OpenZFS restructuring - ARC memory pressure

Factor Linux specific memory pressure handling out of ARC.  Each
platform will have different available interfaces for managing memory
pressure.

Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@ixsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes #9472

include/sys/arc_impl.h

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/arc.h>
 #include <sys/zio_crypt.h>
+#include <sys/zthr.h>
+#include <sys/aggsum.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -554,6 +556,62 @@ typedef struct arc_stats {
 	kstat_named_t arcstat_raw_size;
 } arc_stats_t;
 
+typedef enum free_memory_reason_t {
+	FMR_UNKNOWN,
+	FMR_NEEDFREE,
+	FMR_LOTSFREE,
+	FMR_SWAPFS_MINFREE,
+	FMR_PAGES_PP_MAXIMUM,
+	FMR_HEAP_ARENA,
+	FMR_ZIO_ARENA,
+} free_memory_reason_t;
+
+#define	ARCSTAT(stat)	(arc_stats.stat.value.ui64)
+
+#define	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, val) \
+	atomic_add_64(&arc_stats.stat.value.ui64, (val))
+
+#define	ARCSTAT_BUMP(stat)	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, 1)
+#define	ARCSTAT_BUMPDOWN(stat)	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, -1)
+
+#define	arc_no_grow	ARCSTAT(arcstat_no_grow) /* do not grow cache size */
+#define	arc_p		ARCSTAT(arcstat_p)	/* target size of MRU */
+#define	arc_c		ARCSTAT(arcstat_c)	/* target size of cache */
+#define	arc_c_min	ARCSTAT(arcstat_c_min)	/* min target cache size */
+#define	arc_c_max	ARCSTAT(arcstat_c_max)	/* max target cache size */
+#define	arc_sys_free	ARCSTAT(arcstat_sys_free) /* target system free bytes */
+#define	arc_need_free	ARCSTAT(arcstat_need_free) /* bytes to be freed */
+
+extern int arc_zio_arena_free_shift;
+extern taskq_t *arc_prune_taskq;
+extern arc_stats_t arc_stats;
+extern hrtime_t arc_growtime;
+extern boolean_t arc_warm;
+extern int arc_grow_retry;
+extern int arc_shrink_shift;
+extern zthr_t		*arc_adjust_zthr;
+extern kmutex_t		arc_adjust_lock;
+extern kcondvar_t	arc_adjust_waiters_cv;
+extern boolean_t	arc_adjust_needed;
+extern kmutex_t arc_prune_mtx;
+extern list_t arc_prune_list;
+extern aggsum_t arc_size;
+extern arc_state_t	*arc_mfu;
+extern arc_state_t	*arc_mru;
+extern uint_t zfs_arc_pc_percent;
+extern int arc_lotsfree_percent;
+
+extern void arc_reduce_target_size(int64_t to_free);
+extern boolean_t arc_reclaim_needed(void);
+extern void arc_kmem_reap_soon(void);
+
+extern void arc_lowmem_init(void);
+extern void arc_lowmem_fini(void);
+extern void arc_prune_async(int64_t);
+extern int arc_memory_throttle(spa_t *spa, uint64_t reserve, uint64_t txg);
+extern uint64_t arc_free_memory(void);
+extern int64_t arc_available_memory(void);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

lib/libzpool/Makefile.am

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ KERNEL_C = \
 	abd.c \
 	aggsum.c \
 	arc.c \
+	arc_os.c \
 	blkptr.c \
 	bplist.c \
 	bpobj.c \

module/os/linux/zfs/Makefile.in

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ endif
 ccflags-y += -I@abs_top_srcdir@/module/os/linux/zfs
 
 $(MODULE)-objs += ../os/linux/zfs/abd.o
+$(MODULE)-objs += ../os/linux/zfs/arc_os.o
 $(MODULE)-objs += ../os/linux/zfs/mmp_os.o
 $(MODULE)-objs += ../os/linux/zfs/policy.o
 $(MODULE)-objs += ../os/linux/zfs/trace.o

module/os/linux/zfs/arc_os.c

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+/*
+ * CDDL HEADER START
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
+ * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
+ * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
+ * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
+ * and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
+ * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
+ * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
+ * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
+ * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+ *
+ * CDDL HEADER END
+ */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, Joyent, Inc.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, 2019 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 by Saso Kiselkov. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/spa.h>
+#include <sys/zio.h>
+#include <sys/spa_impl.h>
+#include <sys/zio_compress.h>
+#include <sys/zio_checksum.h>
+#include <sys/zfs_context.h>
+#include <sys/arc.h>
+#include <sys/refcount.h>
+#include <sys/vdev.h>
+#include <sys/vdev_trim.h>
+#include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
+#include <sys/dsl_pool.h>
+#include <sys/zio_checksum.h>
+#include <sys/multilist.h>
+#include <sys/abd.h>
+#include <sys/zil.h>
+#include <sys/fm/fs/zfs.h>
+#ifdef _KERNEL
+#include <sys/shrinker.h>
+#include <sys/vmsystm.h>
+#include <sys/zpl.h>
+#include <linux/page_compat.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/callb.h>
+#include <sys/kstat.h>
+#include <sys/zthr.h>
+#include <zfs_fletcher.h>
+#include <sys/arc_impl.h>
+#include <sys/trace_defs.h>
+#include <sys/aggsum.h>
+
+int64_t last_free_memory;
+free_memory_reason_t last_free_reason;
+
+#ifdef _KERNEL
+/*
+ * Return maximum amount of memory that we could possibly use.  Reduced
+ * to half of all memory in user space which is primarily used for testing.
+ */
+uint64_t
+arc_all_memory(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
+	return (ptob(zfs_totalram_pages - zfs_totalhigh_pages));
+#else
+	return (ptob(zfs_totalram_pages));
+#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the amount of memory that is considered free.  In user space
+ * which is primarily used for testing we pretend that free memory ranges
+ * from 0-20% of all memory.
+ */
+uint64_t
+arc_free_memory(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
+	struct sysinfo si;
+	si_meminfo(&si);
+	return (ptob(si.freeram - si.freehigh));
+#else
+	return (ptob(nr_free_pages() +
+	    nr_inactive_file_pages() +
+	    nr_inactive_anon_pages() +
+	    nr_slab_reclaimable_pages()));
+#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Additional reserve of pages for pp_reserve.
+ */
+int64_t arc_pages_pp_reserve = 64;
+
+/*
+ * Additional reserve of pages for swapfs.
+ */
+int64_t arc_swapfs_reserve = 64;
+
+/*
+ * Return the amount of memory that can be consumed before reclaim will be
+ * needed.  Positive if there is sufficient free memory, negative indicates
+ * the amount of memory that needs to be freed up.
+ */
+int64_t
+arc_available_memory(void)
+{
+	int64_t lowest = INT64_MAX;
+	free_memory_reason_t r = FMR_UNKNOWN;
+	int64_t n;
+#ifdef freemem
+#undef freemem
+#endif
+	pgcnt_t needfree = btop(arc_need_free);
+	pgcnt_t lotsfree = btop(arc_sys_free);
+	pgcnt_t desfree = 0;
+	pgcnt_t freemem = btop(arc_free_memory());
+
+	if (needfree > 0) {
+		n = PAGESIZE * (-needfree);
+		if (n < lowest) {
+			lowest = n;
+			r = FMR_NEEDFREE;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * check that we're out of range of the pageout scanner.  It starts to
+	 * schedule paging if freemem is less than lotsfree and needfree.
+	 * lotsfree is the high-water mark for pageout, and needfree is the
+	 * number of needed free pages.  We add extra pages here to make sure
+	 * the scanner doesn't start up while we're freeing memory.
+	 */
+	n = PAGESIZE * (freemem - lotsfree - needfree - desfree);
+	if (n < lowest) {
+		lowest = n;
+		r = FMR_LOTSFREE;
+	}
+
+#if defined(_ILP32)
+	/*
+	 * If we're on a 32-bit platform, it's possible that we'll exhaust the
+	 * kernel heap space before we ever run out of available physical
+	 * memory.  Most checks of the size of the heap_area compare against
+	 * tune.t_minarmem, which is the minimum available real memory that we
+	 * can have in the system.  However, this is generally fixed at 25 pages
+	 * which is so low that it's useless.  In this comparison, we seek to
+	 * calculate the total heap-size, and reclaim if more than 3/4ths of the
+	 * heap is allocated.  (Or, in the calculation, if less than 1/4th is
+	 * free)
+	 */
+	n = vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE) -
+	    (vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE | VMEM_ALLOC) >> 2);
+	if (n < lowest) {
+		lowest = n;
+		r = FMR_HEAP_ARENA;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * If zio data pages are being allocated out of a separate heap segment,
+	 * then enforce that the size of available vmem for this arena remains
+	 * above about 1/4th (1/(2^arc_zio_arena_free_shift)) free.
+	 *
+	 * Note that reducing the arc_zio_arena_free_shift keeps more virtual
+	 * memory (in the zio_arena) free, which can avoid memory
+	 * fragmentation issues.
+	 */
+	if (zio_arena != NULL) {
+		n = (int64_t)vmem_size(zio_arena, VMEM_FREE) -
+		    (vmem_size(zio_arena, VMEM_ALLOC) >>
+		    arc_zio_arena_free_shift);
+		if (n < lowest) {
+			lowest = n;
+			r = FMR_ZIO_ARENA;
+		}
+	}
+
+	last_free_memory = lowest;
+	last_free_reason = r;
+
+	return (lowest);
+}
+
+static uint64_t
+arc_evictable_memory(void)
+{
+	int64_t asize = aggsum_value(&arc_size);
+	uint64_t arc_clean =
+	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mru->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_DATA]) +
+	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mru->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_METADATA]) +
+	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mfu->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_DATA]) +
+	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mfu->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_METADATA]);
+	uint64_t arc_dirty = MAX((int64_t)asize - (int64_t)arc_clean, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Scale reported evictable memory in proportion to page cache, cap
+	 * at specified min/max.
+	 */
+	uint64_t min = (ptob(nr_file_pages()) / 100) * zfs_arc_pc_percent;
+	min = MAX(arc_c_min, MIN(arc_c_max, min));
+
+	if (arc_dirty >= min)
+		return (arc_clean);
+
+	return (MAX((int64_t)asize - (int64_t)min, 0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * If sc->nr_to_scan is zero, the caller is requesting a query of the
+ * number of objects which can potentially be freed.  If it is nonzero,
+ * the request is to free that many objects.
+ *
+ * Linux kernels >= 3.12 have the count_objects and scan_objects callbacks
+ * in struct shrinker and also require the shrinker to return the number
+ * of objects freed.
+ *
+ * Older kernels require the shrinker to return the number of freeable
+ * objects following the freeing of nr_to_free.
+ */
+static spl_shrinker_t
+__arc_shrinker_func(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+	int64_t pages;
+
+	/* The arc is considered warm once reclaim has occurred */
+	if (unlikely(arc_warm == B_FALSE))
+		arc_warm = B_TRUE;
+
+	/* Return the potential number of reclaimable pages */
+	pages = btop((int64_t)arc_evictable_memory());
+	if (sc->nr_to_scan == 0)
+		return (pages);
+
+	/* Not allowed to perform filesystem reclaim */
+	if (!(sc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+		return (SHRINK_STOP);
+
+	/* Reclaim in progress */
+	if (mutex_tryenter(&arc_adjust_lock) == 0) {
+		ARCSTAT_INCR(arcstat_need_free, ptob(sc->nr_to_scan));
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	mutex_exit(&arc_adjust_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Evict the requested number of pages by shrinking arc_c the
+	 * requested amount.
+	 */
+	if (pages > 0) {
+		arc_reduce_target_size(ptob(sc->nr_to_scan));
+		if (current_is_kswapd())
+			arc_kmem_reap_soon();
+#ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_SHRINKER_CALLBACK
+		pages = MAX((int64_t)pages -
+		    (int64_t)btop(arc_evictable_memory()), 0);
+#else
+		pages = btop(arc_evictable_memory());
+#endif
+		/*
+		 * We've shrunk what we can, wake up threads.
+		 */
+		cv_broadcast(&arc_adjust_waiters_cv);
+	} else
+		pages = SHRINK_STOP;
+
+	/*
+	 * When direct reclaim is observed it usually indicates a rapid
+	 * increase in memory pressure.  This occurs because the kswapd
+	 * threads were unable to asynchronously keep enough free memory
+	 * available.  In this case set arc_no_grow to briefly pause arc
+	 * growth to avoid compounding the memory pressure.
+	 */
+	if (current_is_kswapd()) {
+		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_memory_indirect_count);
+	} else {
+		arc_no_grow = B_TRUE;
+		arc_kmem_reap_soon();
+		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_memory_direct_count);
+	}
+
+	return (pages);
+}
+SPL_SHRINKER_CALLBACK_WRAPPER(arc_shrinker_func);
+
+SPL_SHRINKER_DECLARE(arc_shrinker, arc_shrinker_func, DEFAULT_SEEKS);
+
+int
+arc_memory_throttle(spa_t *spa, uint64_t reserve, uint64_t txg)
+{
+	uint64_t available_memory = arc_free_memory();
+
+#if defined(_ILP32)
+	available_memory =
+	    MIN(available_memory, vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE));
+#endif
+
+	if (available_memory > arc_all_memory() * arc_lotsfree_percent / 100)
+		return (0);
+
+	if (txg > spa->spa_lowmem_last_txg) {
+		spa->spa_lowmem_last_txg = txg;
+		spa->spa_lowmem_page_load = 0;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If we are in pageout, we know that memory is already tight,
+	 * the arc is already going to be evicting, so we just want to
+	 * continue to let page writes occur as quickly as possible.
+	 */
+	if (current_is_kswapd()) {
+		if (spa->spa_lowmem_page_load >
+		    MAX(arc_sys_free / 4, available_memory) / 4) {
+			DMU_TX_STAT_BUMP(dmu_tx_memory_reclaim);
+			return (SET_ERROR(ERESTART));
+		}
+		/* Note: reserve is inflated, so we deflate */
+		atomic_add_64(&spa->spa_lowmem_page_load, reserve / 8);
+		return (0);
+	} else if (spa->spa_lowmem_page_load > 0 && arc_reclaim_needed()) {
+		/* memory is low, delay before restarting */
+		ARCSTAT_INCR(arcstat_memory_throttle_count, 1);
+		DMU_TX_STAT_BUMP(dmu_tx_memory_reclaim);
+		return (SET_ERROR(EAGAIN));
+	}
+	spa->spa_lowmem_page_load = 0;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+void
+arc_lowmem_init(void)
+{
+	uint64_t allmem = arc_all_memory();
+
+	/*
+	 * Register a shrinker to support synchronous (direct) memory
+	 * reclaim from the arc.  This is done to prevent kswapd from
+	 * swapping out pages when it is preferable to shrink the arc.
+	 */
+	spl_register_shrinker(&arc_shrinker);
+
+	/* Set to 1/64 of all memory or a minimum of 512K */
+	arc_sys_free = MAX(allmem / 64, (512 * 1024));
+	arc_need_free = 0;
+}
+
+void
+arc_lowmem_fini(void)
+{
+	spl_unregister_shrinker(&arc_shrinker);
+}
+#else /* _KERNEL */
+int64_t
+arc_available_memory(void)
+{
+	int64_t lowest = INT64_MAX;
+	free_memory_reason_t r = FMR_UNKNOWN;
+
+	/* Every 100 calls, free a small amount */
+	if (spa_get_random(100) == 0)
+		lowest = -1024;
+
+	last_free_memory = lowest;
+	last_free_reason = r;
+
+	return (lowest);
+}
+
+int
+arc_memory_throttle(spa_t *spa, uint64_t reserve, uint64_t txg)
+{
+	return (0);
+}
+
+uint64_t
+arc_all_memory(void)
+{
+	return (ptob(physmem) / 2);
+}
+
+uint64_t
+arc_free_memory(void)
+{
+	return (spa_get_random(arc_all_memory() * 20 / 100));
+}
+#endif /* _KERNEL */
+
+/*
+ * Helper function for arc_prune_async() it is responsible for safely
+ * handling the execution of a registered arc_prune_func_t.
+ */
+static void
+arc_prune_task(void *ptr)
+{
+	arc_prune_t *ap = (arc_prune_t *)ptr;
+	arc_prune_func_t *func = ap->p_pfunc;
+
+	if (func != NULL)
+		func(ap->p_adjust, ap->p_private);
+
+	zfs_refcount_remove(&ap->p_refcnt, func);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Notify registered consumers they must drop holds on a portion of the ARC
+ * buffered they reference.  This provides a mechanism to ensure the ARC can
+ * honor the arc_meta_limit and reclaim otherwise pinned ARC buffers.  This
+ * is analogous to dnlc_reduce_cache() but more generic.
+ *
+ * This operation is performed asynchronously so it may be safely called
+ * in the context of the arc_reclaim_thread().  A reference is taken here
+ * for each registered arc_prune_t and the arc_prune_task() is responsible
+ * for releasing it once the registered arc_prune_func_t has completed.
+ */
+void
+arc_prune_async(int64_t adjust)
+{
+	arc_prune_t *ap;
+
+	mutex_enter(&arc_prune_mtx);
+	for (ap = list_head(&arc_prune_list); ap != NULL;
+	    ap = list_next(&arc_prune_list, ap)) {
+
+		if (zfs_refcount_count(&ap->p_refcnt) >= 2)
+			continue;
+
+		zfs_refcount_add(&ap->p_refcnt, ap->p_pfunc);
+		ap->p_adjust = adjust;
+		if (taskq_dispatch(arc_prune_taskq, arc_prune_task,
+		    ap, TQ_SLEEP) == TASKQID_INVALID) {
+			zfs_refcount_remove(&ap->p_refcnt, ap->p_pfunc);
+			continue;
+		}
+		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_prune);
+	}
+	mutex_exit(&arc_prune_mtx);
+}

module/zfs/arc.c

@@ -291,12 +291,6 @@
 #include <sys/abd.h>
 #include <sys/zil.h>
 #include <sys/fm/fs/zfs.h>
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-#include <sys/shrinker.h>
-#include <sys/vmsystm.h>
-#include <sys/zpl.h>
-#include <linux/page_compat.h>
-#endif
 #include <sys/callb.h>
 #include <sys/kstat.h>
 #include <sys/zthr.h>
@@ -322,11 +316,11 @@ static zthr_t		*arc_reap_zthr;
  * This thread's job is to keep arc_size under arc_c, by calling
  * arc_adjust(), which improves arc_is_overflowing().
  */
-static zthr_t		*arc_adjust_zthr;
+zthr_t		*arc_adjust_zthr;
 
-static kmutex_t		arc_adjust_lock;
+kmutex_t		arc_adjust_lock;
-static kcondvar_t	arc_adjust_waiters_cv;
+kcondvar_t	arc_adjust_waiters_cv;
-static boolean_t	arc_adjust_needed = B_FALSE;
+boolean_t	arc_adjust_needed = B_FALSE;
 
 /*
  * The number of headers to evict in arc_evict_state_impl() before
@@ -338,7 +332,7 @@ static boolean_t	arc_adjust_needed = B_FALSE;
 int zfs_arc_evict_batch_limit = 10;
 
 /* number of seconds before growing cache again */
-static int arc_grow_retry = 5;
+int arc_grow_retry = 5;
 
 /*
  * Minimum time between calls to arc_kmem_reap_soon().
@@ -352,11 +346,11 @@ int zfs_arc_overflow_shift = 8;
 int arc_p_min_shift = 4;
 
 /* log2(fraction of arc to reclaim) */
-static int arc_shrink_shift = 7;
+int arc_shrink_shift = 7;
 
 /* percent of pagecache to reclaim arc to */
 #ifdef _KERNEL
-static uint_t zfs_arc_pc_percent = 0;
+uint_t zfs_arc_pc_percent = 0;
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -391,7 +385,7 @@ static boolean_t arc_initialized;
 /*
  * The arc has filled available memory and has now warmed up.
  */
-static boolean_t arc_warm;
+boolean_t arc_warm;
 
 /*
  * log2 fraction of the zio arena to keep free.
@@ -455,7 +449,7 @@ arc_state_t ARC_mfu;
 arc_state_t ARC_mfu_ghost;
 arc_state_t ARC_l2c_only;
 
-static arc_stats_t arc_stats = {
+arc_stats_t arc_stats = {
 	{ "hits",			KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
 	{ "misses",			KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
 	{ "demand_data_hits",		KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
@@ -556,14 +550,6 @@ static arc_stats_t arc_stats = {
 	{ "arc_raw_size",		KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 }
 };
 
-#define	ARCSTAT(stat)	(arc_stats.stat.value.ui64)
-
-#define	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, val) \
-	atomic_add_64(&arc_stats.stat.value.ui64, (val))
-
-#define	ARCSTAT_BUMP(stat)	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, 1)
-#define	ARCSTAT_BUMPDOWN(stat)	ARCSTAT_INCR(stat, -1)
-
 #define	ARCSTAT_MAX(stat, val) {					\
 	uint64_t m;							\
 	while ((val) > (m = arc_stats.stat.value.ui64) &&		\
@@ -596,12 +582,13 @@ static arc_stats_t arc_stats = {
 
 kstat_t			*arc_ksp;
 static arc_state_t	*arc_anon;
-static arc_state_t	*arc_mru;
 static arc_state_t	*arc_mru_ghost;
-static arc_state_t	*arc_mfu;
 static arc_state_t	*arc_mfu_ghost;
 static arc_state_t	*arc_l2c_only;
 
+arc_state_t	*arc_mru;
+arc_state_t	*arc_mfu;
+
 /*
  * There are several ARC variables that are critical to export as kstats --
  * but we don't want to have to grovel around in the kstat whenever we wish to
@@ -610,11 +597,6 @@ static arc_state_t	*arc_l2c_only;
  * the possibility of inconsistency by having shadow copies of the variables,
  * while still allowing the code to be readable.
  */
-#define	arc_p		ARCSTAT(arcstat_p)	/* target size of MRU */
-#define	arc_c		ARCSTAT(arcstat_c)	/* target size of cache */
-#define	arc_c_min	ARCSTAT(arcstat_c_min)	/* min target cache size */
-#define	arc_c_max	ARCSTAT(arcstat_c_max)	/* max target cache size */
-#define	arc_no_grow	ARCSTAT(arcstat_no_grow) /* do not grow cache size */
 #define	arc_tempreserve	ARCSTAT(arcstat_tempreserve)
 #define	arc_loaned_bytes	ARCSTAT(arcstat_loaned_bytes)
 #define	arc_meta_limit	ARCSTAT(arcstat_meta_limit) /* max size for metadata */
@@ -622,8 +604,6 @@ static arc_state_t	*arc_l2c_only;
 #define	arc_dnode_size_limit	ARCSTAT(arcstat_dnode_limit)
 #define	arc_meta_min	ARCSTAT(arcstat_meta_min) /* min size for metadata */
 #define	arc_meta_max	ARCSTAT(arcstat_meta_max) /* max size of metadata */
-#define	arc_need_free	ARCSTAT(arcstat_need_free) /* bytes to be freed */
-#define	arc_sys_free	ARCSTAT(arcstat_sys_free) /* target system free bytes */
 
 /* size of all b_rabd's in entire arc */
 #define	arc_raw_size	ARCSTAT(arcstat_raw_size)
@@ -652,10 +632,10 @@ aggsum_t astat_bonus_size;
 aggsum_t astat_hdr_size;
 aggsum_t astat_l2_hdr_size;
 
-static hrtime_t arc_growtime;
+hrtime_t arc_growtime;
-static list_t arc_prune_list;
+list_t arc_prune_list;
-static kmutex_t arc_prune_mtx;
+kmutex_t arc_prune_mtx;
-static taskq_t *arc_prune_taskq;
+taskq_t *arc_prune_taskq;
 
 #define	GHOST_STATE(state)	\
 	((state) == arc_mru_ghost || (state) == arc_mfu_ghost ||	\
@@ -835,7 +815,6 @@ static void arc_access(arc_buf_hdr_t *, kmutex_t *);
 static boolean_t arc_is_overflowing(void);
 static void arc_buf_watch(arc_buf_t *);
 static void arc_tuning_update(void);
-static void arc_prune_async(int64_t);
 
 static arc_buf_contents_t arc_buf_type(arc_buf_hdr_t *);
 static uint32_t arc_bufc_to_flags(arc_buf_contents_t);
@@ -4042,57 +4021,6 @@ arc_flush_state(arc_state_t *state, uint64_t spa, arc_buf_contents_t type,
 	return (evicted);
 }
 
-/*
- * Helper function for arc_prune_async() it is responsible for safely
- * handling the execution of a registered arc_prune_func_t.
- */
-static void
-arc_prune_task(void *ptr)
-{
-	arc_prune_t *ap = (arc_prune_t *)ptr;
-	arc_prune_func_t *func = ap->p_pfunc;
-
-	if (func != NULL)
-		func(ap->p_adjust, ap->p_private);
-
-	zfs_refcount_remove(&ap->p_refcnt, func);
-}
-
-/*
- * Notify registered consumers they must drop holds on a portion of the ARC
- * buffered they reference.  This provides a mechanism to ensure the ARC can
- * honor the arc_meta_limit and reclaim otherwise pinned ARC buffers.  This
- * is analogous to dnlc_reduce_cache() but more generic.
- *
- * This operation is performed asynchronously so it may be safely called
- * in the context of the arc_reclaim_thread().  A reference is taken here
- * for each registered arc_prune_t and the arc_prune_task() is responsible
- * for releasing it once the registered arc_prune_func_t has completed.
- */
-static void
-arc_prune_async(int64_t adjust)
-{
-	arc_prune_t *ap;
-
-	mutex_enter(&arc_prune_mtx);
-	for (ap = list_head(&arc_prune_list); ap != NULL;
-	    ap = list_next(&arc_prune_list, ap)) {
-
-		if (zfs_refcount_count(&ap->p_refcnt) >= 2)
-			continue;
-
-		zfs_refcount_add(&ap->p_refcnt, ap->p_pfunc);
-		ap->p_adjust = adjust;
-		if (taskq_dispatch(arc_prune_taskq, arc_prune_task,
-		    ap, TQ_SLEEP) == TASKQID_INVALID) {
-			zfs_refcount_remove(&ap->p_refcnt, ap->p_pfunc);
-			continue;
-		}
-		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_prune);
-	}
-	mutex_exit(&arc_prune_mtx);
-}
-
 /*
  * Evict the specified number of bytes from the state specified,
  * restricting eviction to the spa and type given. This function
@@ -4524,7 +4452,7 @@ arc_flush(spa_t *spa, boolean_t retry)
 	(void) arc_flush_state(arc_mfu_ghost, guid, ARC_BUFC_METADATA, retry);
 }
 
-static void
+void
 arc_reduce_target_size(int64_t to_free)
 {
 	uint64_t asize = aggsum_value(&arc_size);
@@ -4549,209 +4477,19 @@ arc_reduce_target_size(int64_t to_free)
 		zthr_wakeup(arc_adjust_zthr);
 	}
 }
-/*
- * Return maximum amount of memory that we could possibly use.  Reduced
- * to half of all memory in user space which is primarily used for testing.
- */
-uint64_t
-arc_all_memory(void)
-{
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
-	return (ptob(zfs_totalram_pages - zfs_totalhigh_pages));
-#else
-	return (ptob(zfs_totalram_pages));
-#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
-#else
-	return (ptob(physmem) / 2);
-#endif /* _KERNEL */
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the amount of memory that is considered free.  In user space
- * which is primarily used for testing we pretend that free memory ranges
- * from 0-20% of all memory.
- */
-static uint64_t
-arc_free_memory(void)
-{
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
-	struct sysinfo si;
-	si_meminfo(&si);
-	return (ptob(si.freeram - si.freehigh));
-#else
-	return (ptob(nr_free_pages() +
-	    nr_inactive_file_pages() +
-	    nr_inactive_anon_pages() +
-	    nr_slab_reclaimable_pages()));
-
-#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
-#else
-	return (spa_get_random(arc_all_memory() * 20 / 100));
-#endif /* _KERNEL */
-}
-
-typedef enum free_memory_reason_t {
-	FMR_UNKNOWN,
-	FMR_NEEDFREE,
-	FMR_LOTSFREE,
-	FMR_SWAPFS_MINFREE,
-	FMR_PAGES_PP_MAXIMUM,
-	FMR_HEAP_ARENA,
-	FMR_ZIO_ARENA,
-} free_memory_reason_t;
-
-int64_t last_free_memory;
-free_memory_reason_t last_free_reason;
-
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-/*
- * Additional reserve of pages for pp_reserve.
- */
-int64_t arc_pages_pp_reserve = 64;
-
-/*
- * Additional reserve of pages for swapfs.
- */
-int64_t arc_swapfs_reserve = 64;
-#endif /* _KERNEL */
-
-/*
- * Return the amount of memory that can be consumed before reclaim will be
- * needed.  Positive if there is sufficient free memory, negative indicates
- * the amount of memory that needs to be freed up.
- */
-static int64_t
-arc_available_memory(void)
-{
-	int64_t lowest = INT64_MAX;
-	free_memory_reason_t r = FMR_UNKNOWN;
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-	int64_t n;
-#ifdef __linux__
-#ifdef freemem
-#undef freemem
-#endif
-	pgcnt_t needfree = btop(arc_need_free);
-	pgcnt_t lotsfree = btop(arc_sys_free);
-	pgcnt_t desfree = 0;
-	pgcnt_t freemem = btop(arc_free_memory());
-#endif
-
-	if (needfree > 0) {
-		n = PAGESIZE * (-needfree);
-		if (n < lowest) {
-			lowest = n;
-			r = FMR_NEEDFREE;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * check that we're out of range of the pageout scanner.  It starts to
-	 * schedule paging if freemem is less than lotsfree and needfree.
-	 * lotsfree is the high-water mark for pageout, and needfree is the
-	 * number of needed free pages.  We add extra pages here to make sure
-	 * the scanner doesn't start up while we're freeing memory.
-	 */
-	n = PAGESIZE * (freemem - lotsfree - needfree - desfree);
-	if (n < lowest) {
-		lowest = n;
-		r = FMR_LOTSFREE;
-	}
-
-#ifndef __linux__
-	/*
-	 * check to make sure that swapfs has enough space so that anon
-	 * reservations can still succeed. anon_resvmem() checks that the
-	 * availrmem is greater than swapfs_minfree, and the number of reserved
-	 * swap pages.  We also add a bit of extra here just to prevent
-	 * circumstances from getting really dire.
-	 */
-	n = PAGESIZE * (availrmem - swapfs_minfree - swapfs_reserve -
-	    desfree - arc_swapfs_reserve);
-	if (n < lowest) {
-		lowest = n;
-		r = FMR_SWAPFS_MINFREE;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Check that we have enough availrmem that memory locking (e.g., via
-	 * mlock(3C) or memcntl(2)) can still succeed.  (pages_pp_maximum
-	 * stores the number of pages that cannot be locked; when availrmem
-	 * drops below pages_pp_maximum, page locking mechanisms such as
-	 * page_pp_lock() will fail.)
-	 */
-	n = PAGESIZE * (availrmem - pages_pp_maximum -
-	    arc_pages_pp_reserve);
-	if (n < lowest) {
-		lowest = n;
-		r = FMR_PAGES_PP_MAXIMUM;
-	}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_ILP32)
-	/*
-	 * If we're on a 32-bit platform, it's possible that we'll exhaust the
-	 * kernel heap space before we ever run out of available physical
-	 * memory.  Most checks of the size of the heap_area compare against
-	 * tune.t_minarmem, which is the minimum available real memory that we
-	 * can have in the system.  However, this is generally fixed at 25 pages
-	 * which is so low that it's useless.  In this comparison, we seek to
-	 * calculate the total heap-size, and reclaim if more than 3/4ths of the
-	 * heap is allocated.  (Or, in the calculation, if less than 1/4th is
-	 * free)
-	 */
-	n = vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE) -
-	    (vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE | VMEM_ALLOC) >> 2);
-	if (n < lowest) {
-		lowest = n;
-		r = FMR_HEAP_ARENA;
-	}
-#endif
-
-	/*
-	 * If zio data pages are being allocated out of a separate heap segment,
-	 * then enforce that the size of available vmem for this arena remains
-	 * above about 1/4th (1/(2^arc_zio_arena_free_shift)) free.
-	 *
-	 * Note that reducing the arc_zio_arena_free_shift keeps more virtual
-	 * memory (in the zio_arena) free, which can avoid memory
-	 * fragmentation issues.
-	 */
-	if (zio_arena != NULL) {
-		n = (int64_t)vmem_size(zio_arena, VMEM_FREE) -
-		    (vmem_size(zio_arena, VMEM_ALLOC) >>
-		    arc_zio_arena_free_shift);
-		if (n < lowest) {
-			lowest = n;
-			r = FMR_ZIO_ARENA;
-		}
-	}
-#else /* _KERNEL */
-	/* Every 100 calls, free a small amount */
-	if (spa_get_random(100) == 0)
-		lowest = -1024;
-#endif /* _KERNEL */
-
-	last_free_memory = lowest;
-	last_free_reason = r;
-
-	return (lowest);
-}
 
 /*
  * Determine if the system is under memory pressure and is asking
  * to reclaim memory. A return value of B_TRUE indicates that the system
  * is under memory pressure and that the arc should adjust accordingly.
  */
-static boolean_t
+boolean_t
 arc_reclaim_needed(void)
 {
 	return (arc_available_memory() < 0);
 }
 
-static void
+void
 arc_kmem_reap_soon(void)
 {
 	size_t			i;
@@ -5027,109 +4765,7 @@ arc_reap_cb(void *arg, zthr_t *zthr)
  *         already below arc_c_min, evicting any more would only
  *         increase this negative difference.
  */
-static uint64_t
-arc_evictable_memory(void)
-{
-	int64_t asize = aggsum_value(&arc_size);
-	uint64_t arc_clean =
-	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mru->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_DATA]) +
-	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mru->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_METADATA]) +
-	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mfu->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_DATA]) +
-	    zfs_refcount_count(&arc_mfu->arcs_esize[ARC_BUFC_METADATA]);
-	uint64_t arc_dirty = MAX((int64_t)asize - (int64_t)arc_clean, 0);
 
-	/*
-	 * Scale reported evictable memory in proportion to page cache, cap
-	 * at specified min/max.
-	 */
-	uint64_t min = (ptob(nr_file_pages()) / 100) * zfs_arc_pc_percent;
-	min = MAX(arc_c_min, MIN(arc_c_max, min));
-
-	if (arc_dirty >= min)
-		return (arc_clean);
-
-	return (MAX((int64_t)asize - (int64_t)min, 0));
-}
-
-/*
- * If sc->nr_to_scan is zero, the caller is requesting a query of the
- * number of objects which can potentially be freed.  If it is nonzero,
- * the request is to free that many objects.
- *
- * Linux kernels >= 3.12 have the count_objects and scan_objects callbacks
- * in struct shrinker and also require the shrinker to return the number
- * of objects freed.
- *
- * Older kernels require the shrinker to return the number of freeable
- * objects following the freeing of nr_to_free.
- */
-static spl_shrinker_t
-__arc_shrinker_func(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc)
-{
-	int64_t pages;
-
-	/* The arc is considered warm once reclaim has occurred */
-	if (unlikely(arc_warm == B_FALSE))
-		arc_warm = B_TRUE;
-
-	/* Return the potential number of reclaimable pages */
-	pages = btop((int64_t)arc_evictable_memory());
-	if (sc->nr_to_scan == 0)
-		return (pages);
-
-	/* Not allowed to perform filesystem reclaim */
-	if (!(sc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
-		return (SHRINK_STOP);
-
-	/* Reclaim in progress */
-	if (mutex_tryenter(&arc_adjust_lock) == 0) {
-		ARCSTAT_INCR(arcstat_need_free, ptob(sc->nr_to_scan));
-		return (0);
-	}
-
-	mutex_exit(&arc_adjust_lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * Evict the requested number of pages by shrinking arc_c the
-	 * requested amount.
-	 */
-	if (pages > 0) {
-		arc_reduce_target_size(ptob(sc->nr_to_scan));
-		if (current_is_kswapd())
-			arc_kmem_reap_soon();
-#ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_SHRINKER_CALLBACK
-		pages = MAX((int64_t)pages -
-		    (int64_t)btop(arc_evictable_memory()), 0);
-#else
-		pages = btop(arc_evictable_memory());
-#endif
-		/*
-		 * We've shrunk what we can, wake up threads.
-		 */
-		cv_broadcast(&arc_adjust_waiters_cv);
-	} else
-		pages = SHRINK_STOP;
-
-	/*
-	 * When direct reclaim is observed it usually indicates a rapid
-	 * increase in memory pressure.  This occurs because the kswapd
-	 * threads were unable to asynchronously keep enough free memory
-	 * available.  In this case set arc_no_grow to briefly pause arc
-	 * growth to avoid compounding the memory pressure.
-	 */
-	if (current_is_kswapd()) {
-		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_memory_indirect_count);
-	} else {
-		arc_no_grow = B_TRUE;
-		arc_kmem_reap_soon();
-		ARCSTAT_BUMP(arcstat_memory_direct_count);
-	}
-
-	return (pages);
-}
-SPL_SHRINKER_CALLBACK_WRAPPER(arc_shrinker_func);
-
-SPL_SHRINKER_DECLARE(arc_shrinker, arc_shrinker_func, DEFAULT_SEEKS);
 #endif /* _KERNEL */
 
 /*
@@ -7051,49 +6687,6 @@ arc_write(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg,
 	return (zio);
 }
 
-static int
-arc_memory_throttle(spa_t *spa, uint64_t reserve, uint64_t txg)
-{
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-	uint64_t available_memory = arc_free_memory();
-
-#if defined(_ILP32)
-	available_memory =
-	    MIN(available_memory, vmem_size(heap_arena, VMEM_FREE));
-#endif
-
-	if (available_memory > arc_all_memory() * arc_lotsfree_percent / 100)
-		return (0);
-
-	if (txg > spa->spa_lowmem_last_txg) {
-		spa->spa_lowmem_last_txg = txg;
-		spa->spa_lowmem_page_load = 0;
-	}
-	/*
-	 * If we are in pageout, we know that memory is already tight,
-	 * the arc is already going to be evicting, so we just want to
-	 * continue to let page writes occur as quickly as possible.
-	 */
-	if (current_is_kswapd()) {
-		if (spa->spa_lowmem_page_load >
-		    MAX(arc_sys_free / 4, available_memory) / 4) {
-			DMU_TX_STAT_BUMP(dmu_tx_memory_reclaim);
-			return (SET_ERROR(ERESTART));
-		}
-		/* Note: reserve is inflated, so we deflate */
-		atomic_add_64(&spa->spa_lowmem_page_load, reserve / 8);
-		return (0);
-	} else if (spa->spa_lowmem_page_load > 0 && arc_reclaim_needed()) {
-		/* memory is low, delay before restarting */
-		ARCSTAT_INCR(arcstat_memory_throttle_count, 1);
-		DMU_TX_STAT_BUMP(dmu_tx_memory_reclaim);
-		return (SET_ERROR(EAGAIN));
-	}
-	spa->spa_lowmem_page_load = 0;
-#endif /* _KERNEL */
-	return (0);
-}
-
 void
 arc_tempreserve_clear(uint64_t reserve)
 {
@@ -7522,17 +7115,8 @@ arc_init(void)
 	arc_min_prefetch_ms = 1000;
 	arc_min_prescient_prefetch_ms = 6000;
 
-#ifdef _KERNEL
+#if defined(_KERNEL)
-	/*
+	arc_lowmem_init();
-	 * Register a shrinker to support synchronous (direct) memory
-	 * reclaim from the arc.  This is done to prevent kswapd from
-	 * swapping out pages when it is preferable to shrink the arc.
-	 */
-	spl_register_shrinker(&arc_shrinker);
-
-	/* Set to 1/64 of all memory or a minimum of 512K */
-	arc_sys_free = MAX(allmem / 64, (512 * 1024));
-	arc_need_free = 0;
 #endif
 
 	/* Set max to 1/2 of all memory */
@@ -7636,7 +7220,7 @@ arc_fini(void)
 	arc_prune_t *p;
 
 #ifdef _KERNEL
-	spl_unregister_shrinker(&arc_shrinker);
+	arc_lowmem_fini();
 #endif /* _KERNEL */
 
 	/* Use B_TRUE to ensure *all* buffers are evicted */