english(4) police.

lib/libc/gen/devname.3

@@ -83,5 +83,5 @@ function appeared in
 .Sh BUGS
 The
 .Fn devname
-function returns a poiner to an internal static object;
+function returns a pointer to an internal static object;
 thus, subsequent calls will modify the same buffer.

lib/libc/gen/dirname.3

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm dirname
-.Nd extract the directory portition of a pathname
+.Nd extract the directory part of a pathname
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In libgen.h
 .Ft char *

lib/libc/gen/getpagesize.3

@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ hardware page size.
 .Xr sbrk 2
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
-.Fn getpagesze
+.Fn getpagesize
 function appeared in
 .Bx 4.2 .

lib/libc/gen/readpassphrase.3

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ The
 and
 .Dv SIGTTOU
 signals (stop signal generated from keyboard or due to terminal I/O
-from a background proccess) are treated specially.
+from a background process) are treated specially.
 When the process is resumed after it has been stopped,
 .Fn readpassphrase
 will reprint the prompt and the user may then enter a passphrase.

lib/libc/gen/sem_destroy.3

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function destroys the unnamed semaphore pointed to by
 After a successful call to
 .Fn sem_destroy ,
 .Fa sem
-is unuseable until re-initialized by another call to
+is unusable until re-initialized by another call to
 .Fn sem_init .
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 .Rv -std sem_destroy

lib/libc/gen/tcsetattr.3

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function.
 The input and output baud rates are found in the termios structure.
 The unsigned integer
 .Li speed_t
-is typdef'd in the include file
+is typedef'd in the include file
 .Aq Pa termios.h .
 The value of the integer corresponds directly to the baud rate being
 represented, however, the following symbolic values are defined.

lib/libc/i386/sys/i386_set_watch.3

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ specifies the watch address,
 specifies the size in bytes of the area to be watched (1, 2, or 4 bytes),
 and
 .Fa access
-specifes the type of watch point:
+specifies the type of watch point:
 .Pp
 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
 DBREG_DR7_EXEC	  An execution breakpoint.

lib/libc/net/inet6_option_space.3

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .\"
 Building and parsing the Hop-by-Hop and Destination options is
-complicated due to alignment constranints, padding and
+complicated due to alignment constraints, padding and
 ancillary data manipulation.
 RFC2292 defines a set of functions to help the application.
 The function prototypes for

lib/libc/net/nsdispatch.3

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ set to the name of the source,
 .Va cb
 defined as a function which handles that source, and
 .Va cb_data
-is used to pass arbritrary data to the callback function.
+is used to pass arbitrary data to the callback function.
 The last entry in
 .Va dtab
 should contain
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ list of the type
 .Va va_list .
 .Ss Valid source types
 Whilst there is support for arbitrary sources, the following
-#defines for commonly implementated sources are available:
+#defines for commonly implemented sources are available:
 .Bl -column NS_COMPAT COMPAT -offset indent
 .It Sy "#define	value"
 .It "NSSRC_FILES	""files"""

lib/libc/posix1e/acl.3

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 permits file systems to export Access Control Lists via the VFS, and
 provides a library for userland access to and manipulation of these ACLs.
 Not all file systems provide support for ACLs, and some may require that
-ACL support be explicitely enabled by the administrator.
+ACL support be explicitly enabled by the administrator.
 The library calls include routines to allocate, duplicate, retrieve, set,
 and validate ACLs associated with file objects.
 As well as the POSIX.1e routines, there are a number of non-portable

lib/libc/posix1e/acl_get_qualifier.3

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ then the value returned by
 will be a pointer to type
 .Vt gid_t .
 .Pp
-If the value of the tag type in the ACL enty referred to by
+If the value of the tag type in the ACL entry referred to by
 .Fa entry_d
 is
 .Dv ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG , ACL_USER_OBJ , ACL_GROUP_OBJ ,

lib/libc/posix1e/acl_get_tag_type.3

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 The
 .Fn acl_get_tag_type
 function
-is a POSIX.1e call that returs the tag type for the ACL entry
+is a POSIX.1e call that returns the tag type for the ACL entry
 .Fa entry_d .
 Upon successful completion, the location referred to by the argument
 .Fa tag_type_p

lib/libc/posix1e/mac_set.3

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Setting MAC labels is not supported
 by the file referenced by
 .Fa fd .
 .It Bq Er EPERM
-The calling process had insufficient privelege
+The calling process had insufficient privilege
 to change the MAC label.
 .It Bq Er EROFS
 File system for the object being modified

lib/libc/rpc/rpc.3

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ struct netbuf {
 };
 
 /*
- * The format of the addres and options arguments of the XTI t_bind call.
+ * The format of the address and options arguments of the XTI t_bind call.
  * Only provided for compatibility, it should not be used other than
  * as an argument to svc_tli_create().
  */

lib/libc/sys/aio_read.2

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ appropriately; otherwise the
 .Fn aio_return
 system call must be called, and will return -1, and
 .Fn aio_error
-must be called to determine the actual calue that would have been
+must be called to determine the actual value that would have been
 returned in
 .Va errno .
 .Pp

lib/libc/sys/fhopen.2

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" This software was written by William Studenmund of the
-.\" Numerical Aerospace Similation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center.
+.\" Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ provide the functionality of the
 .Xr fstat 2
 and
 .Xr fstatfs 2
-calls except that they return information for the file refered to by
+calls except that they return information for the file referred to by
 .Fa fhp
 rather than an open file.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ In addition to the errors returned by
 .Xr fstat 2 ,
 and
 .Xr fstatfs 2
-respectivly,
+respectively,
 .Fn fhopen ,
 .Fn fhstat ,
 and

lib/libc/sys/madvise.2

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ For more information see the MAP_NOSYNC section of
 .It Dv MADV_AUTOSYNC
 Undoes the effects of MADV_NOSYNC for any future pages dirtied within the
 address range.  The effect on pages already dirtied is indeterminate - they
-may or may not be reverted.  You can guarentee reversion by using the
+may or may not be reverted.  You can guarantee reversion by using the
 .Xr msync 2
 or
 .Xr fsync 2

lib/libc/sys/nfssvc.2

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ struct nfsd_srvargs {
 	struct ucred	nsd_cr;		/* Cred. uid maps to */
 	int		nsd_authlen;	/* Length of auth string (ret) */
 	u_char		*nsd_authstr;	/* Auth string (ret) */
-	int		nsd_verflen;	/* and the verfier */
+	int		nsd_verflen;	/* and the verifier */
 	u_char		*nsd_verfstr;
 	struct timeval	nsd_timestamp;	/* timestamp from verifier */
 	u_int32_t	nsd_ttl;	/* credential ttl (sec) */

lib/libc/sys/sigaction.2

@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ the
 .Dv sa_handler
 member of
 .Dv struct sigaction .
-In pratice,
+In practice,
 .Fx
 always sends the three arguments of the latter and since the ANSI C
 prototype is a subset, both will work.
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ handler and the
 .Dv si_code
 member of the
 .Dv info
-argument to a SA_SIGINFO handler contain a numeric code explaning the
+argument to a SA_SIGINFO handler contain a numeric code explaining the
 cause of the signal, usually one of the
 .Dv SI_...
 values from

lib/libc/sys/socket.2

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ PF_XTP		eXpress Transfer Protocol,
 PF_COIP		Connection-Oriented IP, aka ST II,
 PF_CNT		Computer Network Technology,
 PF_SIP		Simple Internet Protocol,
-PF_IPX		Novell Intenet Packet eXchange protocol,
+PF_IPX		Novell Internet Packet eXchange protocol,
 PF_RTIP		Help Identify RTIP packets,
 PF_PIP		Help Identify PIP packets,
 PF_ISDN		Integrated Services Digital Network,

lib/libc/sys/vfork.2

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The
 system call
 can normally be used just like
 .Xr fork 2 .
-It does not work, however, to return while running in the childs context
+It does not work, however, to return while running in the child's context
 from the procedure that called
 .Fn vfork
 since the eventual return from

lib/libc_r/man/pthread_attr_get_np.3

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Value returned as
 .Fa dst
 is supposed to be used in conjunction with
 .Fn pthread_attr_get*
-functions to retrive individual values from
+functions to retrieve individual values from
 .Vt pthread_attr_t
 structure.
 Parameter

lib/libc_r/man/pthread_mutexattr.3

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ functions copy the value of the attribute that corresponds to each function name
 to the location pointed to by the second function parameter.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 If successful, these functions return 0.
-Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicacte the error.
+Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error.
 .Sh ERRORS
 .Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
 will fail if:

lib/libc_r/man/sem_destroy.3

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function destroys the unnamed semaphore pointed to by
 After a successful call to
 .Fn sem_destroy ,
 .Fa sem
-is unuseable until re-initialized by another call to
+is unusable until re-initialized by another call to
 .Fn sem_init .
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 .Rv -std sem_destroy

lib/libcam/cam_cdbparse.3

@@ -233,17 +233,17 @@ typedef enum {
      CAM_MSG_BUF_PHYS      = 0x00080000,/* Message buffer ptr is physical*/
      CAM_SNS_BUF_PHYS      = 0x00100000,/* Autosense data ptr is physical*/
      CAM_DATA_PHYS         = 0x00200000,/* SG/Buffer data ptrs are phys. */
-     CAM_CDB_PHYS          = 0x00400000,/* CDB poiner is physical	 */
+     CAM_CDB_PHYS          = 0x00400000,/* CDB pointer is physical	 */
      CAM_ENG_SGLIST        = 0x00800000,/* SG list is for the HBA engine */
 
 /* Phase cognizant mode flags */
-     CAM_DIS_AUTOSRP       = 0x01000000,/* Diable autosave/restore ptrs	*/
-     CAM_DIS_AUTODISC      = 0x02000000,/* Disable auto disconnect	*/
-     CAM_TGT_CCB_AVAIL     = 0x04000000,/* Target CCB available		*/
-     CAM_TGT_PHASE_MODE    = 0x08000000,/* The SIM runs in phase mode	*/
-     CAM_MSGB_VALID        = 0x20000000,/* Message buffer valid		*/
-     CAM_STATUS_VALID      = 0x40000000,/* Status buffer valid		*/
-     CAM_DATAB_VALID       = 0x80000000,/* Data buffer valid		*/
+     CAM_DIS_AUTOSRP       = 0x01000000,/* Disable autosave/restore ptrs */
+     CAM_DIS_AUTODISC      = 0x02000000,/* Disable auto disconnect	 */
+     CAM_TGT_CCB_AVAIL     = 0x04000000,/* Target CCB available		 */
+     CAM_TGT_PHASE_MODE    = 0x08000000,/* The SIM runs in phase mode	 */
+     CAM_MSGB_VALID        = 0x20000000,/* Message buffer valid		 */
+     CAM_STATUS_VALID      = 0x40000000,/* Status buffer valid		 */
+     CAM_DATAB_VALID       = 0x80000000,/* Data buffer valid		 */
 
 /* Host target Mode flags */
      CAM_TERM_IO           = 0x20000000,/* Terminate I/O Message sup.    */
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ used as the seek value.
 operates like
 .Fn csio_decode
 except that instead of placing the decoded contents of the buffer in
-varardic arguments, the decoded buffer contents are returned to the user
+variadic arguments, the decoded buffer contents are returned to the user
 via the
 .Fn arg_put
 function that is passed in.

lib/libcrypt/crypt.3

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ MD5
 Blowfish
 .El
 .Pp
-Other crypt formats may be easilly added.  An example salt would be:
+Other crypt formats may be easily added.  An example salt would be:
 .Bl -tag -offset indent
 .It Cm "$3$thesalt$rest"
 .El

lib/libdevinfo/devinfo.3

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ struct devinfo_dev {
     char		*dd_location;	/* Where bus thinks dev at */
     uint32_t		dd_devflags;	/* API flags */
     uint16_t		dd_flags;	/* internal dev flags */
-    device_state_t	dd_state;	/* attacement state of dev */
+    device_state_t	dd_state;	/* attachment state of dev */
 };
 
 struct devinfo_rman {

lib/libedit/editrc.5

@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ Cut the entire line and save in cut buffer.
 Cut area between mark and cursor and save in cut buffer.
 .It Ic em-copy-region
 Copy area between mark and cursor to cut buffer.
-.It Ic em-gosmacs-traspose
+.It Ic em-gosmacs-transpose
 Exchange the two characters before the cursor.
 .It Ic em-next-word
 Move next to end of current word.

lib/libexpat/libbsdxml.3

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ To avoid version and autoconfiguration issues, the library has been
 renamed to
 .Nm
 rather than retain the original eXpat library and include file names
-to prevent confusion and autoconfiguation issues for 3rd party
+to prevent confusion and autoconfiguration issues for 3rd party
 software.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 For full documentation, please see the eXpat webpage at

lib/libfetch/fetch.3

@@ -512,10 +512,10 @@ This variable is used if and only if connected to an HTTP proxy, and
 is ignored if a user and/or a password were specified in the proxy
 URL.
 .It Ev HTTP_REFERER
-Specifies the referer URL to use for HTTP requests.
+Specifies the referrer URL to use for HTTP requests.
 If set to
 .Dq auto ,
-the document URL will be used as referer URL.
+the document URL will be used as referrer URL.
 .It Ev HTTP_USER_AGENT
 Specifies the User-Agent string to use for HTTP requests.
 This can be useful when working with HTTP origin or proxy servers that

lib/libftpio/ftpio.3

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ more about what happened if you're familiar with FTP error codes).
 returns a human readable version of the supplied server failure code.
 .Pp
 .Fn ftpGet
-attempts to retreive the file named by the
+attempts to retrieve the file named by the
 .Fa file
 argument (which is assumed to be relative to the FTP server's current directory,
 see
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ to boolean value
 .Fa status .
 .Pp
 .Fn ftpGetURL
-attempts to retreive the file named by the supplied
+attempts to retrieve the file named by the supplied
 .Fa URL
 and can be considered equivalent to the combined
 .Fn ftpLogin ,

lib/libipsec/ipsec_set_policy.3

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Both
 .Ar src
 and
 .Ar dst
-can be omited.
+can be omitted.
 .Pp
 .Ar level
 must be set to one of the following:

lib/libnetgraph/netgraph.3

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ in
 .Tn ASCII
 format; however, this results in additional messages being
 sent which may interfere with debugging.  At even higher levels,
-even these additional messagages will be displayed, etc.
+even these additional messages will be displayed, etc.
 .Pp
 Note that
 .Xr select 2

lib/libpam/modules/pam_ftp/pam_ftp.8

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ authentication attempt was declined.
 .It Cm no_anon
 Disallow anonymous access.
 .It Cm ignore
-Ingnore the password supplied,
+Ignore the password supplied,
 and do not use its constituent parts
 (username and hostname)
 as

lib/libpam/modules/pam_opie/pam_opie.8

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ debugging information at
 level.
 .It Cm auth_as_self
 This option will require the user
-to authenticate themself as the user
+to authenticate himself as the user
 given by
 .Xr getlogin 2 ,
 not as the account they are attempting to access.

lib/libpam/modules/pam_unix/pam_unix.8

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ except that if the previously obtained password fails,
 the user is prompted for another password.
 .It Cm auth_as_self
 This option will require the user
-to authenticate themself as the user
+to authenticate himself as the user
 given by
 .Xr getlogin 2 ,
 not as the account they are attempting to access.

lib/libpthread/man/pthread_mutexattr.3

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ functions copy the value of the attribute that corresponds to each function name
 to the location pointed to by the second function parameter.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 If successful, these functions return 0.
-Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicacte the error.
+Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error.
 .Sh ERRORS
 .Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
 will fail if:

lib/libpthread/man/sem_destroy.3

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function destroys the unnamed semaphore pointed to by
 After a successful call to
 .Fn sem_destroy ,
 .Fa sem
-is unuseable until re-initialized by another call to
+is unusable until re-initialized by another call to
 .Fn sem_init .
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 .Rv -std sem_destroy

lib/libutil/auth.3

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The function
 .Fn auth_getval
-returns the value assocated with the field called
+returns the value associated with the field called
 .Fa name
 or NULL if no such field is found or the auth file cannot be opened.
 .Sh SEE ALSO

lib/libutil/login_cap.3

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ The suffix used determines the units, and multiple values and
 units may be used in combination (e.g. 1m500k = 1.5 megabytes).
 A value with no suffix is interpreted as bytes,  B as 512-byte
 blocks, K as kilobytes, M as megabytes, G as gigabytes and T as
-terrabytes.
+terabytes.
 Case is ignored.
 The error value is returned if there is a login capabilities database
 error, if an invalid suffix is used, or if a numeric value cannot be

lib/msun/man/hypot.3

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 .Nm hypotf ,
 .Nm cabs ,
 .Nm cabsf
-.Nd euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions
+.Nd Euclidean distance and complex absolute value functions
 .Sh LIBRARY
 .Lb libm
 .Sh SYNOPSIS

libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8

@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ comments.
 Defining a virtual host for the primary IP address or hostname
 changes the default for ftp logins to that address.
 The 'user', 'statfile', 'welcome' and 'motd' fields may be left
-blank, or a single hypen '-' used to indicate that the default
+blank, or a single hyphen '-' used to indicate that the default
 value is to be used.
 .Pp
 As with any anonymous login configuration, due care must be given

libexec/getty/gettytab.5

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ Note that the
 .Ql \ep
 sequence is only valid for send strings and causes a half-second
 pause between sending the previous and next characters.
-Hexidecimal values are, at most, 2 hex digits long, and octal
+Hexadecimal values are, at most, 2 hex digits long, and octal
 values are a maximum of 3 octal digits.
 .Pp
 The

libexec/ypxfr/ypxfr.8

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Note that all files created by
 are owner readable and writable only for security reasons. Since the
 .Tn NIS
 maps and the directory in which they reside are normally owned by
-root, this prevents non-privleged users from making unauthorized
+root, this prevents non-privileged users from making unauthorized
 modifications.
 .Pp
 In order to maintain consistency across all

sbin/atm/atm/atm.8

@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ the whole ATMARP table will be displayed.
 If a host name or IP address is specified, only information about the
 given host is displayed.
 .PP
-This command dislays both information that has been learned dynamically
+This command displays both information that has been learned dynamically
 (through one form or another of ATMARP and via SCSP) and information
 which has been configured by the user (through the \fIadd ARP\fP
 subcommand).

sbin/devd/devd.8

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Enable debugging messages and run in the foreground instead of
 becoming a daemon.
 .El
 .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
-.Nm 
+.Nm
 is a system daemon that runs in the background all the time.
 Whenever a device is added to or removed from the device tree,
 .Nm
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ to use a table to locate and load via
 .Xr kldload 8
 the proper driver for an unrecognized device that is added to the system.
 .Pp
-.Nm 
+.Nm
 hooks into the
 .Xr devctl 4
 device driver.
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ This device driver has hooks into the device configuration system.
 When nodes are added or deleted from the tree, this device will
 deliver information about the event to
 .Nm .
-Once 
-.Nm 
+Once
+.Nm
 has parsed the message, it will search its action list for that kind
 of event and perform the action with the highest matching value.
 For most mundane uses, the default handlers are adequate.
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ aspect of what happens.
 .Pp
 .Nm
 reads /etc/devd.conf and uses that file to drive the rest of the process.
-While the format of this file is described in 
-.Xr devd.conf 5 
+While the format of this file is described in
+.Xr devd.conf 5
 some basics are covered here.
 In the options section, one can define multiple directories to search
 for config files.
@@ -102,4 +102,4 @@ config files.
 .An M. Warner Losh
 .Sh BUGS
 devd currently always runs "/etc/devd-generic $device $startstop" for
-all device events, reguardless of what the config file says to do.
+all device events, regardless of what the config file says to do.

sbin/devd/devd.conf.5

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 .Sh OVERVIEW
 .Ss General Syntax
 A
-.Xr devd 8 
+.Xr devd 8
 configuration consists of two general features, statements
 and comments.
 All statements end with a semicolon.

sbin/fsck/fsck.8

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ after the system has completed going multiuser, with the
 flag to do checking on all the file systems
 that can do background checking.
 Unlike the foreground checking,
-the background checking is started asynchonously
+the background checking is started asynchronously
 so that other system activity can proceed
 even on the file systems that are being checked.
 .Pp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Enter preen mode.
 In preen mode, only a restricted class of innocuous
 file system inconsistencies will be corrected.
 If unexpected inconsistencies caused by hardware or
-software failures are encounted, the check program
+software failures are encountered, the check program
 will exit with a failure.
 See the manual pages for the individual check programs
 for a list of the sorts of failures that they correct

sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ So
 .Ar out
 is required (and
 .Ar in
-invalid) whenver
+invalid) whenever
 .Ar xmit
 is used.
 Specifying

sbin/mdmfs/mdmfs.8

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ do not run
 .Xr mdconfig 8
 to try to detach the unit before attaching it.
 .It Fl d Ar rotdelay
-Specify the mininum time in milliseconds required to initiate another
+Specify the minimum time in milliseconds required to initiate another
 disk transfer on the same cylinder.
 Modern disks with read/write-behind achieve higher performance without
 this feature,

sbin/mount_hpfs/mount_hpfs.8

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ To mount an hpfs volume located in /dev/wd1s1:
 .Ed
 .Sh WRITING
 There is limited writing ability and it is not well-tested.
-It is strongly recomended to mount readonly!
+It is strongly recommended to mount readonly!
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mount 2 ,
 .Xr unmount 2 ,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ It is strongly recomended to mount readonly!
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Nm
-utility first appered in
+utility first appeared in
 .Fx 3.0 .
 .Sh AUTHORS
 HPFS kernel implementation,

sbin/ping/ping.8

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is
 returned and nothing is sent.
 .It Fl t Ar timeout
 Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how
-many packets have been recieved.
+many packets have been received.
 .It Fl T Ar ttl
 Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets.
 This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.

sbin/raidctl/raidctl.8

@@ -38,29 +38,29 @@
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 .\" All rights reserved.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" Author: Mark Holland
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 .\" its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 .\" notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 .\" software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 .\" thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 .\" CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 .\" FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\"  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 .\"  School of Computer Science
 .\"  Carnegie Mellon University
 .\"  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 .\" rights to redistribute these changes.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .Dd November 6, 1998
 .Dt RAIDCTL 8
 .Os
@@ -69,62 +69,62 @@
 .Nd configuration utility for the RAIDframe disk driver
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl a Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
 .Op Fl v
 .Fl A Op yes | no | root
 .Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
-.Fl B Ar dev 
+.Op Fl v
+.Fl B Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl c Ar config_file
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl C Ar config_file
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl f Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl F Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl g Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl i Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl I Ar serial_number Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl p Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl P Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl r Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl R Ar component Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
-.Fl s Ar dev 
+.Op Fl v
+.Fl s Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl S Ar dev
 .Nm
-.Op Fl v 
+.Op Fl v
 .Fl u Ar dev
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Nm
 is the user-land control program for
 .Xr raid 4 ,
-the RAIDframe disk device.  
+the RAIDframe disk device.
 .Nm
 is primarily used to dynamically configure and unconfigure RAIDframe disk
 devices.  For more information about the RAIDframe disk device, see
@@ -133,18 +133,18 @@ devices.  For more information about the RAIDframe disk device, see
 This document assumes the reader has at least rudimentary knowledge of
 RAID and RAID concepts.
 .Pp
-The command-line options for 
+The command-line options for
 .Nm
 are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Fl a Ar component Ar dev
-Add 
+Add
 .Ar component
-as a hot spare for the device 
+as a hot spare for the device
 .Ar dev .
 .It Fl A Ic yes Ar dev
 Make the RAID set auto-configurable.  The RAID set will be
-automatically configured at boot 
+automatically configured at boot
 .Ar before
 the root file system is
 mounted.  Note that all components of the set must be of type RAID in the
@@ -154,20 +154,20 @@ Turn off auto-configuration for the RAID set.
 .It Fl A Ic root Ar dev
 Make the RAID set auto-configurable, and also mark the set as being
 eligible to be the root partition.  A RAID set configured this way
-will 
+will
 .Ar override
 the use of the boot disk as the root device.  All components of the
 set must be of type RAID in the disklabel.  Note that the kernel being
 booted must currently reside on a non-RAID set.
 .It Fl B Ar dev
-Initiate a copyback of reconstructed data from a spare disk to 
-its original disk.  This is performed after a component has failed, 
+Initiate a copyback of reconstructed data from a spare disk to
+its original disk.  This is performed after a component has failed,
 and the failed drive has been reconstructed onto a spare drive.
 .It Fl c Ar config_file
-Configure a RAIDframe device 
+Configure a RAIDframe device
 according to the configuration given in
 .Ar config_file .
-A description of the contents of 
+A description of the contents of
 .Ar config_file
 is given later.
 .It Fl C Ar config_file
@@ -176,12 +176,12 @@ As for
 but forces the configuration to take place.  This is required the
 first time a RAID set is configured.
 .It Fl f Ar component Ar dev
-This marks the specified 
+This marks the specified
 .Ar component
 as having failed, but does not initiate a reconstruction of that
-component.  
+component.
 .It Fl F Ar component Ar dev
-Fails the specified 
+Fails the specified
 .Ar component
 of the device, and immediately begin a reconstruction of the failed
 disk onto an available hot spare.  This is one of the mechanisms used to start
@@ -190,19 +190,19 @@ the reconstruction process if a component does have a hardware failure.
 Get the component label for the specified component.
 .It Fl i Ar dev
 Initialize the RAID device.  In particular, (re-write) the parity on
-the selected device.  This 
+the selected device.  This
 .Ar MUST
-be done for 
-.Ar all 
+be done for
+.Ar all
 RAID sets before the RAID device is labeled and before
 file systems are created on the RAID device.
 .It Fl I Ar serial_number Ar dev
-Initialize the component labels on each component of the device.  
-.Ar serial_number 
+Initialize the component labels on each component of the device.
+.Ar serial_number
 is used as one of the keys in determining whether a
 particular set of components belong to the same RAID set.  While not
 strictly enforced, different serial numbers should be used for
-different RAID sets.  This step 
+different RAID sets.  This step
 .Ar MUST
 be performed when a new RAID set is created.
 .It Fl p Ar dev
@@ -215,34 +215,34 @@ This is normally used after a system crash (and before a
 .Xr fsck 8 )
 to ensure the integrity of the parity.
 .It Fl r Ar component Ar dev
-Remove the spare disk specified by 
-.Ar component 
+Remove the spare disk specified by
+.Ar component
 from the set of available spare components.
 .It Fl R Ar component Ar dev
-Fails the specified 
-.Ar component , 
-if necessary, and immediately begins a reconstruction back to 
+Fails the specified
+.Ar component ,
+if necessary, and immediately begins a reconstruction back to
 .Ar component .
 This is useful for reconstructing back onto a component after
 it has been replaced following a failure.
 .It Fl s Ar dev
 Display the status of the RAIDframe device for each of the components
-and spares.  
+and spares.
 .It Fl S Ar dev
 Check the status of parity re-writing, component reconstruction, and
 component copyback.  The output indicates the amount of progress
 achieved in each of these areas.
 .It Fl u Ar dev
 Unconfigure the RAIDframe device.
-.It Fl v 
+.It Fl v
 Be more verbose.  For operations such as reconstructions, parity
 re-writing, and copybacks, provide a progress indicator.
 .El
 .Pp
-The device used by 
+The device used by
 .Nm
-is specified by 
-.Ar dev .  
+is specified by
+.Ar dev .
 .Ar dev
 may be either the full name of the device, e.g. /dev/rraid0d,
 for the i386 architecture, and /dev/rraid0c
@@ -250,31 +250,31 @@ for all others, or just simply raid0 (for /dev/rraid0d).
 .Pp
 The format of the configuration file is complex, and
 only an abbreviated treatment is given here.  In the configuration
-files, a 
+files, a
 .Sq #
 indicates the beginning of a comment.
 .Pp
 There are 4 required sections of a configuration file, and 2
-optional sections.  Each section begins with a 
-.Sq START , 
+optional sections.  Each section begins with a
+.Sq START ,
 followed by
 the section name, and the configuration parameters associated with that
-section.  The first section is the 
+section.  The first section is the
 .Sq array
 section, and it specifies
 the number of rows, columns, and spare disks in the RAID set.  For
-example: 
+example:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 START array
 1 3 0
 .Ed
 .Pp
 indicates an array with 1 row, 3 columns, and 0 spare disks.  Note
-that although multi-dimensional arrays may be specified, they are 
+that although multi-dimensional arrays may be specified, they are
 .Ar NOT
 supported in the driver.
 .Pp
-The second section, the 
+The second section, the
 .Sq disks
 section, specifies the actual
 components of the device.  For example:
@@ -287,42 +287,42 @@ START disks
 .Pp
 specifies the three component disks to be used in the RAID device.  If
 any of the specified drives cannot be found when the RAID device is
-configured, then they will be marked as 
-.Sq failed , 
+configured, then they will be marked as
+.Sq failed ,
 and the system will
-operate in degraded mode.  Note that it is 
+operate in degraded mode.  Note that it is
 .Ar imperative
 that the order of the components in the configuration file does not
 change between configurations of a RAID device.  Changing the order
 of the components will result in data loss if the set is configured
-with the 
+with the
 .Fl C
 option.  In normal circumstances, the RAID set will not configure if
 only
 .Fl c
-is specified, and the components are out-of-order.  
+is specified, and the components are out-of-order.
 .Pp
-The next section, which is the 
+The next section, which is the
 .Sq spare
 section, is optional, and, if
-present, specifies the devices to be used as 
+present, specifies the devices to be used as
 .Sq hot spares
 -- devices
 which are on-line, but are not actively used by the RAID driver unless
-one of the main components fail.  A simple 
+one of the main components fail.  A simple
 .Sq spare
 section might be:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
-START spare 
+START spare
 /dev/da3s1e
 .Ed
 .Pp
 for a configuration with a single spare component.  If no spare drives
-are to be used in the configuration, then the 
+are to be used in the configuration, then the
 .Sq spare
 section may be omitted.
 .Pp
-The next section is the 
+The next section is the
 .Sq layout
 section.  This section describes the
 general layout parameters for the RAID device, and provides such
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@ While certain values above 1 are permitted, a discussion of valid
 values and the consequences of using anything other than 1 are outside
 the scope of this document.  The last value in this section (5 in this
 example) indicates the parity configuration desired.  Valid entries
-include: 
+include:
 .Bl -tag -width inde
-.It 0 
+.It 0
 RAID level 0.  No parity, only simple striping.
 .It 1
 RAID level 1.  Mirroring.  The parity is the mirror.
@@ -360,12 +360,12 @@ all components.
 .El
 .Pp
 There are other valid entries here, including those for Even-Odd
-parity, RAID level 5 with rotated sparing, Chained declustering, 
+parity, RAID level 5 with rotated sparing, Chained declustering,
 and Interleaved declustering, but as of this writing the code for
-those parity operations has not been tested with 
+those parity operations has not been tested with
 .Fx .
 .Pp
-The next required section is the 
+The next required section is the
 .Sq queue
 section.  This is most often
 specified as:
@@ -375,15 +375,15 @@ fifo 100
 .Ed
 .Pp
 where the queuing method is specified as fifo (first-in, first-out),
-and the size of the per-component queue is limited to 100 requests.  
+and the size of the per-component queue is limited to 100 requests.
 Other queuing methods may also be specified, but a discussion of them
 is beyond the scope of this document.
 .Pp
-The final section, the 
+The final section, the
 .Sq debug
 section, is optional.  For more details
 on this the reader is referred to the RAIDframe documentation
-discussed in the 
+discussed in the
 .Sx HISTORY
 section.
 
@@ -400,17 +400,17 @@ with the use of
 and that they understand how the component reconstruction process
 works.  The examples in this section will focus on configuring a
 number of different RAID sets of varying degrees of redundancy.
-By working through these examples, administrators should be able to 
+By working through these examples, administrators should be able to
 develop a good feel for how to configure a RAID set, and how to
 initiate reconstruction of failed components.
 .Pp
 In the following examples
 .Sq raid0
 will be used to denote the RAID device.  Depending on the
-architecture, 
-.Sq /dev/rraid0c 
-or 
-.Sq /dev/rraid0d 
+architecture,
+.Sq /dev/rraid0c
+or
+.Sq /dev/rraid0d
 may be used in place of
 .Sq raid0 .
 .Pp
@@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ f:  1800000  200495     RAID              # (Cyl.  405*- 4041*)
 .Ed
 .Pp
 While
-.Dv FS_BSDFFS 
+.Dv FS_BSDFFS
 will also work as the component type, the type
-.Dv FS_RAID 
+.Dv FS_RAID
 is preferred for RAIDframe use, as it is required for features such as
 auto-configuration.  As part of the initial configuration of each RAID
 set, each component will be given a
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ required for the auto-detection and auto-configuration of RAID sets at
 boot time.  For a component label to be considered valid, that
 particular component label must be in agreement with the other
 component labels in the set.  For example, the serial number,
-.Sq modification counter , 
+.Sq modification counter ,
 number of rows and number of columns must all
 be in agreement.  If any of these are different, then the component is
 not considered to be part of the set.  See
@@ -455,10 +455,10 @@ not considered to be part of the set.  See
 for more information about component labels.
 .Pp
 Once the components have been identified, and the disks have
-appropriate labels, 
+appropriate labels,
 .Nm
 is then used to configure the
-.Xr raid 4 
+.Xr raid 4
 device.  To configure the device, a configuration
 file which looks something like:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
@@ -538,16 +538,16 @@ the RAID 5 case above.  Note as well that RAID 1 sets are currently
 limited to only 2 components.  At present, n-way mirroring is not
 possible.
 .Pp
-The first time a RAID set is configured, the 
+The first time a RAID set is configured, the
 .Fl C
 option must be used:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -C raid0.conf
 .Ed
 .Pp
-where 
+where
 .Sq raid0.conf
-is the name of the RAID configuration file.  The 
+is the name of the RAID configuration file.  The
 .Fl C
 forces the configuration to succeed, even if any of the component
 labels are incorrect.  The
@@ -556,36 +556,36 @@ option should not be used lightly in
 situations other than initial configurations, as if
 the system is refusing to configure a RAID set, there is probably a
 very good reason for it.  After the initial configuration is done (and
-appropriate component labels are added with the 
+appropriate component labels are added with the
 .Fl I
 option) then raid0 can be configured normally with:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -c raid0.conf
 .Ed
 .Pp
-When the RAID set is configured for the first time, it is 
+When the RAID set is configured for the first time, it is
 necessary to initialize the component labels, and to initialize the
 parity on the RAID set.  Initializing the component labels is done with:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -I 112341 raid0
 .Ed
 .Pp
-where 
+where
 .Sq 112341
 is a user-specified serial number for the RAID set.  This
-initialization step is 
-.Ar required 
+initialization step is
+.Ar required
 for all RAID sets.  As well, using different
-serial numbers between RAID sets is 
-.Ar strongly encouraged , 
+serial numbers between RAID sets is
+.Ar strongly encouraged ,
 as using the same serial number for all RAID sets will only serve to
 decrease the usefulness of the component label checking.
 .Pp
 Initializing the RAID set is done via the
 .Fl i
-option.  This initialization 
+option.  This initialization
 .Ar MUST
-be done for 
+be done for
 .Ar all
 RAID sets, since among other things it verifies that the parity (if
 any) on the RAID set is correct.  Since this initialization may be
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ Parity Re-write status:
  10% |****                                   | ETA:    06:03 /
 .Ed
 .Pp
-The output provides a 
+The output provides a
 .Sq Percent Complete
 in both a numeric and graphical format, as well as an estimated time
 to completion of the operation.
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ part of RAID, it is critical that the parity is correct
 as much as possible.  If the parity is not correct, then there is no
 guarantee that data will not be lost if a component fails.
 .Pp
-Once the parity is known to be correct, 
+Once the parity is known to be correct,
 it is then safe to perform
 .Xr disklabel 8 ,
 .Xr newfs 8 ,
@@ -653,13 +653,13 @@ fifo 100
 /dev/da0s1e is the real component, and will be the second disk of a RAID 1
 set.  The component /dev/da6s1e, which must exist, but have no physical
 device associated with it, is simply used as a placeholder.
-Configuration (using 
+Configuration (using
 .Fl C
-and 
+and
 .Fl I Ar 12345
 as above) proceeds normally, but initialization of the RAID set will
 have to wait until all physical components are present.  After
-configuration, this set can be used normally, but will be operating 
+configuration, this set can be used normally, but will be operating
 in degraded mode.  Once a second physical component is obtained, it
 can be hot-added, the existing data mirrored, and normal operation
 resumed.
@@ -731,11 +731,11 @@ Copyback is 100% complete.
 This indicates that all is well with the RAID set.  Of importance here
 are the component lines which read
 .Sq optimal ,
-and the 
+and the
 .Sq Parity status
 line which indicates that the parity is up-to-date.  Note that if
 there are file systems open on the RAID set, the individual components
-will not be 
+will not be
 .Sq clean
 but the set as a whole can still be clean.
 .Pp
@@ -776,21 +776,21 @@ Spares:
            /dev/da4s1e: spare
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Note that with the use of 
+Note that with the use of
 .Fl f
 a reconstruction has not been started.  To both fail the disk and
-start a reconstruction, the 
+start a reconstruction, the
 .Fl F
 option must be used:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -F /dev/da2s1e raid0
 .Ed
 .Pp
-The 
+The
 .Fl f
 option may be used first, and then the
 .Fl F
-option used later, on the same disk, if desired.  
+option used later, on the same disk, if desired.
 Immediately after the reconstruction is started, the status will report:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 Components:
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ Copyback is 100% complete.
 .Ed
 .Pp
 This indicates that a reconstruction is in progress.  To find out how
-the reconstruction is progressing the 
+the reconstruction is progressing the
 .Fl S
 option may be used.  This will indicate the progress in terms of the
 percentage of the reconstruction that is completed.  When the
@@ -829,12 +829,12 @@ Copyback is 100% complete.
 .Ed
 .Pp
 At this point there are at least two options.  First, if /dev/da2s1e is
-known to be good (i.e. the failure was either caused by 
+known to be good (i.e. the failure was either caused by
 .Fl f
-or 
+or
 .Fl F ,
-or the failed disk was replaced), then a copyback of the data can 
-be initiated with the 
+or the failed disk was replaced), then a copyback of the data can
+be initiated with the
 .Fl B
 option.  In this example, this would copy the entire contents of
 /dev/da4s1e to /dev/da2s1e.  Once the copyback procedure is complete, the
@@ -864,12 +864,12 @@ START drives
 .Ed
 .Pp
 This can be done as /dev/da4s1e is completely interchangeable with
-/dev/da2s1e at this point.  Note that extreme care must be taken when 
+/dev/da2s1e at this point.  Note that extreme care must be taken when
 changing the order of the drives in a configuration.  This is one of
 the few instances where the devices and/or their orderings can be
 changed without loss of data!  In general, the ordering of components
-in a configuration file should 
-.Ar never 
+in a configuration file should
+.Ar never
 be changed.
 .Pp
 If a component fails and there are no hot spares
@@ -898,11 +898,11 @@ Spares:
            /dev/da4s1e: spare
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Reconstruction could then take place using 
+Reconstruction could then take place using
 .Fl F
 as describe above.
 .Pp
-A second option is to rebuild directly onto /dev/da2s1e.  Once the disk 
+A second option is to rebuild directly onto /dev/da2s1e.  Once the disk
 containing /dev/da2s1e has been replaced, one can simply use:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -R /dev/da2s1e raid0
@@ -948,8 +948,8 @@ raidctl -a /dev/da3s1e raid0
 raidctl -F component1 raid0
 .Ed
 .Pp
-at which point the data missing from 
-.Sq component1 
+at which point the data missing from
+.Sq component1
 would be reconstructed onto /dev/da3s1e.
 .Pp
 .Ss RAID on RAID
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ configured correctly, even if the SCSI ID's of the component disks
 have become scrambled.
 .Pp
 Having a system's root file system (/) on a RAID set is also allowed,
-with the 
+with the
 .Sq a
 partition of such a RAID set being used for /.
 To use raid0a as the root file system, simply use:
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ To return raid0a to be just an auto-configuring set simply use the
 arguments.
 .Pp
 Note that kernels can only be directly read from RAID 1 components on
-alpha and pmax architectures.  On those architectures, the 
+alpha and pmax architectures.  On those architectures, the
 .Dv FS_RAID
 file system is recognized by the bootblocks, and will properly load the
 kernel directly from a RAID 1 component.  For other architectures, or
@@ -1033,26 +1033,26 @@ user will be prompted to select the root device.  At this time, RAID
 .Pp
 A typical RAID 1 setup with root on RAID might be as follows:
 .Bl -enum
-.It 
+.It
 wd0a - a small partition, which contains a complete, bootable, basic
-NetBSD installation. 
+NetBSD installation.
 .It
 wd1a - also contains a complete, bootable, basic NetBSD installation.
-.It 
+.It
 wd0e and wd1e - a RAID 1 set, raid0, used for the root file system.
 .It
 wd0f and wd1f - a RAID 1 set, raid1, which will be used only for
-swap space. 
+swap space.
 .It
 wd0g and wd1g - a RAID 1 set, raid2, used for /usr, /home, or other
 data, if desired.
-.It 
+.It
 wd0h and wd0h - a RAID 1 set, raid3, if desired.
 .El
 .Pp
 RAID sets raid0, raid1, and raid2 are all marked as
 auto-configurable.  raid0 is marked as being a root file system.
-When new kernels are installed, the kernel is not only copied to /, 
+When new kernels are installed, the kernel is not only copied to /,
 but also to wd0a and wd1a.  The kernel on wd0a is required, since that
 is the kernel the system boots from.  The kernel on wd1a is also
 required, since that will be the kernel used should wd0 fail.  The
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ available, in the event that one of the drives fail.
 .Pp
 There is no requirement that the root file system be on the same disk
 as the kernel.  For example, obtaining the kernel from wd0a, and using
-da0s1e and da1s1e for raid0, and the root file system, is fine.  It 
+da0s1e and da1s1e for raid0, and the root file system, is fine.  It
 .Ar is
 critical, however, that there be multiple kernels available, in the
 event of media failure.
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ Multi-layered RAID devices (such as a RAID 0 set made
 up of RAID 1 sets) are
 .Ar not
 supported as root devices or auto-configurable devices at this point.
-(Multi-layered RAID devices 
+(Multi-layered RAID devices
 .Ar are
 supported in general, however, as mentioned earlier.)  Note that in
 order to enable component auto-detection and auto-configuration of
@@ -1084,9 +1084,9 @@ must be in the kernel configuration file.  See
 for more details.
 .Pp
 .Ss Unconfiguration
-The final operation performed by 
+The final operation performed by
 .Nm
-is to unconfigure a 
+is to unconfigure a
 .Xr raid 4
 device.  This is accomplished via a simple:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ Distribution of components among controllers
 IO bandwidth
 .It
 File system access patterns
-.It 
+.It
 CPU speed
 .El
 .Pp
@@ -1138,13 +1138,13 @@ be calculated before the stripe is written, and then the stripe data
 and parity can be written in parallel.  When the amount of data being
 written is less than a full stripe worth, the
 .Sq small write
-problem occurs.  Since a 
+problem occurs.  Since a
 .Sq small write
 means only a portion of the stripe on the components is going to
 change, the data (and parity) on the components must be updated
-slightly differently.  First, the 
+slightly differently.  First, the
 .Sq old parity
-and 
+and
 .Sq old data
 must be read from the components.  Then the new parity is constructed,
 using the new data to be written, and the old data and old parity.
@@ -1158,18 +1158,18 @@ from the system will use exactly one large stripe write. As is seen
 later, there are some file system dependencies which may come into play
 here as well.
 .Pp
-Since the size of a 
+Since the size of a
 .Sq large IO
 is often (currently) only 32K or 64K, on a 5-drive RAID 5 set it may
 be desirable to select a SectPerSU value of 16 blocks (8K) or 32
 blocks (16K).  Since there are 4 data sectors per stripe, the maximum
 data per stripe is 64 blocks (32K) or 128 blocks (64K).  Again,
 empirical measurement will provide the best indicators of which
-values will yeild better performance.
+values will yield better performance.
 .Pp
 The parameters used for the file system are also critical to good
-performance.  For 
-.Xr newfs 8 , 
+performance.  For
+.Xr newfs 8 ,
 for example, increasing the block size to 32K or 64K may improve
 performance dramatically.  As well, changing the cylinders-per-group
 parameter from 16 to 32 or higher is often not only necessary for
@@ -1181,57 +1181,57 @@ Despite the length of this man-page, configuring a RAID set is a
 relatively straight-forward process.  All that needs to be done is the
 following steps:
 .Bl -enum
-.It 
-Use 
-.Xr disklabel 8 
+.It
+Use
+.Xr disklabel 8
 to create the components (of type RAID).
-.It 
-Construct a RAID configuration file: e.g. 
-.Sq raid0.conf 
-.It 
-Configure the RAID set with: 
+.It
+Construct a RAID configuration file: e.g.
+.Sq raid0.conf
+.It
+Configure the RAID set with:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -C raid0.conf
 .Ed
 .Pp
-.It 
-Initialize the component labels with: 
+.It
+Initialize the component labels with:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -I 123456 raid0
 .Ed
 .Pp
-.It 
-Initialize other important parts of the set with: 
+.It
+Initialize other important parts of the set with:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 raidctl -i raid0
 .Ed
 .Pp
 .It
-Get the default label for the RAID set: 
+Get the default label for the RAID set:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 disklabel raid0 > /tmp/label
 .Ed
 .Pp
-.It 
-Edit the label: 
+.It
+Edit the label:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 vi /tmp/label
 .Ed
 .Pp
-.It 
-Put the new label on the RAID set: 
+.It
+Put the new label on the RAID set:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 disklabel -R -r raid0 /tmp/label
 .Ed
 .Pp
-.It 
-Create the file system: 
+.It
+Create the file system:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
-newfs /dev/rraid0e 
+newfs /dev/rraid0e
 .Ed
 .Pp
 .It
-Mount the file system: 
+Mount the file system:
 .Bd -unfilled -offset indent
 mount /dev/raid0e /mnt
 .Ed
@@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ raidctl -c raid0.conf
 .Ed
 .Pp
 To re-configure the RAID set the next time it is needed, or put
-raid0.conf into /etc where it will automatically be started by 
+raid0.conf into /etc where it will automatically be started by
 the /etc/rc scripts.
 .El
 .Pp
@@ -1252,11 +1252,11 @@ Certain RAID levels (1, 4, 5, 6, and others) can protect against some
 data loss due to component failure.  However the loss of two
 components of a RAID 4 or 5 system, or the loss of a single component
 of a RAID 0 system will result in the entire file system being lost.
-RAID is 
+RAID is
 .Ar NOT
 a substitute for good backup practices.
 .Pp
-Recomputation of parity 
+Recomputation of parity
 .Ar MUST
 be performed whenever there is a chance that it may have been
 compromised.  This includes after system crashes, or before a RAID
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ is to use parity, but not keep the parity correct.  At least with RAID
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width /dev/XXrXraidX -compact
 .It Pa /dev/{,r}raid*
-.Cm raid 
+.Cm raid
 device special files.
 .El
 .Pp
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ Hot-spare removal is currently not available.
 .Sh HISTORY
 RAIDframe is a framework for rapid prototyping of RAID structures
 developed by the folks at the Parallel Data Laboratory at Carnegie
-Mellon University (CMU).  
+Mellon University (CMU).
 A more complete description of the internals and functionality of
 RAIDframe is found in the paper "RAIDframe: A Rapid Prototyping Tool
 for RAID Systems", by William V. Courtright II, Garth Gibson, Mark

sbin/reboot/reboot.8

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Boot the specified
 on the next system boot.
 If the kernel boots successfully, the
 .Em default
-kernel will be booted on succesive boots, this is a one-shot option.
+kernel will be booted on successive boots, this is a one-shot option.
 If the boot fails, the system will continue attempting to boot
 .Ar kernel
 until the boot process is interrupted and a valid kernel booted.

sbin/setkey/setkey.8

@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ both
 .Ar src
 and
 .Ar dst
-can be omited.
+can be omitted.
 .Ar level
 is to be one of the following:
 .Li default , use , require

sbin/vinum/vinum.8

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ configuration.
 .Op Fl r
 .Op Ar volume | plex | subdisk
 .Xc
-Reset statistisc counters for the specified objects, or for all objects if none
+Reset statistics counters for the specified objects, or for all objects if none
 are specified.
 .It Xo
 .Ic rm
@@ -2073,7 +2073,7 @@ volume raid setupstate
 .Ed
 .Pp
 Here the plexes are striped, increasing performance, and there are two of them,
-increasing reliablity.  Note that this example shows the subdisks of the second
+increasing reliability.  Note that this example shows the subdisks of the second
 plex in reverse order from the first plex.  This is for performance reasons and
 will be discussed below.  In addition, the volume specification includes the
 keyword

share/examples/ipfilter/firewall.1

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pass in from any to any
 block in log quick on ppp0 proto icmp from any to any icmp-type redir
 block in log quick on ppp0 proto tcp/udp all with short
 #
-#  Block any IP spoofing atempts.  (Packets "from" our network
+#  Block any IP spoofing attempts.  (Packets "from" our network
 #  shouldn't be coming in from outside).
 #
 block in log quick on ppp0 from 192.168.4.0/24 to any

share/examples/ipfilter/firewall.2

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ block in log quick on ppp0 proto icmp from any to any icmp-type redir
 block in log quick on ppp0 proto tcp/udp all with short
 block in log quick on ppp0 from any to any with ipopts
 #
-#  Block any IP spoofing atempts.  (Packets "from" our network
+#  Block any IP spoofing attempts.  (Packets "from" our network
 #  shouldn't be coming in from outside).
 #
 block in log quick on ppp0 from 192.168.4.0/24 to any

share/man/man3/pthread_attr_get_np.3

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Value returned as
 .Fa dst
 is supposed to be used in conjunction with
 .Fn pthread_attr_get*
-functions to retrive individual values from
+functions to retrieve individual values from
 .Vt pthread_attr_t
 structure.
 Parameter

share/man/man3/pthread_mutexattr.3

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ functions copy the value of the attribute that corresponds to each function name
 to the location pointed to by the second function parameter.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 If successful, these functions return 0.
-Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicacte the error.
+Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error.
 .Sh ERRORS
 .Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
 will fail if:

share/man/man4/ahd.4

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ is enabled.
 Logically OR the following bits together:
 .Bl -column -offset indent Value Function
 .Em "Value	Function"
-0x0001	Show miscellanious information
+0x0001	Show miscellaneous information
 0x0002	Show sense data
 0x0004	Show Serial EEPROM contents
 0x0008	Show bus termination settings
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ configuration option.
 The value assigned to this option should be a bitmap
 of all units where target mode is desired.
 For example, a value of 0x25 would enable target mode on units 0, 2, and 5.
-Note that target mode is only supoprted for ultra160 speeds and below.
+Note that target mode is only supported for ultra160 speeds and below.
 .Pp
 Per target configuration performed in the
 .Tn SCSI-Select

share/man/man4/crypto.4

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Perform a crypto operation against a previously setup session.
 .El
 .Sh FEATURES
 Depending on hardware being present, the following symmetric and
-assymetric cryptographic features are potentially available from
+asymmetric cryptographic features are potentially available from
 .Pa /dev/crypto :
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width ".Dv CRYPTO_RIPEMD160_HMAC" -offset indent -compact

share/man/man4/geom.4

@@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ A geom with attached consumers has a rank one higher than the
 highest rank of the geoms of the providers its consumers are
 attached to.
 .El
-.Sh "SPECIAL TOPOLOGICAL MANEUVRES"
+.Sh "SPECIAL TOPOLOGICAL MANEUVERS"
 In addition to the straightforward attach, which attaches a consumer
-to a provider, and dettach, which breaks the bond, a number of special
-toplogical maneuvres exists to facilitate configuration and to
+to a provider, and detach, which breaks the bond, a number of special
+topological maneuvers exists to facilitate configuration and to
 improve the overall flexibility.
 .Pp
 .Em TASTING
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ not loose quorum.
 When a provider is orphaned, this does not result in any immediate
 change in the topology, any attached consumers are still attached,
 any opened paths are still open, it is the responsibility of the
-geoms above to close and dettach as soon as this can happen.
+geoms above to close and detach as soon as this can happen.
 .Pp
 The typical scenario is that a device driver notices a disk has
 gone and orphans the provider for it.
@@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ Providers, which are not attached, are destroyed right away.
 Eventually at the toplevel the geom which interfaces
 to the DEVFS received an orphan event on its consumer and it
 calls destroy_dev(9) and does an explicit close if the
-device was open and then dettaches its consumer.
+device was open and then detaches its consumer.
 The provider below is now no longer attached to and can be
-destroyed, if the geom has no more providers it can dettach
+destroyed, if the geom has no more providers it can detach
 its consumer and selfdestruct and so the carnage passes back
-down the tree, until the original provider is dettached from
+down the tree, until the original provider is detached from
 and it can be destroyed by the geom serving the device driver.
 .Pp
 While this approach seems byzantine, it does provide the maximum
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ represented by struct bio, originate at a consumer,
 are scheduled on its attached provider, and when processed, returned
 to the consumer.
 It is important to realize that the struct bio which
-enters throuh the provider of a particular geom does not "come
+enters through the provider of a particular geom does not "come
 out on the other side".
 Even simple transformations like MBR and BSD will clone the
 struct bio, modify the clone, and schedule the clone on their

share/man/man4/mac_biba.4

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
 .\" All rights reserved.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Chris
 .\" Costello at Safeport Network Services and NAI Labs, the Security
 .\" Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
 .\" contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
 .\" research program.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\" 
+.\"
 .\" $FreeBSD$
 .Dd NOVEMBER 18, 2002
 .Os
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ The Biba integrity model is also similar to
 with the exception that the dominance operator and access rules are reversed,
 preventing the downward flow of information rather than the upward flow of
 information.
-Multi-Level Security (MLS) protects the confentiality, rather than the
+Multi-Level Security (MLS) protects the confidentiality, rather than the
 integrity, of subjects and objects.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr lomac 4 ,

share/man/man4/ng_bluetooth.4

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ A read-write integer variable that controls the HCI connection timeout, i.e.\&
 how long the HCI layer will wait for the
 .Dv Connection_Complete
 event.
-Normaly this should not be required as Bluetooth devices have
+Normally this should not be required as Bluetooth devices have
 connection timeout of their own and will send event back.
 This timeout
 is required to ensure that no connection will stall in case when the HCI

share/man/man4/ng_btsocket.4

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Not implemented.
 .It Dv SO_L2CAP_FLUSH
 Get (set) value of the flush timeout.
 .Bf -emphasis
-Not implemeted.
+Not implemented.
 .Ef
 .El
 .Sh HOOKS

share/man/man4/ng_hci.4

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ SCO data packets that the Host Controller can have waiting for transmission in
 its buffers.
 .El
 .Pp
-As soon as HCI initialization has been successfuly performed, HCI control
+As soon as HCI initialization has been successfully performed, HCI control
 application must turn on
 .Dq inited
 bit for the node.
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ structure.
 .It Dv raw
 Raw hook.
 Every HCI frame (including HCI command frame) that goes in
-or out will be delivired to the hook.
-Usually Bluetooth raw HCI sockets layer is connected to the hook.
+or out will be delivered to the hook.
+Usually the Bluetooth raw HCI socket layer is connected to the hook.
 Single HCI frame contained in single
 .Vt mbuf
 structure.

share/man/man4/psm.4

@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ At debug level 2, much more detailed information is logged.
 .Sh CAVEATS
 Many pad devices behave as if the first (left) button were pressed if
 the user `taps' the surface of the pad.
-In contrast, some pad products, e.g. some verions of ALPS GlidePoint
+In contrast, some pad products, e.g. some versions of ALPS GlidePoint
 and Interlink VersaPad, treat the tapping action
 as fourth button events.
 .Pp

share/man/man4/tcp.4

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ recycling for a few minutes.
 .It tcp.inet.tcp.rexmit_{min,slop}
 Adjust the retransmit timer calculation for TCP.  The slop is
 typically added to the raw calculation to take into account
-occassional variances that the SRTT (smoothed round trip time)
+occasional variances that the SRTT (smoothed round trip time)
 is unable to accomodate, while the minimum specifies an
 absolute minimum.  While a number of TCP RFCs suggest a 1
 second minimum these RFCs tend to focus on streaming behavior

share/man/man4/ti.4

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Dump the trace buffer from the card.  The argument is
 .Vt "struct ti_trace_buf" .
 .It Dv ALT_ATTACH
 This ioctl is used for compatibility with Alteon's Solaris driver.  They
-apparantly only have one character interface for debugging, so they have
+apparently only have one character interface for debugging, so they have
 to tell it which Tigon instance they want to debug.  This ioctl is a noop
 for
 .Fx .

share/man/man5/rc.conf.5

@@ -2073,7 +2073,7 @@ Set to
 by default.
 Set to
 .Dq Li YES
-to enable the display and funtionality of function key labels (as found
+to enable the display and functionality of function key labels (as found
 on
 .Tn Hewlett-Packard
 terminals such as the

share/man/man7/tuning.7

@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ TCP session disconnections.
 .Pp
 The
 .Va net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack
-TCP feature is largly misunderstood.
+TCP feature is largely misunderstood.
 Historically speaking, this feature
 was designed to allow the acknowledgement to transmitted data to be returned
 along with the response.
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ slightly delay the teardown of a connection, or slightly delay the ramp-up
 of a slow-start TCP connection.
 While we are not sure we believe that
 the several FAQs related to packages such as SAMBA and SQUID which advise
-turning off delayed acks may be refering to the slow-start issue.
+turning off delayed acks may be referring to the slow-start issue.
 In
 .Fx ,
 it would be more beneficial to increase the slow-start flightsize via

share/man/man8/picobsd.8

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ configuration suitable for bridges, routers and firewalls.
 .Pp
 The following configurations are also present but for reference
 only.
-Many of them are irrimediably out of date and no effort
+Many of them are irremediably out of date and no effort
 is done to keep them in good shape:
 .Bl -hang -width ".Pa bridge"
 .It Pa dial

share/man/man8/rc.subr.8

@@ -93,10 +93,10 @@ be rewritten to make use of it.
 The
 .Nm
 functions were mostly imported from
-.Nx 
+.Nx
 and it is intended that they remain synced between the
 two projects. With that in mind there are several variable
-defenitions that can help in this regard. They are:
+definitions that can help in this regard. They are:
 .Bl -tag -width 4n
 .It Ic OSTYPE
 Its value will be either
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ log it to the system log using
 .Xr logger 1 ,
 and
 return to the caller.
-The error message consists of the sript name
+The error message consists of the script name
 (from
 .Sy $0 ) ,
 followed by
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ followed by
 and then
 .Ar message .
 This function is intended to be used by developers
-as an aid to debuging scripts. It can be turned on or off
+as an aid to debugging scripts. It can be turned on or off
 by the
 .Xr rc.conf 5
 variable
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ The message consists of the script name
 followed by
 .Dq ": INFO: " ,
 and then
-.Ar mesage .
+.Ar message .
 The display of this informational output can be
 turned on or off by the
 .Xr rc.conf 5
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ checks and process (non-)existence checks.
 Shell commands to run if running
 .Ar argument Ns Sy _cmd
 or the default method for
-.Ar argument 
+.Ar argument
 returned a zero exit code.
 .It Sy sig_stop
 Signal to send the processes to stop in the default
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ Argument provided to
 .Sy run_rc_command ,
 after fast and force processing has been performed.
 .It Sy rc_flags
-Flasg to start the default command with.
+Flags to start the default command with.
 Defaults to
 .Sy ${name}_flags ,
 unless overridden by the environment variable

share/man/man9/accept_filter.9

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ the kernel will then disallow and further userland use of the filter.
 .Pp
 .Fn accept_filt_get
 is used internally to locate which accept filter to use via the
-.Fn setsocketopt
+.Fn setsockopt
 syscall.
 .Pp
 .Fn accept_filt_generic_mod_event

share/man/man9/mac.9

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ The
 MAC Framework was designed by
 .An Robert Watson ,
 and implemented by the Network Associates Laboratories Network Security
-(NETSEC), Secure Execution Environement (SEE), and Adaptive
+(NETSEC), Secure Execution Environment (SEE), and Adaptive
 Network Defense research groups.
 Network Associates Laboratory staff contributing to the CBOSS Project
 include (in alphabetical order):

share/man/man9/mi_switch.9

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The
 function implements the machine independent prelude to a thread context
 switch.
 It is called from only a few distinguished places in the kernel
-code as a result of the principle of non-preemtable kernel mode execution.
+code as a result of the principle of non-preemptable kernel mode execution.
 The various major uses of
 .Nm
 can be enumerated as follows:

share/man/man9/microseq.9

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm microseq
-.Nd ppbus microseqencer developer's guide
+.Nd ppbus microsequencer developer's guide
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In sys/types.h
 .In dev/ppbus/ppbconf.h

share/man/man9/style.9

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ types.
 qualifiers, and
 .Ic typedef Ns -names
 other than the one being declared.)
-Separate these identifers from asterisks using a single space.
+Separate these identifiers from asterisks using a single space.
 .Pp
 When declaring variables in structures, declare them sorted by use, then
 by size, and then in alphabetical order.

usr.bin/getopt/getopt.1

@@ -129,6 +129,6 @@ command to set the arguments without disrupting the value(s) of
 shell options varies from one shell version to another.
 .Pp
 Each shellscript has to carry complex code to parse arguments halfway
-correcty (like the example presented here). A better getopt-like tool
+correctly (like the example presented here). A better getopt-like tool
 would move much of the complexity into the tool and keep the client
 shell scripts simpler.

usr.bin/lex/lex.1

@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ and not in
 while in the first example it's active in both, because in the first
 example the
 .B example
-startion condition is an
+start condition is an
 .I inclusive
 .B (%s)
 start condition.

usr.bin/m4/m4.1

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ The output format of tracing and of
 .Ic dumpdef
 are not specified in any standard,
 are likely to change and should not be relied upon.
-The current format of tracing is closely modelled on GNU-m4,
+The current format of tracing is closely modeled on GNU-m4,
 to allow
 .Nm autoconf
 to work.

usr.bin/mkdep/mkdep.1

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ options consistent with the GNU C compiler.
 .It Ev MKDEP_CPP
 Specifies the preprocessor to use.  The default is "${CC} -E".
 .It Ev MKDEP_CPP_OPTS
-Specifie the non-CFLAGS options for the preprocessor.  The default is
+Specifies the non-CFLAGS options for the preprocessor.  The default is
 "-M".
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO

usr.bin/mklocale/mklocale.1

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ to place comments in the file.
 Following options are available:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Fl d
-Turns on debuging messages.
+Turns on debugging messages.
 .It Fl o
 Specify output file.
 .El

usr.bin/nice/nice.1

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ or a default value of 10.
 The lower the nice value of a process, the higher its scheduling priority.
 .Pp
 The superuser may specify a negative increment in order to run a utility
-with a higher scheduling prority.
+with a higher scheduling priority.
 .Pp
 Some shells may provide a builtin
 .Nm

usr.bin/systat/systat.1

@@ -466,12 +466,12 @@ Display a list of available devices.
 .Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
 .Op | Ar ...
 .Xc
-Display devivces matching the given pattern.  The basic matching
+Display devices matching the given pattern.  The basic matching
 expressions are the same as those used in
 .Xr iostat 8
 with one difference.  Instead of specifying multiple
 .Fl t
-arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifys multiple
+arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
 matching expressions joined by the pipe
 .Pq Ql \&|
 character.

usr.bin/tcopy/tcopy.1

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ command appeared in
 .Sh BUGS
 .Bl -item
 .It
-Writting an image of a tape to a file does not preserve much more than
+Writing an image of a tape to a file does not preserve much more than
 the raw data.
 Block size(s) and tape EOF marks are lost which would
 otherwise be preserved in a tape-to-tape copy.

usr.bin/telnet/telnet.1

@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ The host specification may be either a host name (see
 .Xr hosts  5  ) ,
 an Internet address specified in the \*(Lqdot notation\*(Rq (see
 .Xr inet 3 ) ,
-or IPv6 host name or IPv6 coloned-hexadecimal addreess.
+or IPv6 host name or IPv6 coloned-hexadecimal address.
 The
 .Fl l
 option may be used to specify the user name

usr.bin/time/time.1

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ it.
 Otherwise, this option has no effect.
 .It Fl h
 Print times in a human friendly format.  Times are printed in minutes, hours,
-etc. as appropiate.
+etc. as appropriate.
 .It Fl l
 The contents of the
 .Em rusage

usr.bin/xargs/xargs.1

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ as a logical EOF marker.
 .It Fl I Ar replstr
 Execute
 .Ar utility
-for each input line, replacing one or more occurences of
+for each input line, replacing one or more occurrences of
 .Ar replstr
 in up to
 .Ar replacements

usr.sbin/acpi/amldb/amldb.8

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ the OS.  The information is stored in AML format.
 .Pp
 The AML interpreter can execute any of the Control Methods specified
 by users.  When executed, it interprets the byte sequence in the
-Control Method of DSDT, and disassembles the opecodes that it
+Control Method of DSDT, and disassembles the opcodes that it
 recognizes into ASL
 (ACPI Source Language)
 format to be displayed.
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ characters are necessary for specifying objects which have less than four
 character string.  Unless additional underscores specified, matching
 occurs as the beginning of word with the specified number of characters.
 .It Cm h
-.Em Show help messsage :
+.Em Show help message :
 Displays the command summary of
 .Nm .
 .El

usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ the user's full name.
 Additionally, it may contain a comma separated
 list of values such as office number and work and home phones.
 If the
-name contains an amperstand it will be replaced by the capitalized
+name contains an ampersand it will be replaced by the capitalized
 login name when displayed by other programs.
 The
 .Ql \&:
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ argument may have one of the following values:
 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm random"
 .It Cm no
 Disable the password.
-Instead of an encrypted string, the passowrd field will contain a single
+Instead of an encrypted string, the password field will contain a single
 .Ql *
 character.
 The user may not log in until the super-user
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ option is used with a
 or
 .Cm none
 argument.
-Be carefull not to terminate this field with a closing
+Be careful not to terminate this field with a closing
 .Ql \&:
 because it will be treated as part of the password.
 .El
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ each line of the message file.
 This means that shell commands can also be embedded in the message file.
 The
 .Nm
-utility attemps to mitigate the possibility of an attacker using this
+utility attempts to mitigate the possibility of an attacker using this
 feature by refusing to evaluate the file if it is not owned and writeable
 only by the root user.
 In addition, shell special characters and operators will have to be

usr.sbin/adduser/rmuser.8

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ prompts on whether to remove the specified user and whether to remove
 the home directory.
 This option requires that either the
 .Fl f
-option be used, or one or more user names be given as commmand line
+option be used, or one or more user names be given as command line
 arguments.
 .It Ar username
 Identifies one or more users to be removed; if not present,

usr.sbin/ancontrol/ancontrol.8

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ the factory default.
 Set the radio frequency of a given interface.
 The
 .Ar frequency
-should be specfied as a channel ID as shown in the table below.
+should be specified as a channel ID as shown in the table below.
 The
 list of available frequencies is dependent on radio regulations specified
 by regional authorities.
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ The default is 2312.
 .It Fl i Ar iface Fl r Ar RTS_threshold
 Set the RTS/CTS threshold for a given interface.
 This controls the
-number of bytes used for the RTS/CTS handhake boundary.
+number of bytes used for the RTS/CTS handshake boundary.
 The
 .Ar RTS_threshold
 can be any value between 0 and 2312.
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ secure than using
 authentication when WEP is enabled.
 .Pp
 Devices may alternate among all of the configured WEP keys when
-tranmitting packets.
+transmitting packets.
 Therefore, all configured keys (up to four) must agree.
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 .Bd -literal -offset indent

usr.sbin/apmd/apmd.8

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Other events will not be sent to
 .It
 command line syntax
 .Bd -ragged -offset indent
-In the example above, the three lines begining with
+In the example above, the three lines beginning with
 .Ql exec
 are commands for the event.
 Each line should be terminated with a semicolon.

usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.5

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ leading or trailing blanks.
 The
 .Em name
 string may also be placed in quote (single or double, but matching)
-to preserve leading, traling or inner blanks.
+to preserve leading, trailing or inner blanks.
 .Pp
 Several environment variables are set up
 automatically by the

usr.sbin/fdcontrol/fdcontrol.8

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Possible values are:
 .Dq Li 2.88M ,
 or
 .Dq Li unknown .
-This information is primarily intented to be easily parsable by
+This information is primarily intended to be easily parsable by
 scripts.
 .Pp
 In order to add some descriptive text that makes the output better

usr.sbin/gifconfig/gifconfig.8

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 The
 .Nm
 utility configures the physical address for the generic IP tunnel
-inteface, such as "gif0".
+interface, such as "gif0".
 Argument
 .Ar physsrc
 and

usr.sbin/i4b/dtmfdecode/dtmfdecode.1

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to detect DTMF tones in the
 audio stream.
 .Pp
 It reads audio G.711 A-Law coded data from stdin and outputs the detected
-numbers values as ASCII charcters to stdout.
+numbers values as ASCII characters to stdout.
 .Pp
 The detector is implemented as 8 narrow band-pass filters realized with
 an integer double-cross recursive algorithm.  Various ad-hoc methods are

usr.sbin/i4b/isdntrace/isdntrace.8

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ print layer 1 (I.430) INFO signals to monitor layer 1 activity (default off).
 switch displaying of Layer 2 (Q.921) frames off (default on).
 .It Fl n
 This option takes a numeric argument specifying the minimum
-frame size in octetts a frame must have to be displayed. (default 0)
+frame size in octets a frame must have to be displayed. (default 0)
 .It Fl o
 switch off writing trace output to a file (default on).
 .It Fl p