diff --git a/share/doc/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml b/share/doc/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml index 35c21a8a190f..c9349f3324e9 100644 --- a/share/doc/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml +++ b/share/doc/FAQ/freebsd-faq.sgml @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X <author>The FreeBSD FAQ Team, <tt/FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG/ -<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.11 1995/08/17 21:18:48 ats Exp $ +<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.12 1995/08/20 15:21:31 gclarkii Exp $ <abstract> This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5+, unless otherwise noted. @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <toc> - <sect>Preface + <sect> + <heading>Preface</heading> <p> Welcome to the FreeBSD 2.X FAQ ! This document tries to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 2.X (or @@ -60,7 +61,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src" name="FreeBSD-current src directory"> - <sect1>What is FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What is FreeBSD?</heading> <p> FreeBSD 2.X is a UN*X type operating system based on U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite release for the i386 platform. It is @@ -86,7 +88,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <item>Improved SCSI support </itemize> - <sect1>What do I need to run FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What do I need to run FreeBSD?</heading> <p> You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 4 Mo or more of RAM and at least 60 MB of hard disk space. It can run with a low end MDA @@ -94,7 +97,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. See the section on <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility"> - <sect1>Where can I get FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get FreeBSD</heading> <p> The distribution is available via anonymous ftp from: <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD home directory"> @@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> <newline> WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"><newline> - <sect1>What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them? + <sect1> + <heading>What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them?</heading> <p> The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and developers. For more information, send to @@ -166,7 +171,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. <bf/not/ to the list itself. The last thing the subscribred users want to see is administrative requests... - <sect1>What are the various FreeBSD news groups? + <sect1> + <heading>What are the various FreeBSD news groups?</heading> <p> There are two newsgroups currently dedicated to FreeBSD: <descrip> @@ -185,7 +191,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. Trn, TIN and others there. </sect1> - <sect1>Books on FreeBSD + <sect1> + <heading>Books on FreeBSD</heading> <p> There currently aren't any books written specifically for FreeBSD, although some people are supposedly working on some. @@ -249,7 +256,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. these, however, are also on the FreeBSD 2.0.5R CDROM (and the FreeBSD CDROM often has newer versions). - <sect1>Other sources of information. + <sect1> + <heading>Other sources of information.</heading> <p> One good source of additional information is the ``[comp.unix.bsd] NetBSD, FreeBSD, and 386BSD (0.1) @@ -270,9 +278,11 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. The FreeBSD handbook has a pretty complete bibliography, look at: <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/bibliography.html" name="Bibliography"> - <sect>FreeBSD goals + <sect> + <heading>FreeBSD goals</heading> <p> - <sect1>Copyrights + <sect1> + <heading>Copyrights</heading> <p> The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us @@ -291,9 +301,11 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. in how the code is shared and distributed and so is a string we can reasonably live with. - <sect>Installation + <sect> + <heading>Installation</heading> <p> - <sect1>How do I install FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I install FreeBSD?</heading> <p> <bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ if you are installing 2.0.5R from tape, see @@ -318,7 +330,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. RELNOTES -- Release notes </verb> - <sect1>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first? + <sect1> + <heading>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?</heading> <p> If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free @@ -337,7 +350,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. menu for an estimation of how much free space you'll need for the kind of installation you want. - <sect1>Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?</heading> <p> No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or @@ -351,14 +365,16 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD. - <sect1>Can I mount my DOS extended partitions? + <sect1> + <heading>Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?</heading> <p> This feature isn't in FreeBSD 2.0.5 but should be in 2.1. We've laid all the groundwork for making this happen, now we just need to do the last 1% of the work involved. - <sect1>Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?</heading> <p> Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are @@ -374,8 +390,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. to run DOS text mode applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as XFree86 3.1.2). - <sect1>Help! I can't install from tape! The install fails with a ``record too big'' error! - <label id="install-tape"> + <sect1> + <heading>Help! I can't install from tape! The install fails with a ``record too big'' error!<label id="install-tape"></heading> <p> If you are installing 2.0.5R from tape, you must create the tape using a tar blocksize of 10 (5120 bytes). The default tar @@ -384,7 +400,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. you will get an error that complains about the record size being too big. - <sect1>I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than 1024 cylinders. How do I do it? + <sect1> + <heading>I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than 1024 cylinders. How do I do it?</heading> <p> This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating @@ -402,7 +419,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. subdirectory) which can be used for this purpose. - <sect1>When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''. + <sect1> + <heading>When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''.</heading> <p> See question above. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and @@ -410,7 +428,8 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. geometry. You will have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the instructions given above will almost always get you going. - <sect1>When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again. + <sect1> + <heading>When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again.</heading> <p> This is another symptom of the problem described in the preceding @@ -419,8 +438,11 @@ Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. translation (often marked as ``>1GB drive support''), try toggling its setting and reinstalling FreeBSD. - <sect1>I'm having lots of trouble trying to disklabel a new SCSI drive. I have made an entry in <tt>/etc/disktab</tt>, but when I try to label the drive the following happens: - <p> + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having lots of trouble trying to disklabel a new SCSI drive.</heading> + + <p>I have made an entry in <tt>/etc/disktab</tt>, but + when I try to label the drive the following happens: <verb> mips# disklabel -w /dev/sd1 sea32550N disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: Operation not supported by device @@ -507,7 +529,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ offset 0 is invalid so <tt/sysinstall/ doesn't support creating such slices. - <sect1>I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't seem to install properly. + <sect1> + <heading>I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't seem to install properly.</heading> <p> FreeBSD's bad block (the ``<tt/bad144/'' command) handling is @@ -522,14 +545,15 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ to see if this feature has been disabled on your drive. However, ESDI, RLL, and ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - <sect1>I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems? - <label id="bigram"> + <sect1> + <heading>I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems?<label id="bigram"></heading> <p> No. FreeBSD 2.X comes with bounce buffers which allows your bus mastering controller access to greater than 16MB. - <sect1>My network card keeps getting errors like, ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''. What's going on? + <sect1> + <heading>My network card keeps getting errors like, ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''. What's going on?</heading> <p> This is usually caused by an interrupt conflict (e.g., two boards @@ -538,7 +562,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ presence of IRQ conflicts. However, with 2.0.5R and later, IRQ conflicts are no longer tolerated. - <sect1>Do I need to install the complete sources? + <sect1> + <heading>Do I need to install the complete sources?</heading> <p> In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you install, at a minimum, the ``<tt/base/'' source kit, which @@ -560,7 +585,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ releases of FreeBSD. - <sect1>DES encryption software can not be exported from the United States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords? + <sect1> + <heading>DES encryption software can not be exported from the United States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords?</heading> <p> If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style encryption, you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even @@ -607,9 +633,11 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ </sect1> </sect> - <sect>Hardware compatibility <label id="hardware"> + <sect> + <heading>Hardware compatibility <label id="hardware"></heading> <p> - <sect1>What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on? + <sect1> + <heading>What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI @@ -618,7 +646,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ FreeBSD also supports IDE and SCSI hard drives. - <sect1>What SCSI controllers are supported? + <sect1> + <heading>What SCSI controllers are supported?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: @@ -658,7 +687,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ WD7000 <ISA> <No scatter/gather> </descrip> - <sect1>What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> <p> Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. @@ -673,7 +703,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ All non-SCSI cards are known to be extremely slow compared to SCSI drives. - <sect1>What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> <p> <itemize> @@ -697,14 +728,16 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ Check the <tt/sio(4)/ man page to get more information on configuring such cards. - <sect1>Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2xxx SCSI adapters from Adaptec? + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2xxx SCSI adapters from Adaptec?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports the AHA-2xxx line of disks. The GPL portions of the old drivers have been re-written and now it is fully under the Berkeley style copyright. - <sect1>I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set it up for XFree86? + <sect1> + <heading>I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set it up for XFree86?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need @@ -714,7 +747,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\ device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr </verb> - <sect1>I have a PS/2 mouse (``keyboard'' mouse) (Alternatively: I have a laptop with a track-ball mouse). How do I use it? + <sect1> + <heading>I have a PS/2 mouse (``keyboard'' mouse) (Alternatively: I have a laptop with a track-ball mouse). How do I use it?</heading> <p> You'll have to add the following lines to your kernel configuration file and recompile: @@ -724,13 +758,15 @@ device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) </verb> - <sect1>What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - <sect1>What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> <p> FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, SoundBlaster @@ -742,7 +778,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) <bf/NOTE/ This is only for sound! This driver does not support CD-ROMs, SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - <sect1>What network cards does FreeBSD support? + <sect1> + <heading>What network cards does FreeBSD support?</heading> <p> There is support for the following cards: @@ -795,7 +832,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) we are incompatiable with other versions, but we hope to correct this in the near future. - <sect1>I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. Will this cause me any problems? + <sect1> + <heading>I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. Will this cause me any problems?</heading> <p> Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a @@ -808,7 +846,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) us to say it, but nobody ever got fired for buying Intel. Unless you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of clones. - <sect1>What other devices does 2.X support? + <sect1> + <heading>What other devices does 2.X support?</heading> <p> Here is a listing of drivers that do not fit into any of the @@ -842,7 +881,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) Driver for the X-10 POWERHOUSE <newline> </descrip> - <sect1>I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list of other systems anywhere? + <sect1> + <heading>I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list of other systems anywhere?</heading> <p> Yes. Please look at the file <tt>Systems.FAQ</tt>. This file is @@ -851,13 +891,15 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) have sent in, and does not constitute any kind of endorsement by the FreeBSD Project. - <sect1>I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage of this? + <sect1> + <heading>I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage of this?</heading> <p> Yes it can on certain machines. Please look in the <tt/LINT/ kernel config file under <tt/APM/. - <sect>Commercial Applications + <sect> + <heading>Commercial Applications</heading> <p> <bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of @@ -869,7 +911,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) entries here for inclusion. - <sect1>Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD? + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD?</heading> <p> Contact the following company: @@ -881,8 +924,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) FAX: +44 (0) 329 825936<newline> Email: <url url="mailto:info@lasermoon.co.uk" name="Info Address"> - <sect1>Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end graphics cards like the Matrox or #9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 bit deep pallettes? - <label id="xinside"> + <sect1> + <heading>Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end graphics cards like the Matrox or #9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 bit deep pallettes?<label id="xinside"></heading> <p> Yes, X Inside Incorporated sells their Accelerated-X product for FreeBSD and other Intel based systems. @@ -909,7 +952,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) phone +1(303)384-9999 </descrip> - <sect1>Any other applications I might be interested in? + <sect1> + <heading>Any other applications I might be interested in?</heading> <p> RenderMorphics, Ltd. sells a high-speed 3D rendering package for @@ -934,9 +978,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) </sect1> - <sect>User Applications + <sect> + <heading>User Applications</heading> - <sect1>I want to run X, how do I go about it? + <sect1> + <heading>I want to run X, how do I go about it?</heading> <p> First, get the XFree86(tm) distribution of X11R6 from @@ -951,7 +997,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) available at a very reasonable price. See section <ref id="xinside" name="on Xaccel"> for more details. - <sect1>I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? <label id="emul"> + <sect1> + <heading>I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up?<label id="emul"></heading> <p> You will need to add the alternate math emulator to your kernel, @@ -965,7 +1012,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) <bf/NOTE/ You will need to remove the <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ option when you do this. - <sect1>I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting binaries? + <sect1> + <heading>I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting binaries?</heading> <p> Yes. We support the concept of a ``package'', which is @@ -986,9 +1034,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) details on the care and feeding of the package software, so no explicit details will be given here. - <sect>Miscellaneous Questions + <sect> + <heading>Miscellaneous Questions</heading> <p> - <sect1>Hey! Chmod doesn't change the file permissions of symlinked files! What's going on? + <sect1> + <heading>Hey! Chmod doesn't change the file permissions of symlinked files! What's going on?</heading> <p> You have to use either ``<tt/-H/'' or ``<tt/-L/'' together with the ``<tt/-R/'' option to make this work. See the <tt/chmod(1)/ @@ -1011,7 +1061,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) ``<tt/foo/'', to change the permissions of the directory, ``<tt/bar/''. - <sect1>How do I mount a CDROM? I've tried using <tt/mount(8)/, but it keeps on giving me an error like, ``<tt>/dev/cd0a on /mnt: Incorrect super block.</tt>'' + <sect1> + <heading>How do I mount a CDROM? I've tried using <tt/mount(8)/, but it keeps on giving me an error like, ``<tt>/dev/cd0a on /mnt: Incorrect super block.</tt>''</heading> <p> You have to tell <tt/mount(8)/ the type of the device that you want to mount. By default, <tt/mount(8)/ will assume the @@ -1038,12 +1089,14 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt </verb> - <sect1>When I try to mount a CDROM, I get a ``Device not configured'' error. What's going on? + <sect1> + <heading>When I try to mount a CDROM, I get a ``Device not configured'' error. What's going on?</heading> <p> This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive. Feed the drive something. - <sect1>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors. What's going on? + <sect1> + <heading>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors. What's going on?</heading> <p> This can be caused by bad hardware (memory, motherboard, etc.). Try running a memory-testing program on your PC. Note that, even @@ -1053,7 +1106,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) (such as during busmastering DMA from a SCSI controller like the Adaptec 1542). - <sect1>Help, some of my X Window menus and dialog boxes don't work right! I can't select them. + <sect1> + <heading>Help, some of my X Window menus and dialog boxes don't work right! I can't select them.</heading> <p> Try turning off the Num Lock key. @@ -1067,7 +1121,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) ServerNumLock </verb> - <sect1>How do I access the virtual consoles? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I access the virtual consoles?</heading> <p> If the console is not currently displaying X Window, just press Alt-F1 to Alt-F12. @@ -1086,7 +1141,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) Ctrl key; the Ctrl-Alt-function key combination is used only when switching from X Window to a virtual terminal. - <sect1>How do I increase the number of virtual consoles? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I increase the number of virtual consoles?</heading> <p> Edit <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> and add entries for ``<tt/ttyv4/'' to ``<tt/ttyvc/'' after the comment on ``Virtual terminals'' (delete @@ -1160,13 +1216,15 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) will probably appear to hang/lock up after executing the kill command. - <sect1>I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and where can I get more information? + <sect1> + <heading>I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and where can I get more information?</heading> <p> Read the file <tt>/usr/src/share/FAQ/Text/current-policy.FAQ</tt>, it will tell you all you need to know. - <sect1>What is this thing called ``<tt/sup/'', and how do I use it? + <sect1> + <heading>What is this thing called ``<tt/sup/'', and how do I use it?</heading> <p> SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU @@ -1198,7 +1256,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) which are a set of supfiles for supping from <tt/FreeBSD.ORG/. - <sect1>How do I create customized installation disks that I can give out to other people at my site? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I create customized installation disks that I can give out to other people at my site?</heading> <p> The entire process of creating installation disks and source and @@ -1206,7 +1265,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should be enough to get you started. - <sect1>How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing installed binaries? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing installed binaries?</heading> <p> If you define the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ while running @@ -1218,7 +1278,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) however. - <sect1>When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. What does that mean? + <sect1> + <heading>When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. What does that mean?</heading> <p> The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure @@ -1231,7 +1292,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be corrupted. - <sect1>I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? <label id="ctm"> + <sect1> + <heading>I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree?<label id="ctm"></heading> <p> Yes, you can use the <tt/CTM/ facility. Check out the @@ -1242,7 +1304,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) for more information. - <sect1>How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files like the distribution does? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files like the distribution does?</heading> <p> Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that @@ -1259,9 +1322,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) </verb> - <sect1><XXX> I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do?</> + <sect1> + <heading><XXX> I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do?</heading> - <sect1>I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will will want. How do I get it included into the distribution? + <sect1> + <heading>I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will will want. How do I get it included into the distribution?</heading> <p> Please take a look at the FAQ for submiting code to FreeBSD at: @@ -1273,9 +1338,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) </sect1> - <sect>Kernel Configuration + <sect> + <heading>Kernel Configuration</heading> <p> - <sect1>Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway? <label id="make-kernel"> + <sect1> + <heading>Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway?<label id="make-kernel"></heading> <p> Before you can compile a kernel, you need either the complete <tt/srcdist/ or, at the minimum, the <tt/kerndist/ loaded on your @@ -1339,7 +1406,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops) messages printed by your old kernel, some of which may be quite helpful in configuring the new one. - <sect1>When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? + <sect1> + <heading>When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this?</heading> <p> The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the @@ -1357,7 +1425,8 @@ device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr </verb> - <sect1>FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but when I look, I can't find it. + <sect1> + <heading>FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but when I look, I can't find it.</heading> <p> You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config @@ -1391,7 +1460,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <tt/-current/ and try that. - <sect1>Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V? + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V?</heading> <p> Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared @@ -1407,7 +1477,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 Recompile and install. - <sect1>Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures? + <sect1> + <heading>Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures?</heading> <p> Several different groups have expressed interest in working on @@ -1416,7 +1487,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <tt><platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> for more information on our strategy for porting. - <sect1>I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the appropriate major numbers assigned? + <sect1> + <heading>I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the appropriate major numbers assigned?</heading> <p> This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver @@ -1432,9 +1504,11 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 </sect1> - <sect>System Administration + <sect> + <heading>System Administration</heading> -<sect1>Hmm, where are my familiar BSD system files ? What's this <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> thing ? +<sect1> + <heading>Hmm, where are my familiar BSD system files ? What's this <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> thing?</heading> <p> As for 2.0.5R, the primary configuration file is @@ -1455,7 +1529,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 The <tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> is for Intel-specifics setting like the iBCS2 emulation. - <sect1>How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused than ever! (Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read man pages! :-) ) + <sect1> + <heading>How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused than ever!</heading> <p> Use the <tt/adduser/ command. @@ -1465,12 +1540,14 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> about it. It is currently under further development. - <sect1><XXX> I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried looking at <tt>/etc/printcap</tt>, but it's close to useless. Any ideas? + <sect1> + <heading><XXX> I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried looking at <tt>/etc/printcap</tt>, but it's close to useless. Any ideas?</heading> <p> Still under construction. </sect1> - <sect1>My keyboard mappings are wrong for my system. How can I fix them? + <sect1> + <heading>My keyboard mappings are wrong for my system. How can I fix them?</heading> <p> The kbdcontrol program has an option to load a keyboard map file. Under <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> are a number of map @@ -1502,9 +1579,11 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 </itemize> </sect1> - <sect>Networking + <sect> + <heading>Networking</heading> - <sect1>Where can I get information booting FreeBSD ``diskless'', that is booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having a local disk? + <sect1> + <heading>Where can I get information booting FreeBSD ``diskless'', that is booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having a local disk?</heading> <p> Please read the diskless section in the Handbook. It is in @@ -1513,7 +1592,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/diskless.html" name="Handbook's section on diskless boot"> - <sect1>I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network router - is there any easy support for this? + <sect1> + <heading>I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network router - is there any easy support for this?</heading> <p> Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from @@ -1536,7 +1616,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 standard requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough for ordinary usage. - <sect1>Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP?</> + <sect1> + <heading>Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP?</heading> <p> Yes. See the man pages for <tt/slattach(8)/ and/or <tt/pppd(8)/ @@ -1555,7 +1636,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 <url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook" name="FreeBSD's Handbook"> - <sect1>How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device! + <sect1> + <heading>How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> <p> In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only @@ -1568,7 +1650,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or Ultrix. - <sect1>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> <p> If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an @@ -1576,7 +1659,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. - <sect1>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first? + <sect1> + <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first?</heading> <p> Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it @@ -1590,7 +1674,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 for more information on this topic. - <sect1>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box? + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> <p> Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests @@ -1599,7 +1684,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt </verb> - <sect1>I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? (Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications make use of it?) + <sect1> + <heading>I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? (Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications make use of it?)</heading> <p> Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 by @@ -1630,12 +1716,14 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z </sect1> - <sect> Serial Communications + <sect> + <heading>Serial Communications</heading> <p> This section answers common questions about serial communications with FreeBSD. - <sect1> How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?</heading> <p> As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports in your system for which the kernel was configured. You can @@ -1669,12 +1757,14 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z section <ref id="make-kernel" name="about building a kernel"> for more details. - <sect1>Hey, I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my <tt/tty0X/ are missing ! + <sect1> + <heading>Hey, I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my <tt/tty0X/ are missing!</heading> <p> Don't worry, they have been merged with the <tt/ttydX/ devices. You'll have to change old configuration files. - <sect1> How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running?</heading> <p> The third serial port, <tt/sio2/ (known as COM3 in DOS), is on <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> for dial-out devices, and on @@ -1693,7 +1783,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z can still dialout with the same modem and the system will take care of all the conflicts. - <sect1> How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card? + <sect1> + <heading>How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card?</heading> <p> Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport serial card, @@ -1716,11 +1807,13 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z (<tt/0x700/), diagnostics enabled during probe (<tt/0x080/), and all the ports share an irq (<tt/0x001/). - <sect1> I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can FreeBSD handle this? + <sect1> + <heading>I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can FreeBSD handle this?</heading> <p> Not yet. You'll have to use a different irq for each card. - <sect1> What's the difference between <tt/ttyd1/, <tt/ttyid1/, and <tt/ttyld1/? Or, how can I set the default serial parameters for a port? + <sect1> + <heading>What's the difference between <tt/ttyd1/, <tt/ttyid1/, and <tt/ttyld1/? Or, how can I set the default serial parameters for a port?</heading> <p> The <tt/ttydX/ (or <tt/cuaaX/) device is the regular device you'll want to open for your applications. When a process opens @@ -1759,7 +1852,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z devices writable only by <tt/root/. The <tt/MAKEDEV/ script does <bf/NOT/ do this when it creates the device entries. - <sect1> How can I enable dialup logins on my modem? + <sect1> + <heading>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</heading> <p> So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? First, you'll need one or more modems that can autoanswer. Your modem @@ -1820,7 +1914,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 </verb> - <sect1> How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my FreeBSD box? + <sect1> + <heading>How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my FreeBSD box?</heading> <p> If you're using another computer as a terminal into your FreeBSD system, get a null modem cable to go between the two serial @@ -1838,7 +1933,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z (<tt/std.38400/ from <tt>/etc/gettytab</tt>) and <tt/root/ logins are allowed (secure). - <sect1> Why can't I run <tt/tip/ or <tt/cu/? + <sect1> + <heading>Why can't I run <tt/tip/ or <tt/cu/?</heading> <p> On your system, the programs <tt/tip/ and <tt/cu/ are probably executable only by <tt/uucp/ and group <tt/dialer/. You can use @@ -1853,7 +1949,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z You don't have to run this command for <tt/cu/, since <tt/cu/ is just a hard link to <tt/tip/. - <sect1> My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do? + <sect1> + <heading>My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do?</heading> <p> Actually, the man page for <tt/tip/ is out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use @@ -1878,7 +1975,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z 1/''. Then ``<tt/make/'' and ``<tt/make install/''. Everything works nicely after that. - <sect1> How am I expected to enter these AT commands without resorting to some DOS-based terminal program? <label id="direct-at"> + <sect1> + <heading>How am I expected to enter these AT commands without resorting to some DOS-based terminal program?<label id="direct-at"></heading> <p> Make what's called a ``<tt/direct/'' entry in your <tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example, if your modem's hooked @@ -1897,7 +1995,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z MAKEDEV cuaa0 </verb> - <sect1> Why doesn't the <tt/@/ sign for the phone number capability work? + <sect1> + <heading>Why doesn't the <tt/@/ sign for the phone number capability work?</heading> <p> The <tt/@/ sign in the pn capability tells tip to look in <tt>/etc/phones</tt> for a phone number. But the <tt/@/ sign is @@ -1907,7 +2006,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z pn=\@ </verb> - <sect1> How can I dial a phone number on the command line? + <sect1> + <heading>How can I dial a phone number on the command line?</heading> <p> Put what's called a ``<tt/generic/'' entry in your <tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example: @@ -1926,7 +2026,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z </verb> and type ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/''. - <sect1> Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps rate on the command line? + <sect1> + <heading>Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps rate on the command line?</heading> <p> Put in an entry for <tt/tip1200/ or <tt/cu1200/, but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate with the br @@ -1934,7 +2035,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z why it looks for a ``<tt/tip1200/'' entry. You don't have to use 1200 bps, though. - <sect1> I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a terminal server, but I don't want to type ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' each time once I'm connected. Can <tt/tip/ do that for me? + <sect1> + <heading>I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a terminal server, but I don't want to type ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' each time once I'm connected. Can <tt/tip/ do that for me?</heading> <p> Yes. Use the <tt/cm/ capability. For example, these entries in <tt>/etc/remote</tt>: @@ -1951,7 +2053,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z connect to the hosts pain or muffin; and ``<tt/tip deep13/'' to get to the terminal server. - <sect1> My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. Can tip automatically try each line? + <sect1> + <heading>My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. Can tip automatically try each line?</heading> <p> Sure. Make an entry for your university in <tt>/etc/remote</tt> and use <tt>\@</tt> for the <tt/pn/ capability: @@ -1974,7 +2077,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z <tt/tip/ will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If you want to keep retrying, run <tt/tip/ in a while loop. - <sect1> How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once? + <sect1> + <heading>How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once?</heading> <p> CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell <tt/tip/ that the next character is literal data. You can set the force @@ -1995,7 +2099,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z force=<single-char> </verb> - <sect1> Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives? + <sect1> + <heading>Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives?</heading> <p> You must've pressed CTRL+A, <tt/tip/'s ``raise character,'' specially designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use @@ -2011,7 +2116,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z </verb> The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6. - <sect1> How can I do file transfers with <tt/tip/? + <sect1> + <heading>How can I do file transfers with <tt/tip/?</heading> <p> If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and receive files with <tt/~p/ (put) and <tt/~t/ (take). These @@ -2025,7 +2131,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z There's no error checking, so you probably should use another protocol, like zmodem. - <sect1> Okay, how can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/? + <sect1> + <heading>Okay, how can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?</heading> <p> To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type ``<tt/~C rz/'' to begin receiving them locally. @@ -2036,7 +2143,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z </sect> - <sect>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + <sect> + <heading>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</heading> <p> <code>