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Alphabetize the kernel changes section by manpage reference or

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keyword, where possible.
This commit is contained in:
Bruce A. Mah 2002-01-19 12:50:37 +00:00
parent 3bfbfd1770
commit eb2e201983
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338
release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.sgml
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@ -72,6 +72,63 @@
<sect2 id="kernel"> <sect2 id="kernel">
<title>Kernel Changes</title> <title>Kernel Changes</title>
<para arch="i386">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to
provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756
chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists
some of the per-CPU data.</para>
<para>Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and
<command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to
<command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they install
hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported
by the architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the
<filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically and
supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and can be
disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel option.</para>
<para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para>
<para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and ISA
Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is (mainly) used to
re-initialize cards that have external port modules attached such as
the PC/Xem.</para>
<para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to
&man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials
rather than real credentials.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA
(ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own
securelevel.</para>
<para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved
from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the
<varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related
sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to
<varname>security.*</varname>.</para>
<para>The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly
limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with
no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of
vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing
many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread helps
to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the
(machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl
variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID
<groupname>kmem</groupname>.</para>
<para>The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to <para>The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to
the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to
replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved performance, replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved performance,
@ -79,22 +136,54 @@
Support for monitoring changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files Support for monitoring changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files
are present, as well as for signals and processes. &merged;</para> are present, as well as for signals and processes. &merged;</para>
<para>Support for USB devices was added to the <para arch="i386">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual address
programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM space. &merged;</para>
does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still use
an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial console. &merged;</para>
<para>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The <para>The &man.labpc.4; driver has been removed due to
implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the <quote>bitrot</quote>.</para>
MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been added. &merged;</para> <para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs for a
module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new
&man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para>
<para>Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a <para>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality
single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to required by the
the cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported <port>emulators/linux_base-7</port> (RedHat 7.X emulation)
for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> port. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control
security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It provides
a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration
parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel
parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also
tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The
<varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the
<varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will
now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time
(between 32 and 512, depending on the amount of memory present).
This value is now the default for all
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option,
along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> environment variable, can be
used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for
testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel configuration parameters
<varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are
all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>,
<varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, <literal>NAPIC</literal>, <para arch="i386">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, <literal>NAPIC</literal>,
<literal>NBUS</literal>, and <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel <literal>NBUS</literal>, and <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel
@ -103,59 +192,33 @@
and the other, aforementioned options are now and the other, aforementioned options are now
dynamic. &merged;</para> dynamic. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the <para>A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added.
<filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically and &merged;</para>
supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and can be
disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel option.</para>
<para>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This <para>The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to
feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI and &man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open
IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour to files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and
complete. &merged;</para> writing. &merged;</para>
<para>Extremely large swap areas (&gt;67 GB) no longer panic the <para>An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option
system.</para> ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from
mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these ROMs. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA
(ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB scanner support
using SANE has been added. See <ulink
url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> for
supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are
known to be working.</para>
<para arch="i386">The umodem driver for USB modems has been added.
Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom Ricochet GS
wireless USB modems.</para>
<para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has been
added.</para>
<para>A number of cleanups and enhancements have been applied to
the PCI subsystem.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access to the jog
dial device on some Sony laptops, has been added.</para>
<para arch="i386">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been <para arch="i386">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been
added.</para> added.</para>
<para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para> <para arch="i386">The pmc driver, which supports the power
management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the <para>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The
name of the configuration(s) to build from the implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the
<varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para>
<varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some
cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a <para>Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when the cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported
upgrading across major releases, across for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para>
<application>binutil</application> updates and when &man.config.8;
changes version.) &merged;
</para>
<para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the <para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the
<application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests entropy <application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests entropy
@ -169,38 +232,65 @@
generates a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly generates a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly
as <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para> as <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para>
<para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled
pasting, by default bound to
<keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para>
<para>The &man.labpc.4; driver has been removed due to
<quote>bitrot</quote>.</para>
<para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>, <para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>,
enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during
correctness and regression testing.</para> correctness and regression testing.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access to the jog
dial device on some Sony laptops, has been added.</para>
<para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled
pasting, by default bound to
<keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para>
<para>Support for USB devices was added to the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation
programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM
does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still use
an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial console. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The umodem driver for USB modems has been added.
Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom Ricochet GS
wireless USB modems.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB scanner support
using SANE has been added. See <ulink
url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> for
supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are
known to be working.</para>
<para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now <para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now
activated by default.</para> activated by default.</para>
<para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists <para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para>
some of the per-CPU data.</para>
<para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and ISA <!-- Above this line, sort kernel changes by manpage/keyword-->
Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is (mainly) used to
re-initialize cards that have external port modules attached such as
the PC/Xem.</para>
<para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para> <para>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This
feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI and
IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour to
complete. &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to <para>Extremely large swap areas (&gt;67 GB) no longer panic the
&man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open system.</para>
files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and
writing. &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option <para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has been
ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from added.</para>
mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these ROMs. &merged;</para>
<para>A number of cleanups and enhancements have been applied to
the PCI subsystem.</para>
<para>The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the
name of the configuration(s) to build from the
<varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not
<varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some
cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when
upgrading across major releases, across
<application>binutil</application> updates and when &man.config.8;
changes version.) &merged;
</para>
<para>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing <para>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing
processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into
@ -220,42 +310,10 @@
<option>create</option> option should be used when another device <option>create</option> option should be used when another device
instance is desired. &merged;</para> instance is desired. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the
(machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl
variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID
<groupname>kmem</groupname>.</para>
<para>Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and
<command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to
<command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they install
hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported
by the architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added.
&merged;</para>
<para>The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration
parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel
parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also
tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The
<varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the
<varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will
now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time
(between 32 and 512, depending on the amount of memory present).
This value is now the default for all
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para>
<para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables (such <para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables (such
as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s
<literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para> <literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para>
<para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs for a
module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new
&man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para>
<para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the
<varname>vm.zeroidle_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para> <varname>vm.zeroidle_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para>
@ -264,30 +322,10 @@
utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with kernels compiled at utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with kernels compiled at
different addresses. &merged;</para> different addresses. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option
can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual address
space. &merged;</para>
<para>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of <para>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of
processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of
time. &merged;</para> time. &merged;</para>
<para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own
securelevel.</para>
<para arch="alpha">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option,
along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> environment variable, can be
used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for
testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to
&man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials
rather than real credentials.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to
provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756
chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are <para>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are
smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one thread smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one thread
per process is allowed at this time).</para> per process is allowed at this time).</para>
@ -305,26 +343,10 @@
booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on
floppies). &merged;</para> floppies). &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The pmc driver, which supports the power
management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel configuration parameters
<varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are
all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>,
<varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para>
<para>The system load average computation now adds some jitter to <para>The system load average computation now adds some jitter to
the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with
processes that run periodically. &merged;</para> processes that run periodically. &merged;</para>
<para>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality
required by the
<port>emulators/linux_base-7</port> (RedHat 7.X emulation)
port. &merged;</para>
<para>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built <para>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built
(i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the modules (i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the modules
will now be built with debugging support as well, for will now be built with debugging support as well, for
@ -332,26 +354,6 @@
and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on
disk than they did previously. &merged;</para> disk than they did previously. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control
security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It provides
a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved
from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the
<varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related
sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to
<varname>security.*</varname>.</para>
<para>The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly
limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with
no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of
vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing
many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread helps
to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para>
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title> <title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title>

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@ -72,6 +72,63 @@
<sect2 id="kernel"> <sect2 id="kernel">
<title>Kernel Changes</title> <title>Kernel Changes</title>
<para arch="i386">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to
provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756
chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been added. &merged;</para>
<para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists
some of the per-CPU data.</para>
<para>Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and
<command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to
<command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they install
hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported
by the architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the
<filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically and
supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and can be
disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel option.</para>
<para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para>
<para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and ISA
Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is (mainly) used to
re-initialize cards that have external port modules attached such as
the PC/Xem.</para>
<para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to
&man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials
rather than real credentials.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA
(ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own
securelevel.</para>
<para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved
from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the
<varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related
sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to
<varname>security.*</varname>.</para>
<para>The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly
limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with
no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of
vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing
many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread helps
to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the
(machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl
variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID
<groupname>kmem</groupname>.</para>
<para>The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to <para>The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to
the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to
replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved performance, replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved performance,
@ -79,22 +136,54 @@
Support for monitoring changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files Support for monitoring changes in sockets, pipes, fifos, and files
are present, as well as for signals and processes. &merged;</para> are present, as well as for signals and processes. &merged;</para>
<para>Support for USB devices was added to the <para arch="i386">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual address
programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM space. &merged;</para>
does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still use
an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial console. &merged;</para>
<para>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The <para>The &man.labpc.4; driver has been removed due to
implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the <quote>bitrot</quote>.</para>
MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para>
<para>The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been added. &merged;</para> <para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs for a
module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new
&man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para>
<para>Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a <para>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality
single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to required by the
the cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported <port>emulators/linux_base-7</port> (RedHat 7.X emulation)
for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> port. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control
security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It provides
a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration
parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel
parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also
tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The
<varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the
<varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will
now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time
(between 32 and 512, depending on the amount of memory present).
This value is now the default for all
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para>
<para arch="alpha">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option,
along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> environment variable, can be
used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for
testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel configuration parameters
<varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are
all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>,
<varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, <literal>NAPIC</literal>, <para arch="i386">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, <literal>NAPIC</literal>,
<literal>NBUS</literal>, and <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel <literal>NBUS</literal>, and <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel
@ -103,59 +192,33 @@
and the other, aforementioned options are now and the other, aforementioned options are now
dynamic. &merged;</para> dynamic. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the <para>A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added.
<filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically and &merged;</para>
supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been largely
reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and can be
disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel option.</para>
<para>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This <para>The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to
feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI and &man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open
IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour to files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and
complete. &merged;</para> writing. &merged;</para>
<para>Extremely large swap areas (&gt;67 GB) no longer panic the <para>An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option
system.</para> ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from
mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these ROMs. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA
(ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB scanner support
using SANE has been added. See <ulink
url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> for
supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are
known to be working.</para>
<para arch="i386">The umodem driver for USB modems has been added.
Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom Ricochet GS
wireless USB modems.</para>
<para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has been
added.</para>
<para>A number of cleanups and enhancements have been applied to
the PCI subsystem.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access to the jog
dial device on some Sony laptops, has been added.</para>
<para arch="i386">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been <para arch="i386">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has been
added.</para> added.</para>
<para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para> <para arch="i386">The pmc driver, which supports the power
management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the <para>POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The
name of the configuration(s) to build from the implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the
<varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para>
<varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some
cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a <para>Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when the cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported
upgrading across major releases, across for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para>
<application>binutil</application> updates and when &man.config.8;
changes version.) &merged;
</para>
<para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the <para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the
<application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests entropy <application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests entropy
@ -169,38 +232,65 @@
generates a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly generates a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly
as <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para> as <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para>
<para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled
pasting, by default bound to
<keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para>
<para>The &man.labpc.4; driver has been removed due to
<quote>bitrot</quote>.</para>
<para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>, <para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>,
enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during
correctness and regression testing.</para> correctness and regression testing.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access to the jog
dial device on some Sony laptops, has been added.</para>
<para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled
pasting, by default bound to
<keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para>
<para>Support for USB devices was added to the
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation
programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM
does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still use
an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial console. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The umodem driver for USB modems has been added.
Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and Metricom Ricochet GS
wireless USB modems.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB scanner support
using SANE has been added. See <ulink
url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> for
supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C are
known to be working.</para>
<para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now <para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now
activated by default.</para> activated by default.</para>
<para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists <para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para>
some of the per-CPU data.</para>
<para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and ISA <!-- Above this line, sort kernel changes by manpage/keyword-->
Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is (mainly) used to
re-initialize cards that have external port modules attached such as
the PC/Xem.</para>
<para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para> <para>Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This
feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI and
IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour to
complete. &merged;</para>
<para>The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to <para>Extremely large swap areas (&gt;67 GB) no longer panic the
&man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open system.</para>
files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and
writing. &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option <para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has been
ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from added.</para>
mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these ROMs. &merged;</para>
<para>A number of cleanups and enhancements have been applied to
the PCI subsystem.</para>
<para>The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the
name of the configuration(s) to build from the
<varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not
<varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some
cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when
upgrading across major releases, across
<application>binutil</application> updates and when &man.config.8;
changes version.) &merged;
</para>
<para>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing <para>The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing
processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into
@ -220,42 +310,10 @@
<option>create</option> option should be used when another device <option>create</option> option should be used when another device
instance is desired. &merged;</para> instance is desired. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the
(machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl
variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID
<groupname>kmem</groupname>.</para>
<para>Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and
<command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to
<command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they install
hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software watchpoints) if supported
by the architecture. &merged;</para>
<para>A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added.
&merged;</para>
<para>The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration
parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel
parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also
tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The
<varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a tunable. &merged;</para>
<para>Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the
<varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will
now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time
(between 32 and 512, depending on the amount of memory present).
This value is now the default for all
<filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para>
<para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables (such <para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables (such
as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s
<literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para> <literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para>
<para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named
<filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs for a
module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new
&man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para>
<para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the <para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the
<varname>vm.zeroidle_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para> <varname>vm.zeroidle_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para>
@ -264,30 +322,10 @@
utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with kernels compiled at utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with kernels compiled at
different addresses. &merged;</para> different addresses. &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option
can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual address
space. &merged;</para>
<para>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of <para>Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of
processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of
time. &merged;</para> time. &merged;</para>
<para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own
securelevel.</para>
<para arch="alpha">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option,
along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> environment variable, can be
used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for
testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para>
<para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to
&man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials
rather than real credentials.</para>
<para arch="i386">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to
provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756
chipset. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are <para>The kernel is now aware of the concept that there are
smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one thread smaller units of scheduling than a process (but only one thread
per process is allowed at this time).</para> per process is allowed at this time).</para>
@ -305,26 +343,10 @@
booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on
floppies). &merged;</para> floppies). &merged;</para>
<para arch="i386">The pmc driver, which supports the power
management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been
added. &merged;</para>
<para>The kernel configuration parameters
<varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>,
<varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are
all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>,
<varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para>
<para>The system load average computation now adds some jitter to <para>The system load average computation now adds some jitter to
the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with
processes that run periodically. &merged;</para> processes that run periodically. &merged;</para>
<para>Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality
required by the
<port>emulators/linux_base-7</port> (RedHat 7.X emulation)
port. &merged;</para>
<para>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built <para>If a debugging kernel with modules is being built
(i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the modules (i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the modules
will now be built with debugging support as well, for will now be built with debugging support as well, for
@ -332,26 +354,6 @@
and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more space on
disk than they did previously. &merged;</para> disk than they did previously. &merged;</para>
<para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control
security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It provides
a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the traditional
UID-based security facilities, requiring no additional
configuration from the administrator. Work on this feature was
sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para>
<para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved
from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the
<varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related
sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to
<varname>security.*</varname>.</para>
<para>The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly
limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with
no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of
vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing
many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread helps
to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para>
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title> <title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title>