR
.\" Guy Helmer, Ames, Iowa
.Sh BUGS
.Nm Rmuser
does not comprehensively search the filesystem for all files
The
.Nm
utility does not comprehensively search the filesystem for all files
owned by the removed user and remove them; to do so on a system
of any size is prohibitively slow and I/O intensive.
.Nm Rmuser
also is unable to remove symbolic links that were created by the
The
.Nm
utility also is unable to remove symbolic links that were created by the
user in
.Pa /tmp
or
@ -165,6 +170,7 @@ and
.Pa /var/mail/.pop.username
that are not owned by the removed user but should be removed.
.Pp
.Nm Rmuser
has no knowledge of NIS (Yellow Pages), and it operates only on the
The
.Nm
utility has no knowledge of NIS (Yellow Pages), and it operates only on the
local password file.

10
usr.sbin/ancontrol/ancontrol.8
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@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command controls the operation of Aironet wireless networking
utility controls the operation of Aironet wireless networking
devices via the
.Xr an 4
driver.
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ to point) or infrastructure mode, and the network name of a service
set to join.
The
.Nm
command can also be used to view the current NIC status, configuration
utility can also be used to view the current NIC status, configuration
and to dump out the values of the card's statistics counters.
.Pp
The
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ will be assumed.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command is not designed to support the combination of arguments from different
utility is not designed to support the combination of arguments from different
.Sx SYNOPSIS
lines in a single
.Nm
@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ and uses transmit key 0.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh BUGS
The statistics counters do not seem to show the amount of transmit
@ -522,5 +522,5 @@ Setting the channel does not seem to have any effect.
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ee.columbia.edu .

9
usr.sbin/apm/apm.8
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@ -27,11 +27,14 @@
.Pp
.Nm zzz
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Apm
The
.Nm
utility
controls the Intel / Microsoft APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS and
displays the current status of APM on laptop PCs.
.Nm Zzz
suspends the system by controlling APM.
The
.Nm zzz
utility suspends the system by controlling APM.
.Pp
The following options are available for
.Nm

24
usr.sbin/apmd/apmd.8
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@ -40,7 +40,9 @@
.Op Fl f file
.Op Fl v
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Apmd
The
.Nm
utility
monitors the occurrence of the specified Advanced Power Management
.Pq Tn APM
events and, if one of the events occurs, it executes the sequence of
@ -58,8 +60,9 @@ Therefore, if you wish action to be taken when these events
occur, you need to explicitly configure the appropriate commands or
built-in functions in the configuration file.
.Pp
.Nm Apmd
recognizes the following runtime options:
The
.Nm
utility recognizes the following runtime options:
.Bl -tag -width -f_file
.It Fl d
Starts in debug mode. This causes
@ -88,8 +91,9 @@ If the
process receives a SIGHUP, it will reread its configuration file and
notify the APM device driver of any changes to its configuration.
.Pp
.Nm Apmd
uses the device
The
.Nm
utility uses the device
.Pa /dev/apmctl
to issue
.Xr ioctl 2
@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ complete the request just yet.
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon creates the file
utility creates the file
.Pa /var/run/apmd.pid ,
and stores its process
id there.
@ -202,15 +206,17 @@ The command list for the event should be enclosed by
.Ql {
and
.Ql } .
The
.Nm
uses
utility uses
.Pa /bin/sh
for double-quotation enclosed command execution, just as with
.Xr system 3 .
Each command is executed in order until the end of
the list is reached or a command finishes with a non-zero status code.
The
.Nm
will report any failed command's status code via
utility will report any failed command's status code via
.Xr syslog 3
and will then reject the request event posted by the APM BIOS.
.Ed
@ -292,5 +298,5 @@ and
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 3.3 .

6
usr.sbin/arp/arp.8
View File

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program displays and modifies the Internet-to-Ethernet address translation
utility displays and modifies the Internet-to-Ethernet address translation
tables used by the address resolution protocol
.Pq Xr arp 4 .
With no flags, the program displays the current
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ except any existing
.Tn ARP
entry for this host will be deleted first.
.It Fl f Ar filename
Causes the file
Cause the file
.Ar filename
to be read and multiple entries to be set in the
.Tn ARP
@ -171,5 +171,5 @@ with argument meanings as given above.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .

21
usr.sbin/atm/atmarpd/atmarpd.8
View File

@ -38,12 +38,14 @@
.Aq Ar net_intf
.Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Atmarpd
provides an interface between the ATMARP server in the
The
.Nm
utility provides an interface between the ATMARP server in the
kernel and the SCSP daemon for the Host ATM Research Platform
(HARP) networking software.
.Nm Atmarpd
reads the ATMARP cache from the kernel periodically
The
.Nm
utility reads the ATMARP cache from the kernel periodically
and passes any updated entries to
.Xr scspd 8
so they will be
@ -67,14 +69,14 @@ itself into the background.
The command-line options are:
.Bl -tag -width "-l <log_file>"
.It Fl l Aq Ar log_file
Specifies that
Specify that
.Nm
is to write log messages to the
file named
.Aq Ar log_file
rather than to the system log.
.It Fl d
Specifies that
Specify that
.Nm
is to be run in debug mode.
In debug mode,
@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ is not put into the background.
Log messages are written to standard output instead of to
the log file.
.It Aq Ar net_intf
Specifies the network interface(s) for which the host is providing
Specify the network interface(s) for which the host is providing
ATMARP service and whose caches are to be synchronized using SCSP.
If multiple network interface names are specified,
.Nm
@ -118,8 +120,9 @@ its control blocks to a text file (see
.Sm on
.Xc
Debugging information dump file name.
.Nm Atmarpd
writes a summary of its control blocks to this file
The
.Nm
utility writes a summary of its control blocks to this file
when it receives a
.Dv SIGINT
signal.

41
usr.sbin/atm/scspd/scspd.8
View File

@ -37,12 +37,14 @@
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl T Ns Aq Ar options
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Scspd
is an implementation of the Server Cache Synchronization
The
.Nm
utility is an implementation of the Server Cache Synchronization
Protocol (SCSP) for the Host ATM Research Platform (HARP)
networking software.
.Nm Scspd
synchronizes the cache(s) of server(s)
The
.Nm
utility synchronizes the cache(s) of server(s)
running on a host with the caches of servers on remote hosts.
SCSP is defined for a number of different protocols, but the present
version of
@ -71,8 +73,9 @@ and
must be running before any ATMARP
cache synchronization can take place.
.Pp
.Nm Scspd
implements SCSP as specified in RFC 2334,
The
.Nm
utility implements SCSP as specified in RFC 2334,
.%T "Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP)"
and
.Pa draft\-ietf\-ion\-scspd\-atmarpd\-00.txt ,
@ -472,8 +475,9 @@ statement specifies how
.Nm
is to log
information about its operation.
.Nm Scspd
can write log information to a file, to the system log,
The
.Nm
utility can write log information to a file, to the system log,
or both.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ic File Aq Ar file\ name ;
@ -492,8 +496,9 @@ statement specifies that
.Nm
is to write
its log messages to the syslog facility.
.Nm Scspd
writes its messages to syslog with a facility code
The
.Nm
utility writes its messages to syslog with a facility code
of
.Dv LOG_DAEMON .
.El
@ -553,7 +558,7 @@ its control blocks to a text file (see
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Pa /etc/scspd.conf
.Nm Scspd
.Nm
default configuration file name.
A different file name can be specified with the
.Fl f
@ -568,9 +573,10 @@ option.
.Pa .out
.Sm on
.Xc
Debugging information dump file name.
.Nm Scspd
writes a summary of its control blocks to this file
debugging information dump file name.
The
.Nm
utility writes a summary of its control blocks to this file
when it receives a
.Dv SIGINT
signal.
@ -586,9 +592,10 @@ number which is incremented every time a dump is taken.
.Pa .trace
.Sm on
.Xc
Trace file.
.Nm Scspd
writes trace information to this file if the
trace file.
The
.Nm
utility writes trace information to this file if the
.Fl T
option is specified on the command line.
.El

2
usr.sbin/boot0cfg/boot0cfg.8
View File

@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ image
The following is an example of a typical usage
of the
.Nm
command to affect the next boot:
utility to affect the next boot:
.Pp
.Dl "boot0cfg -s 2 ad0"
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS

2
usr.sbin/boot98cfg/boot98cfg.8
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ table. The IPL loads the HDD boot menu that starts from 0x400.
.Pp
The
.Nm
installs and makes backup copy of the IPL and the HDD boot menu; and
utility installs and makes backup copy of the IPL and the HDD boot menu; and
allows changing the version number field in the sector 0.
.Pp
Note that the format command in NEC's OSs replaces the HDD boot menu

5
usr.sbin/bootparamd/bootparamd/bootparamd.8
View File

@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
.Op Fl r Ar router
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Bootparamd
is a server process that provides information to
The
.Nm
utility is a server process that provides information to
.Xr diskless 8
clients necessary for booting.
It consults the

4
usr.sbin/burncd/burncd.8
View File

@ -174,12 +174,12 @@ Probably, please report when found.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
command and this manpage was contributed by
utility and this manpage was contributed by
.An S\(/oren Schmidt ,
Denmark
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .

9
usr.sbin/chown/chown.8
View File

@ -56,8 +56,9 @@
.No : Ns Ar group
.Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Chown
changes the user ID and/or the group ID of the specified files.
The
.Nm
utility changes the user ID and/or the group ID of the specified files.
Symbolic links named by arguments are silently left unchanged unless
.Fl h
is used.
@ -150,11 +151,11 @@ option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
command is expected to be
utility is expected to be
.St -p1003.2
compliant.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.At v1 .

2
usr.sbin/chroot/chroot.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command changes its current and root directories to the supplied directory
utility changes its current and root directories to the supplied directory
.Ar newroot
and then exec's
.Ar command ,

20
usr.sbin/config/config.8
View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This is the old version of the
.Nm
program.
utility.
It understands the old autoconfiguration scheme
used on the HP300, i386, DECstation, and derivative platforms.
The new version of
@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ Only the version of
applicable to the architecture that you are running
will be installed on your machine.
.Pp
The
.Nm
builds a set of system configuration files from the file
utility builds a set of system configuration files from the file
.Ar SYSTEM_NAME
which describes
the system to configure.
@ -102,8 +103,9 @@ containing device specifications, configuration options
and other system parameters for one system configuration.
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
should be run from the
utility should be run from the
.Pa conf
subdirectory of the system source (usually
.Pa /sys/ Ns Va ARCH Ns Pa /conf ) ,
@ -111,8 +113,9 @@ where
.Va ARCH
represents one of the architectures supported by
.Fx .
The
.Nm
creates the directory
utility creates the directory
.Pa ../compile/ Ns Ar SYSTEM_NAME
or the one given with the
.Fl d
@ -135,16 +138,17 @@ definitions of
the number of various devices that will be compiled into the system.
.Pp
After running
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
it is necessary to run
.Dq Li make depend
in the directory where the new makefile
was created.
The
.Nm
prints a reminder of this when it completes.
utility prints a reminder of this when it completes.
.Pp
If any other error messages are produced by
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
the problems in the configuration file should be corrected and
.Nm
should be run again.
@ -251,5 +255,5 @@ The line numbers reported in error messages are usually off by one.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.1 .

19
usr.sbin/cron/cron/cron.8
View File

@ -29,26 +29,31 @@
.Op Fl o
.Op Fl x Ar debugflag Ns Op , Ns Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Cron
should be started from
The
.Nm
utility should be started from
.Pa /etc/rc
or
.Pa /etc/rc.local .
It will return immediately,
so you don't need to start it with '&'.
.Pp
.Nm Cron
searches
The
.Nm
utility searches
.Pa /var/cron/tabs
for crontab files which are named after accounts in
.Pa /etc/passwd ;
crontabs found are loaded into memory.
.Nm Cron
also searches for
The
.Nm
utility also searches for
.Pa /etc/crontab
which is in a different format (see
.Xr crontab 5 ) .
.Nm Cron
The
.Nm
utility
then wakes up every minute, examining all stored crontabs, checking each
command to see if it should be run in the current minute. When executing
commands, any output is mailed to the owner of the crontab (or to the user

8
usr.sbin/dev_mkdb/dev_mkdb.8
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ database
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command creates a
utility creates a
.Xr db 3
hash access method database in
.Ar file
@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ field.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /var/run/dev.db" -compact
.It Pa /dev
Default device directory.
default device directory
.It Pa /var/run/dev.db
Default database file.
default database file
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ps 1 ,
@ -87,5 +87,5 @@ Default database file.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .

4
usr.sbin/digictl/digictl.8
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ devices
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program provides control of the
utility provides control of the
.Tn Digiboard
installed with the given
.Ar ctrl-device
@ -114,5 +114,5 @@ existing ports.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .

5
usr.sbin/edquota/edquota.8
View File

@ -61,8 +61,9 @@
.Fl g
.Op Fl f Ar fspath
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Edquota
is a quota editor.
The
.Nm
utility is a quota editor.
By default, or if the
.Fl u
flag is specified,

10
usr.sbin/elf2exe/elf2exe.8
View File

@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
.Ar infile
.Ar outfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Elf2exe
The
.Nm
utility
creates an executable that can be loaded by the AlphaBIOS or ARCS consoles
as found on systems designed for
.Tn Windows/NT .
@ -42,11 +44,13 @@ ld -o a.out -M -N -Ttext 0x80900000 src.o
elf2exe a.out a.exe
.Ed
.Sh BUGS
.Nm Elf2exe
The
.Nm
utility
does not even attempt to verify that the input file matches the requirements
for an ARC executable.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .

5
usr.sbin/extattrctl/extattrctl.8
View File

@ -64,10 +64,11 @@
.Ar attrnamespace
.Ar attrname
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
is the management utility for extended attributes over the UFS1 file system.
.Nm
allows the starting and stopping of extended attributes on a file system,
It allows the starting and stopping of extended attributes on a file system,
as well as initialization of attribute backing files, and enabling and
disabling of specific extended attributes on a file system.
.Pp

30
usr.sbin/faithd/faithd.8
View File

@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
.Ar service
.Op Ar serverpath Op Ar serverargs
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
provides IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP relay.
.Nm
utility provides IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP relay. It
must be used on an IPv4/v6 dual stack router.
.Pp
When
@ -99,8 +99,9 @@ and
.Xr sysctl 8
commands.
.Pp
The
.Nm
needs a special name-to-address translation logic, so that
utility needs a special name-to-address translation logic, so that
hostnames gets resolved into special
.Tn IPv6
address prefix.
@ -122,8 +123,9 @@ When
is invoked as a standalone program,
.Nm
will daemonize itself.
The
.Nm
will listen to
utility will listen to
.Tn TCPv6
port
.Ar service .
@ -147,8 +149,9 @@ By specifying
to
.Nm ,
you can run local daemons on the router.
The
.Nm
will invoke local daemon at
utility will invoke local daemon at
.Ar serverpath
if the destination address is local interface address,
and will perform translation to IPv4 TCP in other cases.
@ -174,11 +177,13 @@ and
this flag is not necessary as special program code is supplied.
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
will relay both normal and out-of-band TCP data.
utility will relay both normal and out-of-band TCP data.
It is capable of emulating TCP half close as well.
The
.Nm
includes special support for protocols used by
utility includes special support for protocols used by
.Xr ftp 1
and
.Xr rlogin 1 .
@ -218,8 +223,9 @@ will invoke service-specific daemon like
by using the command argument passed from
.Xr inetd 8 .
.Pp
The
.Nm
determines operation mode by the local TCP port number,
utility determines operation mode by the local TCP port number,
and enables special protocol handling whenever necessary/possible.
For example, if
.Nm
@ -343,8 +349,9 @@ Whenever connection comes in,
will be invoked by
.Xr inetd 8 .
If it the connection endpoint is in the reserved IPv6 address prefix.
The
.Nm
will relay the connection.
utility will relay the connection.
Otherwise,
.Nm
will invoke service-specific daemon like
@ -364,8 +371,9 @@ setting.
3ffe:501:ffff::/48 permit 0.0.0.0/0
.Ed
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Nm
exits with
utility exits with
.Dv EXIT_SUCCESS
.Pq 0
on success, and
@ -388,7 +396,7 @@ on error.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
.\"
.Pp
IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project (http://www.kame.net/) stack

3
usr.sbin/getextattr/getextattr.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Ar attrname
.Ar filename ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a user tool to retrieve a named extended attribute on a file or
utility is a user tool to retrieve a named extended attribute on a file or
directory.
The
.Ar attrnamespace

8
usr.sbin/gifconfig/gifconfig.8
View File

@ -46,8 +46,9 @@
.Nm
.Fl a
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
configures the physical address for the generic IP tunnel
utility configures the physical address for the generic IP tunnel
inteface, such as "gif0".
Argument
.Ar physsrc
@ -78,8 +79,9 @@ just deletes the existing source and destination addresses on
.Ar interface .
If no outer addresses are specified, this usage has no effect.
.Pp
The
.Nm
takes the following optional argument:
utility takes the following optional argument:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
Display information associated with all
@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ The command exits with exit status of 1 on errors, 0 on success.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
.Pp
IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project (http://www.kame.net/) stack
was initially integrated into

19
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnd/isdnd.8
View File

@ -49,7 +49,9 @@
.Op Fl u Ar charging unit length
.Op Fl m
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Isdnd
The
.Nm
utility
is the isdn4bsd package daemon which manages all ISDN related connection
and disconnection of ISDN devices supported by the package.
.Pp
@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ or
will pop-up a command window.
Because the
.Nm
daemon will not listen to messages while the command window is active,
utility will not listen to messages while the command window is active,
this command window will disappear automatically after 5 seconds without
any command key press.
.Pp
@ -206,7 +208,9 @@ file option
.Em monitor-allowed .
.El
.Sh INTERACTION WITH THE KERNEL
.Nm Isdnd
The
.Nm
utility
communicates with the kernel part of isdn4bsd by receiving status and
event messages
.Xr ( read 2
@ -279,7 +283,7 @@ sends a
.Em MSG_DIALOUT_IND
to the
.Nm
daemon.
utility.
.Pp
The daemon requests a new CDID from the kernel by using the
.Em I4B_CDID_REQ
@ -390,8 +394,9 @@ isdnd -d0xf9 -F
.Pp
This will start isdnd with reasonable debugging settings and produce
output on the current terminal.
.Nm Isdnd
can then be terminated by entering Control-C.
The
.Nm
utility can then be terminated by entering Control-C.
.Pp
Another example, the command:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
@ -419,5 +424,5 @@ Still one or more left.
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
daemon and this manual page were written by
utility and this manual page were written by
.An Hellmuth Michaelis Aq hm@FreeBSD.org .

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdndebug/isdndebug.8
View File

@ -49,8 +49,9 @@
.Op Fl C
.Op Fl Q
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to control the level of
utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to control the level of
debugging output of the isdn4bsd kernel part.
Every layer of the isdn4bsd kernel uses a debugging mask which can be
manipulated using this utility.

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdndecode/isdndecode.8
View File

@ -52,8 +52,9 @@
.Op Fl R Ar unit
.Op Fl T Ar unit
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a
utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a
detailed mnemonic display of the layers 1, 2 and 3 protocol activities on
the D channel and hex dump of the B channel(s) activities.
.Pp

5
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnmonitor/isdnmonitor.8
View File

@ -43,8 +43,9 @@
.Op Fl l Ar pathname
.Op Fl p Ar portspec
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Isdnmonitor
is used to remotely monitor the operation of the isdn daemon,
The
.Nm
utility is used to remotely monitor the operation of the isdn daemon,
.Xr isdnd 8 ,
which manages all ISDN related connection and disconnection of ISDN
devices supported by the isdn4bsd package.

2
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnphone/isdnphone.8
View File

@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
.Op Fl n Ar number
.Op Fl u Ar unit
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to handle dialing and hangup
for the telephone control interfaces
.Pa /dev/i4bteld Ns Aq Ar n .

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntel/isdntel.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Op Fl p Ar playcommand
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is used to provide an "answering machine" functionality for incoming
utility is used to provide an "answering machine" functionality for incoming
telephone voice messages.
.Pp
The following options are supported:

2
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntelctl/isdntelctl.8
View File

@ -43,7 +43,9 @@
.Op Fl U
.Op Fl N
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to configure the sound format
conversion facilities of the /dev/i4btel interfaces.
.Pp

18
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntest/isdntest.8
View File

@ -44,13 +44,15 @@
.Op Fl t Ar num
.Op Fl w
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is part of the isdn4bsd package and may be used as a stimulation tool
utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and may be used as a stimulation tool
for debugging the isdn4bsd kernel functionality.
.Pp
NOTE:
.Nm Isdntest
must be run
The
.Nm
utility must be run
.Em instead
of the
.Xr isdnd 8
@ -80,8 +82,9 @@ utility is currently of not much use for end users, it is primarily a debugging
tool for development and is part of the release in the hope, that someone
enhances it as a real self test and setup-verification tool!
.Pp
.Nm Isdntest
does almost no error checking and error recovery, so unexpected
The
.Nm
utility does almost no error checking and error recovery, so unexpected
hangs or crashes may occur.
.Sh EXAMPLES
For the following example, it is assumed that a machine with isdn4bsd
@ -98,8 +101,9 @@ isdntest -i 42 -o 42
.Pp
will setup an outgoing call from that machine to itself, connect to itself
and disconnect after 5 seconds.
.Nm Isdntest
has to be finished by the user by entering Control-C.
The
.Nm
utility has to be finished by the user by entering Control-C.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Pa /dev/i4b

7
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntrace/isdntrace.8
View File

@ -55,8 +55,9 @@
.Op Fl R Ar unit
.Op Fl T Ar unit
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a
utility is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to provide the user with a
mnemonic display of the layers 1, 2 and 3 protocol activities on
the D channel and hex dump of the B channel(s) activities.
.Pp
@ -171,7 +172,9 @@ of the 1TR6 protocol is included but not supported since i dont have
any longer access to a 1TR6 based ISDN installation.)
.El
.Pp
.Nm Isdntrace
The
.Nm
utility
automatically detects the layer 3 protocol being used by looking at the
Protocol Discriminator (see: Q.931/1993 pp. 53).
.Sh FILES

2
usr.sbin/ifmcstat/ifmcstat.8
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program dumps multicast group information from the kernel.
utility dumps multicast group information from the kernel.
It is similar but not identical to the output from
.Nm netstat Fl ina .
.Pp

15
usr.sbin/inetd/inetd.8
View File

@ -54,8 +54,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program
should be run at boot time by
utility should be run at boot time by
.Pa /etc/rc
(see
.Xr rc 8 ) .
@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ use the
.Dq nowait
entry.
Connection requests for these services are accepted by
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
and the server is given only the newly-accepted socket connected
to a client of the service.
Most stream-based services operate in this manner.
@ -524,8 +523,7 @@ instead of the name of the system as reported by
.Pp
The
.Nm
program
also provides several other
utility also provides several other
.Dq trivial
services internally by use of
routines within itself. These services are
@ -574,8 +572,7 @@ facility.
.Pp
The
.Nm
program
rereads its configuration file when it receives a hangup signal,
utility rereads its configuration file when it receives a hangup signal,
.Dv SIGHUP .
Services may be added, deleted or modified when the configuration file
is reread.
@ -862,7 +859,7 @@ field is invalid.
.It "setsockopt(SO_PRIVSTATE): Operation not supported"
The
.Nm
program attempted to renounce the privileged state associated with a
utility attempted to renounce the privileged state associated with a
socket but was unable to.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
@ -890,7 +887,7 @@ socket but was unable to.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
TCPMUX is based on code and documentation by Mark Lottor.
Support for

17
usr.sbin/iostat/iostat.8
View File

@ -84,8 +84,9 @@ statistics
.Op Fl w Ar wait
.Op Ar drives
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Iostat
displays kernel
The
.Nm
utility displays kernel
.Tn I/O
statistics on terminal, device and cpu operations.
The first statistics that are printed are averaged over the system uptime.
@ -138,8 +139,9 @@ instead of the default
Display up to
.Ar devs
number of devices.
The
.Nm
will display fewer devices if there aren't
utility will display fewer devices if there aren't
.Ar devs
devices present.
.It Fl N
@ -241,8 +243,9 @@ is specified, the default is infinity.
Display a usage statement and exit.
.El
.Pp
.Nm Iostat
displays its information in the following format:
The
.Nm
utility displays its information in the following format:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It tty
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
@ -254,7 +257,9 @@ characters written to terminals
.It devices
Device operations.
The header of the field is the device name and unit number.
The
.Nm
utility
will display as many devices as will fit in a standard 80 column screen, or
the maximum number of devices in the system, whichever is smaller.
If
@ -267,7 +272,9 @@ To force
.Nm
to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the command
line.
The
.Nm
utility
will not display more devices than will fit in an 80 column screen, unless
the
.Fl n

4
usr.sbin/jail/jail.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command imprisons a process and all future descendants.
utility imprisons a process and all future descendants.
.Pp
Please see the
.Xr jail 2
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ by setting this MIB entry to 1.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit

7
usr.sbin/kernbb/kernbb.8
View File

@ -40,8 +40,9 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Kernbb
is a tool used to dump the basic-block profiling buffers of the running
The
.Nm
utility is used to dump the basic-block profiling buffers of the running
kernel.
.Pp
At least one source file in the running kernel must have been compiled
@ -67,6 +68,6 @@ the default memory
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Poul-Henning Kamp ,
along with the kernel-support.

13
usr.sbin/keyadmin/keyadmin.8
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to manually enter security associations into the kernel
utility is used to manually enter security associations into the kernel
key/security association database. (See
.Xr key 4 ) .
.Pp
@ -220,10 +220,12 @@ An EOF will also end interaction with
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in NRL's
utility first appeared in NRL's
.Bx 4.4
IPv6 networking distribution.
.Nm Keyadmin
The
.Nm
utility
started its life as a pipe dream thought up by Dan McDonald, and came to
life through the excruciating efforts of Ran Atkinson, Dan McDonald,
Craig Metz, and Bao Phan.
@ -234,8 +236,9 @@ but was renamed to
because of the conflict with
.Xr key 1 .
.Sh BUGS
.Nm Keyadmin
needs a -n flag like
The
.Nm
utility needs a -n flag like
.Xr route 8
to avoid name lookups.
.Pp

14
usr.sbin/keyserv/keyserv.8
View File

@ -18,12 +18,14 @@
.Op Fl p Ar path
.Op Fl v
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Keyserv
is a daemon that is used for storing the
The
.Nm
utility is a daemon that is used for storing the
private encryption keys of each
user logged into the system.
These encryption keys are used for accessing
secure network services such as secure NFS.
secure network services such as secure
.Tn NFS .
.Pp
Normally, root's key is read from the file
.Pa /etc/.rootkey
@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ This is useful during power-fail reboots
when no one is around to type a password.
.Pp
If a client with no secret key calls
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
then the key of user
.Em nobody
is used instead as the default key.
@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ Disable the use of default keys for
.Em nobody .
.It Fl D
Run in debugging mode and log all requests to
.Nm .
.Nm Ns .
.It Fl n
Root's secret key is not read from
.Pa /etc/.rootkey .
@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ Default is
Display status of DES support (enabled/disabled).
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libdes.so.3. -compact
.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libdes.so.3 -compact
.It Pa /etc/.rootkey
.It Pa /usr/lib/libdes.so.3
.El

7
usr.sbin/kgmon/kgmon.8
View File

@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
.Op Fl M core
.Op Fl N system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Kgmon
is a tool used when profiling the operating system.
The
.Nm
utility is used when profiling the operating system.
When no arguments are supplied,
.Nm
indicates the state of operating system profiling as running,
@ -128,5 +129,5 @@ inconsistent if profiling is in progress.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

6
usr.sbin/kldxref/kldxref.8
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to generate hint files which list modules, their
utility is used to generate hint files which list modules, their
version numbers, and the files that contain them.
These hints are used by the kernel loader to determine where to find a
particular KLD module.
@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ To build hint files for all installed kernels:
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
command was implemented by
utility was implemented by
.An Boris Popov Aq bp@FreeBSD.org .
This manual page was written by
.An Boris Popov Aq bp@FreeBSD.org

6
usr.sbin/lastlogin/lastlogin.8
View File

@ -41,8 +41,9 @@
.Nm
.Op Ar user ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
will list the last login session of each specified
utility will list the last login session of each specified
.Ar user ,
or for all users by default. Each line of output contains
the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
@ -54,8 +55,9 @@ is given, the session information for each user is printed in
the order given on the command line. Otherwise, information
for all users is printed, sorted by uid.
.Pp
The
.Nm
differs from
utility differs from
.Xr last 1
in that it only prints information regarding the very last login session.
The last login database is never turned over or deleted in standard usage.

12
usr.sbin/lpr/chkprintcap/chkprintcap.8
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl f Ar printcap
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Chkprintcap
scans a
The
.Nm
utility scans a
.Xr printcap 5
database
(named by the
@ -60,8 +61,9 @@ No two printers share the same spool directory
capability).
.El
.Pp
.Nm Chkprintcap
exits with a status equal to the number of errors encountered before
The
.Nm
utility exits with a status equal to the number of errors encountered before
processing stopped. (In some cases, processing can stop before the
entire file is scanned.)
.Pp
@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ capability in the database (default 1, which corresponds to user
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Garrett A. Wollman Aq wollman@lcs.mit.edu .
.Sh BUGS
Not enough sanity-checking is done. At a minimum, the ownership and

7
usr.sbin/lpr/lpc/lpc.8
View File

@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
.Nm
.Op Ar command Op Ar argument ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Lpc
is used by the system administrator to control the
The
.Nm
utility is used by the system administrator to control the
operation of the line printer system.
For each line printer configured in
.Pa /etc/printcap ,
@ -225,5 +226,5 @@ you must be a member of group "operator" or root to execute this command
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

14
usr.sbin/lpr/lpd/lpd.8
View File

@ -43,7 +43,9 @@
.Op Fl cdlpsW46
.Op Ar port#
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Lpd
The
.Nm
utility
is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked
at boot time from the
.Xr rc 8
@ -256,13 +258,15 @@ If a file cannot be opened, a message will be logged via
using the
.Em LOG_LPR
facility.
.Nm Lpd
will try up to 20 times
The
.Nm
utility will try up to 20 times
to reopen a file it expects to be there, after which it will
skip the file to be printed.
.Pp
.Nm Lpd
uses
The
.Nm
utility uses
.Xr flock 2
to provide exclusive access to the lock file and to prevent multiple
daemons from becoming active simultaneously. If the daemon should be killed

7
usr.sbin/lpr/pac/pac.8
View File

@ -48,8 +48,9 @@
.Op Fl r
.Op Ar name ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Pac
reads the printer/plotter accounting files, accumulating the number
The
.Nm
utility reads the printer/plotter accounting files, accumulating the number
of pages (the usual case) or feet (for raster devices)
of paper consumed by each user, and printing out
how much each user consumed in pages or feet and dollars.
@ -103,5 +104,5 @@ as yet unknown.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.0 .

4
usr.sbin/lptcontrol/lptcontrol.8
View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to set either the interrupt-driven, extended or polling mode
utility is used to set either the interrupt-driven, extended or polling mode
of individual
.Xr lpt 4
devices.
@ -78,6 +78,6 @@ Sure to be some.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command
utility
first appeared in
.Fx 1.1.5

8
usr.sbin/mailwrapper/mailwrapper.8
View File

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ information in a read-only
.Pp
The
.Nm
program is designed to replace
utility is designed to replace
.Pa /usr/sbin/sendmail
and to invoke an appropriate MTA instead of
.Xr sendmail 8
@ -122,8 +122,9 @@ is typically set up as a symbolic link to
.Nm
which is not usually invoked on its own.
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
The
.Nm
will return an error value and print a diagnostic if its configuration
utility will return an error value and print a diagnostic if its configuration
file is missing or malformed, or does not contain a mapping for the
name under which
.Nm
@ -135,8 +136,9 @@ was invoked.
.Xr mailer.conf 5 ,
.Xr sendmail 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Nx 1.4
and then
.Fx 4.0 .

5
usr.sbin/manctl/manctl.8
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@
.Op Fl help
.Ar path ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Manctl
compress or uncompress manual pages in directory path.
The
.Nm
utility compress or uncompress manual pages in directory path.
If possible, .so's are replaced with hard links.
.Pp
The following options are available:

6
usr.sbin/memcontrol/memcontrol.8
View File

@ -55,14 +55,16 @@ A number of supported system architectures allow the behaviour of the CPU
cache to be programmed to behave differently depending on the region being
written.
.Pp
.Nm Memcontrol
The
.Nm
utility
provides an interface to this facility, allowing CPU cache behavior to
be altered for ranges of system physical memory.
.Pp
These ranges are typically power-of-2 aligned and sized, however the specific
rules governing their layout vary between architectures. The
.Nm
program does not attempt to enforce these rules, however the system will
utility does not attempt to enforce these rules, however the system will
reject any attempt to set an illegal combination.
.Bl -tag -width clear
.It Ar list

16
usr.sbin/mergemaster/mergemaster.8
View File

@ -40,8 +40,9 @@
.Op Fl w Ar N
.Op Fl D Ar /path
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a Bourne shell script which is designed to aid you
utility is a Bourne shell script which is designed to aid you
in updating the various configuration and other files
associated with
.Fx .
@ -90,8 +91,9 @@ You can
also specify that the script ignore the $Id strings and
compare every file.
.Pp
The
.Nm
checks your umask and issues a warning for anything
utility checks your umask and issues a warning for anything
other than 022. While it is not mandatory to grant
world read permissions for most configuration files, you
may run into problems without them.
@ -118,8 +120,9 @@ and file permissions as specified by the umask.
Unified diffs are used by default to display any
differences unless you choose context diffs.
.Pp
The
.Nm
will source scripts that you specify right before
utility will source scripts that you specify right before
it starts the comparison, and after it's done running.
The easiest way to handle this is to place the path
to the script(s) in the appropriate variables in your
@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ Specify the destination directory for the installed files.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
.Nm
script uses the
utility uses the
.Ev PAGER
environment variable if set.
Otherwise it uses
@ -277,8 +280,9 @@ comparison, use:
.It Pa $HOME/.mergemasterrc
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
will . (source) these files if they exist.
utility will . (source) these files if they exist.
Command line options
will override rc file options.
.Pa $HOME/.mergemasterrc
@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ Failure to populate the temporary root
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
script was first publicly available on one of my
utility was first publicly available on one of my
web pages in a much simpler form under the name
.Pa comproot
on 13 March 1998. The idea for creating the

4
usr.sbin/mixer/mixer.8
View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to set and display soundcard mixer device levels.
utility is used to set and display soundcard mixer device levels.
It may
also be used to start and stop recording from the soundcard. The list
of mixer devices that may be modified are:
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ the default mixer device
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 2.0.5 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit

10
usr.sbin/mld6query/mld6query.8
View File

@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
.Op Ar maddr
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
sends an IPv6 multicast listener discovery (MLD) query packet toward
utility sends an IPv6 multicast listener discovery (MLD) query packet toward
the specified multicast address,
.Ar maddr ,
toward interface
@ -82,8 +83,9 @@ The program exits with 0 on success, non-zero on failures.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit.
.Sh BUGS
.Nm Mld6query
does not take care of multicast addresses which have non link-local
The
.Nm
utility does not take care of multicast addresses which have non link-local
scope.

42
usr.sbin/moused/moused.8
View File

@ -57,9 +57,9 @@
.Fl p Ar port
.Fl i Ar info
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The mouse daemon
The
.Nm
and the console driver work together to support
utility and the console driver work together to support
mouse operation in the text console and user programs.
They virtualize the mouse and provide user programs with mouse data
in the standard format
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ When the third button emulation is enabled
(see above),
the
.Nm
daemon waits
utility waits
.Ar timeout
msec at most before deciding whether two buttons are being pressed
simultaneously.
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Set the report rate (reports/sec) of the device if supported.
.It Fl I Ar file
Write the process id of the
.Nm
daemon in the specified file.
utility in the specified file.
Without this option, the process id will be stored in
.Pa /var/run/moused.pid .
.It Fl P
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ If this option is given together with the
.Fl i
option, the
.Nm
command will not be able to print useful information for the serial mouse.
utility will not be able to print useful information for the serial mouse.
.It Fl R
Lower RTS on the serial port.
This option is valid only if
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ data format standard.
.It Ar model
Mouse model. The
.Nm
command may not always be able to identify the model.
utility may not always be able to identify the model.
.It Ar all
All of the above items. Print port, interface, type and model in this order
in one line.
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ in one line.
.Pp
If the
.Nm
command cannot determine the requested information, it prints ``unknown''
utility cannot determine the requested information, it prints ``unknown''
or ``generic''.
.It Fl m Ar N=M
Assign the physical button
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ You may explicitly specify a type listed below, or use
.Ar auto
to let the
.Nm
command to automatically select an appropriate protocol for the given
utility to automatically select an appropriate protocol for the given
mouse.
If you entirely ommit this options in the command line,
.Fl t Ar auto
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ is assumed.
Under normal circumstances,
you need to use this option only if the
.Nm
command is not able to detect the protocol automatically
utility is not able to detect the protocol automatically
(see the
.Sx "Configuring Mouse Daemon" ) .
.Pp
@ -278,7 +278,9 @@ For the serial mouse:
.It Ar microsoft
Microsoft serial mouse protocol. Most 2-button serial mice use this protocol.
.It Ar intellimouse
Microsoft IntelliMouse protocol. Genius NetMouse, ASCII Mie Mouse,
Microsoft IntelliMouse protocol. Genius NetMouse,
.Tn ASCII
Mie Mouse,
Logitech MouseMan+ and FirstMouse+ use this protocol too.
Other mice with a roller/wheel may be compatible with this protocol.
.It Ar mousesystems
@ -433,10 +435,10 @@ can easily distinguish which is your ``mouse'' port later.
The next step is to guess the appropriate protocol type for the mouse.
The
.Nm
command may be able to automatically determine the protocol type.
utility may be able to automatically determine the protocol type.
Run the
.Nm
command with the
utility with the
.Fl i
option and see what it says. If the command can identify
the protocol type, no further investigation is necessary on your part.
@ -462,7 +464,7 @@ If the
.Fl i
option yields nothing, you need to specify a protocol type to the
.Nm
command by the
utility by the
.Fl t
option.
You have to make a guess and try.
@ -565,7 +567,7 @@ USB mouse driver
.It Pa /var/run/moused.pid
process id of the currently running
.Nm
daemon
utility
.It Pa /var/run/MouseRemote
UNIX-domain stream socket for X10 MouseRemote events
.El
@ -574,7 +576,7 @@ UNIX-domain stream socket for X10 MouseRemote events
.Pp
Let the
.Nm
command determine the protocol type of the mouse at the serial port
utility determine the protocol type of the mouse at the serial port
.Pa /dev/cuaa0 .
If successful, the command will print the type, otherwise it will say
``unknown''.
@ -584,7 +586,7 @@ If successful, the command will print the type, otherwise it will say
.Pp
If the
.Nm
command is able to identify the protocol type of the mouse at the specified
utility is able to identify the protocol type of the mouse at the specified
port automatically, you can start the daemon without the
.Fl t
option and enable the mouse pointer in the text console as above.
@ -614,7 +616,7 @@ and positive Z axis movement as the button 5 pressed.
.Sh CAVEATS
The
.Nm
command does not currently work with the alternative console driver
utility does not currently work with the alternative console driver
.Xr pcvt 4 .
.Pp
Many pad devices behave as if the first (left) button were pressed if
@ -653,7 +655,7 @@ option to assign the physical right button to the logical middle button:
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
command partially supports
utility partially supports
.Dq Plug and Play External COM Device Specification
in order to support PnP serial mice.
However, due to various degrees of conformance to the specification by
@ -666,7 +668,7 @@ for the given serial mouse.
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Michael Smith Aq msmith@FreeBSD.org .
This manual page was written by
.An Mike Pritchard Aq mpp@FreeBSD.org .
@ -675,5 +677,5 @@ The command and manual page have since been updated by
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 2.2 .

13
usr.sbin/mrouted/map-mbone.8
View File

@ -16,14 +16,18 @@
.Op Fl t Ar timeout_count
.Op Ar starting_router
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Map-mbone
The
.Nm
utility
attempts to display all multicast routers that are reachable from the multicast
.Ar starting_router .
If not specified on the command line, the default multicast
.Ar starting_router
is the localhost.
.Pp
.Nm Map-mbone
The
.Nm
utility
traverses neighboring multicast routers by sending the ASK_NEIGHBORS IGMP
message to the multicast starting_router.
If this multicast router responds,
@ -81,8 +85,9 @@ reply before retrying.
Default timeout is 2 seconds.
.El
.Sh IMPORTANT NOTE
.Nm Map-mbone
must be run as root.
The
.Nm
utility must be run as root.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mrinfo 8 ,
.Xr mrouted 8 ,

14
usr.sbin/mrouted/mrinfo.8
View File

@ -13,12 +13,15 @@
.Op Fl t Ar timeout_count
.Ar multicast_router
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Mrinfo
The
.Nm
utility
attempts to display the configuration information from the multicast router
.Ar multicast_router .
.Pp
.Nm Mrinfo
uses the ASK_NEIGHBORS IGMP message to the specified multicast router.
The
.Nm
utility uses the ASK_NEIGHBORS IGMP message to the specified multicast router.
If this
multicast router responds, the version number and a list of their neighboring
multicast router addresses is part of that response.
@ -77,8 +80,9 @@ If
the queried multicast router has a newer version number, the type (tunnel,
srcrt) and status (disabled, down) of the connection is displayed.
.Sh IMPORTANT NOTE
.Nm Mrinfo
must be run as root.
The
.Nm
utility must be run as root.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr map-mbone 8 ,
.Xr mrouted 8 ,

46
usr.sbin/mrouted/mrouted.8
View File

@ -14,15 +14,17 @@
.Op Fl d Op Ar debug_level
.Op Fl p
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Mrouted
is an implementation of the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing
The
.Nm
utility is an implementation of the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing
Protocol (DVMRP), an earlier version of which is specified in RFC-1075.
It maintains topological knowledge via a distance-vector routing protocol
(like RIP, described in RFC-1058), upon which it implements a multicast
datagram forwarding algorithm called Reverse Path Multicasting.
.Pp
.Nm Mrouted
forwards a multicast datagram along a shortest (reverse) path tree
The
.Nm
utility forwards a multicast datagram along a shortest (reverse) path tree
rooted at the subnet on which the datagram originates.
The multicast
delivery tree may be thought of as a broadcast delivery tree that has
@ -60,11 +62,14 @@ the purpose of multicasting only, which is independent of the physical
internet, and which may span multiple Autonomous Systems. This capability
is intended for experimental support of internet multicasting only, pending
widespread support for multicast routing by the regular (unicast) routers.
.Nm Mrouted
suffers from the well-known scaling problems of any distance-vector
The
.Nm
utility suffers from the well-known scaling problems of any distance-vector
routing protocol, and does not (yet) support hierarchical multicast routing.
.Pp
.Nm Mrouted
The
.Nm
utility
handles multicast routing only; there may or may not be unicast routing
software running on the same machine as
.Nm .
@ -131,8 +136,9 @@ writes its pid to the file
.Pa /var/run/mrouted.pid .
.El
.Sh CONFIGURATION
.Nm Mrouted
automatically configures itself to forward on all multicast-capable
The
.Nm
utility automatically configures itself to forward on all multicast-capable
interfaces, i.e., interfaces that have the IFF_MULTICAST flag set (excluding
the loopback "interface"), and it finds other DVMRP routers directly reachable
via those interfaces. To override the default configuration, or to add
@ -174,7 +180,9 @@ the time to recover from a reboot. For use in this situation, the
prune_lifetime keyword may be specified on an interface as described
below.
.It noflood
.Nm Mrouted
The
.Nm
utility
uses a DVMRP optimization to prevent having to keep individual routing tables
for each neighbor; part of this optimization is that
.Nm
@ -189,8 +197,7 @@ Turning on noflood can cause black holes on restart, which will generally
last approximately one full route report interval.
The noflood keyword can also be specified on individual interfaces.
.It rexmit_prunes Ar [on|off]
.Nm Mrouted Ns 's
default is to retransmit prunes on all point-to-point interfaces
Default is to retransmit prunes on all point-to-point interfaces
(including tunnels) but no multi-access interfaces. This option
may be used to make the default on (or off) for all interfaces.
The rexmit_prunes keyword can also be specified on individual interfaces.
@ -379,8 +386,9 @@ filters are only applied on input. Poison reverse routes are never
filtered out.
.El
.Pp
.Nm Mrouted
will not initiate execution if it has fewer than two enabled vifs,
The
.Nm
utility will not initiate execution if it has fewer than two enabled vifs,
where a vif (virtual interface) is either a physical multicast-capable
interface or a tunnel. It will log a warning if all of its vifs are
tunnels; such an
@ -426,8 +434,9 @@ tunnel 192.168.5.4 10.11.12.13 metric 1 threshold 32
boundary LOCAL boundary EE
.Ed
.Sh SIGNALS
.Nm Mrouted
responds to the following signals:
The
.Nm
utility responds to the following signals:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It HUP
Restarts
@ -515,8 +524,9 @@ the outgoing vif is connected to a leaf of the broadcast tree rooted at the
origin, and a multicast datagram from that origin will be forwarded on that
outgoing vif only if there are members of the destination group on that leaf.
.Pp
.Nm Mrouted
also maintains a copy of the kernel forwarding cache table.
The
.Nm
utility also maintains a copy of the kernel forwarding cache table.
Entries
are created and deleted by
.Nm .

10
usr.sbin/mrouted/mtrace.8
View File

@ -64,8 +64,9 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Assessing problems in the distribution of IP multicast traffic
can be difficult.
.Nm Mtrace
utilizes a tracing feature implemented in multicast routers that is
The
.Nm
utility utilizes a tracing feature implemented in multicast routers that is
accessed via an extension to the IGMP protocol. A trace query is
passed hop-by-hop along the reverse path from the
.Ar receiver
@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ seconds (default 3 seconds).
.Ss "How It Works"
The technique used by the
.Nm traceroute
tool to trace unicast network paths will not work for IP multicast
utility to trace unicast network paths will not work for IP multicast
because ICMP responses are specifically forbidden for multicast traffic.
Instead, a tracing feature has been built into the multicast routers.
This technique has the advantage that additional information about
@ -331,8 +332,9 @@ will try to query the next hop router with a DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2
request (as used by the
.Nm mrinfo
program) to see what kind of router it is.
The
.Nm
will try to query three (changed with the
utility will try to query three (changed with the
.Fl e
option) hops past a non-responding router, in the hopes that even
though it isn't capable of sending a response, it might be capable of

2
usr.sbin/mtest/mtest.8
View File

@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
is a small program for testing the multicast membership socket operations
and ioctls. It accepts the following commands, interactively:
.Bl -tag -width "a ifname e.e.e.e.e.e" -compact -offset indent

4
usr.sbin/mtree/mtree.8
View File

@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
.Op Fl X Ar exclude-list
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The utility
The
.Nm
compares the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a
utility compares the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a
specification read from the standard input.
Messages are written to the standard output for any files whose
characteristics do not match the specifications, or which are

6
usr.sbin/ndp/ndp.8
View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command manipulates the address mapping table
utility manipulates the address mapping table
used by Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP).
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ Most useful when used with
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Nm
command will exit with 0 on success, and non-zero on errors.
utility will exit with 0 on success, and non-zero on errors.
.\"
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr arp 8
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ command will exit with 0 on success, and non-zero on errors.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
.\"
.\" .Sh BUGS
.\" (to be written)

5
usr.sbin/newsyslog/newsyslog.8
View File

@ -30,8 +30,9 @@
.Op Fl a Ar directory
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Newsyslog
is a program that should be scheduled to run periodically by
The
.Nm
utility should be scheduled to run periodically by
.Xr cron 8 .
When it is executed it archives log files if necessary. If a log file
is determined to require archiving,

9
usr.sbin/nghook/nghook.8
View File

@ -50,8 +50,9 @@ node
.Ar path
.Op Ar hookname
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
creates a
utility creates a
.Xr ng_socket 4
socket type node and connects it to hook
.Ar hookname
@ -66,8 +67,9 @@ is assumed.
At this point all data written to standard input is sent
to the node and all data received from the node is relayed
to standard output.
The
.Nm
exits when
utility exits when
.Dv EOF
is detected on standard input.
.Pp
@ -85,8 +87,9 @@ Loops all received data back to the hook in addition to writing it
to standard output.
.It Fl n
Don't attempt to read any data from standard input.
The
.Nm
will continue reading from the node until stopped by a signal.
utility will continue reading from the node until stopped by a signal.
.El
.Sh BUGS
Although all input is read in unbuffered mode,

6
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntp-genkeys.8
View File

@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
.Op Fl g Ar target
.Op Fl k Ar keyfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This program generates random keys used by either or both the
The
.Nm
utility generates random keys used by either or both the
NTPv3/NTPv4 symmetric key or the NTPv4 public key (Autokey)
cryptographic authentication schemes.
.Pp
@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ the same security compartment.
While the key identifiers for MD5
and DES keys must be in the range 1-65534, inclusive, the
.Nm
program uses only the identifiers from 1 to
utility uses only the identifiers from 1 to
16.
The key identifier for each association is specified as the key
argument in the

13
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntpd.8
View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program is an operating system daemon which sets
utility is an operating system daemon which sets
and maintains the system time of day in synchronism with Internet
standard time servers.
It is a complete implementation of the
@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ Network Time Protocol (NTP) version 4, but also retains
compatibility with version 3, as defined by RFC-1305, and version 1
and 2, as defined by RFC-1059 and RFC-1119, respectively.
.Pp
The
.Nm
does most computations in 64-bit floating point
utility does most computations in 64-bit floating point
arithmetic and does relatively clumsy 64-bit fixed point operations
only when necessary to preserve the ultimate precision, about 232
picoseconds.
@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ option.
.Ss "How NTP Operates"
The
.Nm
program operates by exchanging messages with
utility operates by exchanging messages with
one or more configured servers at designated poll intervals.
When
started, whether for the first or subsequent times, the program
@ -360,8 +361,9 @@ immediately.
After that the current frequency offset is written to
the file at hourly intervals.
.Ss "Operating Modes"
The
.Nm
can operate in any of several modes, including
utility can operate in any of several modes, including
symmetric active/passive, client/server broadcast/multicast and
manycast, as described in the
.Qq Association Management
@ -574,8 +576,9 @@ A snapshot of this documentation is available in HTML format in
.%O RFC1305
.Re
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
has gotten rather fat.
utility has gotten rather fat.
While not huge, it has gotten
larger than might be desirable for an elevated-priority
.Nm

11
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntpdate.8
View File

@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ page.
After a suitable period of
mourning, the
.Nm
program is to be retired from this
utility is to be retired from this
distribution.
.Pp
The
.Nm
sets the local date and time by polling the
utility sets the local date and time by polling the
Network Time Protocol (NTP) server(s) given as the
.Ar server
arguments to determine the correct time.
@ -167,8 +168,9 @@ version
identification string to be logged.
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm
can be run manually as necessary to set the
utility can be run manually as necessary to set the
host clock, or it can be run from the host startup script to set
the clock at boot time.
This is useful in some cases to set the
@ -221,8 +223,9 @@ is run by
every hour or
two.
.Pp
The
.Nm
will decline to set the date if an NTP server
utility will decline to set the date if an NTP server
daemon (e.g.,
.Xr ntpd 8 )
is running on the same host.

19
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntpdc.8
View File

@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
.Op Fl c Ar command
.Op Ar host ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is used to query the
utility is used to query the
.Xr ntpd 8
daemon about its
current state and to request changes in that state.
@ -81,19 +82,22 @@ will attempt to read commands from the
standard input and execute these on the NTP server running on the
first host given on the command line, again defaulting to localhost
when no other host is specified.
The
.Nm
will prompt for
utility will prompt for
commands if the standard input is a terminal device.
.Pp
The
.Nm
uses NTP mode 7 packets to communicate with the
utility uses NTP mode 7 packets to communicate with the
NTP server, and hence can be used to query any compatable server on
the network which permits it.
Note that since NTP is a UDP protocol
this communication will be somewhat unreliable, especially over
large distances in terms of network topology.
The
.Nm
makes
utility makes
no attempt to retransmit requests, and will time requests out if
the remote host is not heard from within a suitable timeout
time.
@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ daemon and can be expected to
work only with this and maybe some previous versions of the daemon.
Requests from a remote
.Nm
program which affect the
utility which affect the
state of the local server must be authenticated, which requires
both the remote program and local server share a common key and key
identifier.
@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ followed by a file name, to the command line.
A number of interactive format commands are executed entirely
within the
.Nm
program itself and do not result in NTP
utility itself and do not result in NTP
mode 7 requests being sent to a server.
These are described
following.
@ -709,8 +713,9 @@ See the source listing for further information.
.%O RFC1305
.Re
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
is a crude hack.
utility is a crude hack.
Much of the information it shows is
deadly boring and could only be loved by its implementer.
The

19
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntpq.8
View File

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility program is used to query NTP servers
utility is used to query NTP servers
which implement the recommended NTP mode 6 control message format
about current state and to request changes in that state.
The
@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ command line arguments.
Requests to read and write arbitrary
variables can be assembled, with raw and pretty-printed output
options being available.
The
.Nm
can also obtain and print a
utility can also obtain and print a
list of peers in a common format by sending multiple queries to the
server.
.Pp
@ -42,19 +43,22 @@ will attempt to read commands from the
standard input and execute these on the NTP server running on the
first host given on the command line, again defaulting to localhost
when no other host is specified.
The
.Nm
will prompt for
utility will prompt for
commands if the standard input is a terminal device.
.Pp
The
.Nm
uses NTP mode 6 packets to communicate with the
utility uses NTP mode 6 packets to communicate with the
NTP server, and hence can be used to query any compatible server on
the network which permits it.
Note that since NTP is a UDP protocol
this communication will be somewhat unreliable, especially over
large distances in terms of network topology.
The
.Nm
makes
utility makes
one attempt to retransmit requests, and will time requests out if
the remote host is not heard from within a suitable timeout
time.
@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ A
number of interactive format commands are executed entirely within
the
.Nm
program itself and do not result in NTP mode 6
utility itself and do not result in NTP mode 6
requests being sent to a server.
These are described following.
.Bl -tag -width indent
@ -151,8 +155,9 @@ where the
.Ql =value
is ignored, and can be omitted,
in requests to the server to read variables.
The
.Nm
maintains an internal list in which data to be included in control
utility maintains an internal list in which data to be included in control
messages can be assembled, and sent using the
.Ic readlist
and

4
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntptime.8
View File

@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
.Op Fl s Ar status
.Op Fl t Ar time_constant
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This program is useful only with special kernels
The
.Nm
utility is useful only with special kernels
described in the
.Qo
A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping

3
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntptrace.8
View File

@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Ar server
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
determines where a given Network Time Protocol (NTP) server gets
utility determines where a given Network Time Protocol (NTP) server gets
its time from, and follows the chain of NTP servers back to their
master time source.
If given no arguments, it starts with

6
usr.sbin/pccard/pccardc/pccardc.8
View File

@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
.Ar subcommand
.Op Ar arg ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
controls PC-CARD slots and configures and displays information about PCMCIA cards.
.Nm
understands the following subcommands:
utility controls PC-CARD slots and configures and displays information
about PCMCIA cards. It understands the following subcommands:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width pccardmem -compact
.It Ic beep

20
usr.sbin/pccard/pccardd/pccardd.8
View File

@ -40,8 +40,9 @@
.Op Fl I
.Op Fl f Ar configfile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Pccardd
is normally started at boot time, and manages the insertion
The
.Nm
utility is normally started at boot time, and manages the insertion
and removal of PC-CARD cards.
.Pp
When started,
@ -52,8 +53,9 @@ which includes
.Pa /etc/pccard.conf
as the user configuration file)
and scans the available PC-CARD slots for cards.
.Nm Pccardd
then waits for
The
.Nm
utility then waits for
.Em "card events" ,
such as the insertion of a new card or the removal
of a card.
@ -65,8 +67,9 @@ actions are taken:
The kernel driver detects the card insertion and applies
power to the card.
.It
.Nm Pccardd
reads the
The
.Nm
utility reads the
.Em CIS
data from the attribute memory of the card, and uses
the manufacturer name and card version to match
@ -171,8 +174,9 @@ process id of the currently running
Developed by
.An Andrew McRae Aq andrew@mega.com.au .
.Sh BUGS
.Nm Pccardd
can set up card parameters, but cannot guarantee that
The
.Nm
utility can set up card parameters, but cannot guarantee that
particular drivers can work with the card.
.Pp
Removing cards may cause problems if system resources

8
usr.sbin/pciconf/pciconf.8
View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command provides a command line interface to the functionality provided by
utility provides a command line interface to the functionality provided by
.Pa /dev/pci Ns 's
.Xr ioctl 2
interface.
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ This path can be overridden by setting the environment variable
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared first in
utility appeared first in
.Fx 2.2 .
The
.Fl a
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ KLD support in
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
facility was written by
utility was written by
.An Stefan Esser
and
.An Garrett Wollman .
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ The
and
.Fl h
options are implemented in
.Nm ,
.Nm Ns ,
but not in the underlying
.Xr ioctl 2 .
.Pp

4
usr.sbin/pcvt/vgaio/vgaio.8
View File

@ -45,7 +45,9 @@
.Op Fl d
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Ss Purpose
.Nm Vgaio
The
.Nm
utility
is used to perform register-level input/output on a Video Graphics Array.
Since some of the sequences required to access those registers are very
silly,

28
usr.sbin/periodic/periodic.8
View File

@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program is intended to be called by
utility is intended to be called by
.Xr cron 8
to execute shell scripts
located in the specified directory.
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ setting in
.Pp
The
.Nm
program will run each executable file in the directory or directories
utility will run each executable file in the directory or directories
specified.
If a file does not have the executable bit set, it is silently ignored.
.Pp
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ is not set or is empty, output is sent to standard output.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
.Nm
command sets the
utility sets the
.Ev PATH
environment to include all standard system directories, but no additional
directories, such as
@ -150,22 +150,22 @@ directories, such as
If executables are added which depend upon other path components, each
executable must be responsible for configuring its own appropriate environment.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/periodic.conf"
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/defaults/periodic.conf"
.It Pa /etc/crontab
The
the
.Nm
program is typically called via entries in the system default
utility is typically called via entries in the system default
.Xr cron 8
table.
table
.It Pa /etc/periodic
The top level directory containing
the top level directory containing
.Pa daily ,
.Pa weekly ,
and
.Pa monthly
subdirectories which contain standard system periodic executables.
subdirectories which contain standard system periodic executables
.It Pa /etc/defaults/periodic.conf
The
the
.Pa periodic.conf
system registry contains variables that control the behaviour of
.Nm
@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ and the standard
.Pa daily , weekly ,
and
.Pa monthly
scripts.
scripts
.It Pa /etc/periodic.conf
This file contains local overrides for the default
this file contains local overrides for the default
.Nm
configuration.
configuration
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
The system crontab should have entries for
@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ Self explanatory.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
program first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh BUGS
Since one specifies information about a directory using shell

9
usr.sbin/pppctl/pppctl.8
View File

@ -19,13 +19,14 @@
.Sm on
.Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This program provides command line control of the
This utility provides command line control of the
.Xr ppp 8
daemon. Its primary use is to facilitate simple scripts that
control a running daemon.
.Pp
.Nm Pppctl
is passed at least one argument, specifying the socket on which
The
.Nm
utility is passed at least one argument, specifying the socket on which
.Nm ppp
is listening. Refer to the
.Sq set server
@ -208,5 +209,5 @@ commands in
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 2.2.5 .

5
usr.sbin/prefix/prefix.8
View File

@ -44,8 +44,9 @@
.Op Cm set | delete
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is used to assign an prefix
utility is used to assign an prefix
to a network interface.
This command is currently just a frontend of
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ and is not recommended to be used.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE/KAME IPv6 protocol stack kit.
Previously, this command was used to manipulate prefixes separately
from interface identifiers, intending to be used for prefix
renumbering.

4
usr.sbin/procctl/procctl.8
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command clears the
utility clears the
.Xr procfs 5
event mask used by
.Xr truss 1 .
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ goes through the list and clears the event masks for each specified process.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Sean Eric Fagan
for
.Fx .

7
usr.sbin/pstat/pstat.8
View File

@ -50,8 +50,9 @@
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Pstat
displays open file entry, swap space utilization,
The
.Nm
utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization,
terminal state, and vnode data structures.
.Pp
If invoked as
@ -258,5 +259,5 @@ swap servers.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.0 .

67
usr.sbin/pw/pw.8
View File

@ -183,8 +183,9 @@
.Op Fl C Ar config
.Op Fl q
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Pw
is a command-line based editor for the system
The
.Nm
utility is a command-line based editor for the system
.Ar user
and
.Ar group
@ -192,10 +193,15 @@ files, allowing the superuser an easy to use and standardized way of adding,
modifying and removing users and groups.
Note that
.Nm
only operates on the local user and group files. NIS users and groups must be
maintained on the NIS server.
.Nm Pw
handles updating the
only operates on the local user and group files.
.Tn NIS
users and groups must be
maintained on the
.Tn NIS
server.
The
.Nm
utility handles updating the
.Pa passwd ,
.Pa master.passwd ,
.Pa group
@ -289,10 +295,16 @@ to run
.Xr make 1
after changing to the directory
.Pa /var/yp .
This is intended to allow automatic updating of NIS database files.
If separate passwd and group files are being used by NIS, then use the
This is intended to allow automatic updating of
.Tn NIS
database files.
If separate passwd and group files are being used by
.Tn NIS ,
then use the
.Fl y Ar path
option to specify the location of the NIS passwd database so that
option to specify the location of the
.Tn NIS
passwd database so that
.Nm
will concurrently update it with the system password
databases.
@ -385,7 +397,7 @@ Set the account's primary group to the given group.
.Ar group
may be defined by either its name or group number.
.It Fl G Ar grouplist
Sets additional group memberships for an account.
Set additional group memberships for an account.
.Ar grouplist
is a comma-separated list of group names or group numbers.
The user's name is added to the group lists in
@ -629,11 +641,16 @@ method requires that the superuser use
.Xr passwd 1
to render the account accessible with a password.
.It Fl y Ar path
This sets the pathname of the database used by NIS if you are not sharing
This sets the pathname of the database used by
.Tn NIS
if you are not sharing
the information from
.Pa /etc/master.passwd
directly with NIS.
You should only set this option for NIS servers.
directly with
.Tn NIS .
You should only set this option for
.Tn NIS
servers.
.El
.Pp
The
@ -650,8 +667,9 @@ The additional option is:
This tells
.Nm
to remove the user's home directory and all of its contents.
.Nm Pw
errs on the side of caution when removing files from the system.
The
.Nm
utility errs on the side of caution when removing files from the system.
Firstly, it will not do so if the uid of the account being removed is also used by
another account on the system, and the 'home' directory in the password file is
a valid path that commences with the character
@ -775,7 +793,9 @@ The command
.Ar groupnext
returns the next available group id on standard output.
.Sh USER LOCKING
.Nm Pw
The
.Nm
utility
supports a simple password locking mechanism for users; it works by
prepending the string
.Ql *LOCKED*
@ -795,8 +815,9 @@ and
.Fl q
options as described above are accepted by these commands.
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Nm Pw
returns EXIT_SUCCESS on successful operation, otherwise
The
.Nm
utility returns EXIT_SUCCESS on successful operation, otherwise
.Nm
returns one of the
following exit codes defined by
@ -871,8 +892,9 @@ For example,
.Dl pw useradd help
lists all available options for the useradd operation.
.Pp
.Nm Pw
allows 8-bit characters in the passwd GECOS field (user's full name,
The
.Nm
utility allows 8-bit characters in the passwd GECOS field (user's full name,
office, work and home phone number subfields), but disallows them in
user login and group names.
Use 8-bit characters with caution, as connection to the Internet will
@ -919,8 +941,9 @@ Pw default options file
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
.Xr vipw 8
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm Pw
was written to mimic many of the options used in the SYSV
The
.Nm
utility was written to mimic many of the options used in the SYSV
.Em shadow
support suite, but is modified for passwd and group fields specific to
the

10
usr.sbin/pwd_mkdb/pwd_mkdb.8
View File

@ -48,8 +48,9 @@
.Op Fl u Ar username
.Ar file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Pwd_mkdb
creates
The
.Nm
utility creates
.Xr db 3
style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
These databases are then installed into
@ -102,8 +103,9 @@ encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk (``*'')
The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
.Xr getpwent 3 ) .
.Pp
.Nm Pwd_mkdb
exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
The
.Nm
utility exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
If the
.Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS

4
usr.sbin/quot/quot.8
View File

@ -40,7 +40,9 @@
.Op Fl acfhknv
.Op Ar filesystem ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Quot
The
.Nm
utility
is used to gather statistics about the disk usage for each local user.
.Pp
The following options are available:

16
usr.sbin/quotaon/quotaon.8
View File

@ -63,17 +63,21 @@
.Op Fl v
.Fl a
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Quotaon
The
.Nm
utility
announces to the system that disk quotas should be enabled on one or more
filesystems.
.Nm Quotaoff
announces to the system that the specified
The
.Nm quotaoff
utility announces to the system that the specified
filesystems should have any disk quotas turned off.
The filesystems specified must have entries in
.Pa /etc/fstab
and be mounted.
.Nm Quotaon
expects each filesystem to have quota files named
The
.Nm
utility expects each filesystem to have quota files named
.Pa quota.user
and
.Pa quota.group
@ -133,5 +137,5 @@ filesystem table
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

6
usr.sbin/rarpd/rarpd.8
View File

@ -31,8 +31,9 @@
.Op Fl t Ar directory
.Op Ar interface
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
services Reverse ARP requests on the Ethernet connected to
utility services Reverse ARP requests on the Ethernet connected to
.Ar interface .
Upon receiving a request,
.Nm
@ -132,8 +133,9 @@ and
.An Steven McCanne Aq mccanne@ee.lbl.gov .
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm
can depend on the DNS to resolve the name discovered from
utility can depend on the DNS to resolve the name discovered from
.Pa /etc/ethers .
If this name is not in the DNS but is in
.Pa /etc/hosts ,

18
usr.sbin/raycontrol/raycontrol.8
View File

@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command controls the operation of Raylink/Webgear wireless networking
utility controls the operation of Raylink/Webgear wireless networking
devices via the
.Xr ray 4
driver.
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ or infrastructure mode, and the network name of a service
set to join - the BSS in ad-hoc mode or ESS if infrastructure mode is enabled.
The
.Nm
command can also be used to view the current settings of these parameters
utility can also be used to view the current settings of these parameters
and to dump out the values of the card's statistics counters.
.Pp
The
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ The
argument given to
.Nm
should be the logical interface name associated with the Raylink/Webgear
device (ray0, ray1, etc...).
device (ray0, ray1, ...).
.Sh OPTIONS
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Fl
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ are 0 (ad-hoc mode) and 1 (infrastructure mode).
In ad-hoc mode, the station can
communicate directly with any other stations within direct radio range
(provided that they are also operating in ad-hoc mode).
In inrastructure mode,
In infrastructure mode,
hosts must associate with a service set controlled by an access point,
that relays traffic between end stations.
The default setting is 0
@ -254,11 +254,11 @@ is specified in milliseconds.
The default is 100.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl Z
Clear the signal strength cache maintained internally by the
.Nm ray
.Xr ray 4
driver.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl C
Display the cached signal strength information maintained by the
.Nm ray
.Xr ray 4
driver.
The driver retains information about signal strength and
noise level for packets received from different hosts.
@ -275,17 +275,17 @@ transmitting.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
command was written by
utility was written by
.An Duncan Barclay Aq dmlb@ragnet.demon.co.uk
and based on the
.Nm wicontrol
command by
utility by
.An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu .
.Sh BUGS
The

7
usr.sbin/repquota/repquota.8
View File

@ -53,8 +53,9 @@
.Op Fl v
.Fl a
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Repquota
prints a summary of the disk usage and quotas for the
The
.Nm
utility prints a summary of the disk usage and quotas for the
specified filesystems.
.Pp
Available options:
@ -100,5 +101,5 @@ Various messages about inaccessible files; self-explanatory.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

5
usr.sbin/rip6query/rip6query.8
View File

@ -43,8 +43,9 @@
.Ar destination
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
requests remote RIPng daemon on
utility requests remote RIPng daemon on
.Ar destination
to dump RIPng routing information.
.Fl I
@ -60,4 +61,4 @@ and is useful when link-local address is specified for
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.

23
usr.sbin/rmt/rmt.8
View File

@ -41,12 +41,11 @@
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Rmt
is a program used by the remote dump and restore programs
The
.Nm
utility is used by the remote dump and restore programs
in manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess
communication connection.
.Nm Rmt
is normally started up with an
communication connection. It is normally started up with an
.Xr rexec 3
or
.Xr rcmd 3
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ call.
.Pp
The
.Nm
program accepts requests specific to the manipulation of
utility accepts requests specific to the manipulation of
magnetic tapes, performs the commands, then responds with
a status indication. All responses are in
.Tn ASCII
@ -138,8 +137,9 @@ call.
.It Sy W Ar count No \en
.Sm on
Write data onto the open device.
.Nm Rmt
reads
The
.Nm
utility reads
.Ar count
bytes from the connection, aborting if
a premature end-of-file is encountered.
@ -157,8 +157,9 @@ If
.Ar count
exceeds the size of the data buffer (10 kilobytes), it is
truncated to the data buffer size.
.Nm Rmt
then performs the requested
The
.Nm
utility then performs the requested
.Xr read 2
and responds with
.Sm off
@ -217,5 +218,5 @@ file access protocol.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .

11
usr.sbin/route6d/route6d.8
View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is a routing daemon which supports RIP over IPv6.
utility is a routing daemon which supports RIP over IPv6.
.Pp
Options are:
.Bl -tag -width indent
@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ and advertises the aggregated route
.Ar prefix/preflen ,
to the interfaces specified in the comma-separated interface list,
.Ar if1[,if2...] .
The
.Nm
creates a static route to
utility creates a static route to
.Ar prefix/preflen
with
.Dv RTF_REJECT
@ -122,8 +123,9 @@ option assumes that all interfaces are in the same site.
.It Fl L Ar prefix/preflen,if1[,if2...]
Filter incoming routes from interfaces
.Ar if1,[if2...] .
The
.Nm
will accept incoming routes that are in
utility will accept incoming routes that are in
.Ar prefix/preflen .
If multiple
.Fl L
@ -224,8 +226,9 @@ or
.Re
.\"
.Sh NOTE
The
.Nm
uses IPv6 advanced API,
utility uses IPv6 advanced API,
defined in RFC2292,
for communicating with peers using link-local addresses.
.Pp

4
usr.sbin/rpc.lockd/rpc.lockd.8
View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
daemon provides monitored and unmonitored file and record locking services
utility provides monitored and unmonitored file and record locking services
in an NFS environment.
To monitor the status of hosts requesting locks,
the locking daemon typically operates in conjunction
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ and facility
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon must NOT be invoked by
utility must NOT be invoked by
.Xr inetd 8
because the protocol assumes that the daemon will run from system start time.
Instead, it should be configured in

10
usr.sbin/rpc.statd/rpc.statd.8
View File

@ -43,8 +43,12 @@
.Nm
.Op Fl d
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Rpc.statd
is a daemon which co-operates with rpc.statd daemons on other hosts to provide
The
.Nm
utility
is a daemon which co-operates with
.Nm
daemons on other hosts to provide
a status monitoring service. The daemon accepts requests from
programs running on the local host (typically,
.Xr rpc.lockd 8 ,
@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ of this option, using level LOG_ERR.
.Pp
The
.Nm
daemon must NOT be invoked by
utility must NOT be invoked by
.Xr inetd 8
because the protocol assumes that the daemon will run from system start time.
Instead, it should be run from

9
usr.sbin/rpc.umntall/rpc.umntall.8
View File

@ -39,8 +39,9 @@
.Op Fl p Ar remotepath
.Op Fl v
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
is as command as proposed in the
utility is proposed in the
.Tn NFS
RPC specification; see
.Rs
@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ This ensures that
does not display old and expired entries.
The
.Nm
command
utility
is only needed on client side, where
.Xr mount_nfs 8
adds a mount entry with the current date to
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ and
removes the entry again.
The
.Nm
command
utility
cares about all remaining entries in this table which result from crashes
or unproper shutdowns.
.Pp
@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ mounted nfs-filesystems
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mountd 8 ,

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