In particular following functions KPI results modified:
- bufobj_invalbuf()
- bufsync()
and BO_SYNC() "virtual method" of the buffer objects set.
Main consumers of bufobj functions are affected by this change too and,
in particular, functions which changed their KPI are:
- vinvalbuf()
- g_vfs_close()
Due to the KPI breakage, __FreeBSD_version will be bumped in a later
commit.
As a side note, please consider just temporary the 'curthread' argument
passing to VOP_SYNC() (in bufsync()) as it will be axed out ASAP
Reviewed by: kib
Tested by: Giovanni Trematerra <giovanni dot trematerra at gmail dot com>
into the separate function vm_pageout_oom(). Supply a parameter for
vm_pageout_oom() describing a reason for the call.
Call vm_pageout_oom() from the swp_pager_meta_build() when swap zone
is exhausted.
Reviewed by: alc
Tested by: pho, jhb
MFC after: 2 weeks
filedescriptor into it. Make sure that td_fpop is NULL when calling
d_mmap from dev_pager_getpages().
Change guards against td_fpop field being non-NULL with private state
for another device, and against sudden clearing the td_fpop. This
could occur when either a driver method calls another driver through
the filedescriptor operation, or a page fault happen while driver is
writing to a memory backed by another driver.
Noted by: rwatson
Tested by: rnoland
MFC after: 3 days
that redzone adds to the allocation for storing its metadata is at least as
large as the metadata that it will store there.
Submitted by: Nima Misaghian
routine wakes up proc0 so that proc0 can swap the thread back in.
Historically, this has been done by waking up proc0 directly from
setrunnable() itself via a wakeup(). When waking up a sleeping thread
that was swapped out (the usual case when waking proc0 since only sleeping
threads are eligible to be swapped out), this resulted in a bit of
recursion (e.g. wakeup() -> setrunnable() -> wakeup()).
With sleep queues having separate locks in 6.x and later, this caused a
spin lock LOR (sleepq lock -> sched_lock/thread lock -> sleepq lock).
An attempt was made to fix this in 7.0 by making the proc0 wakeup use
the ithread mechanism for doing the wakeup. However, this required
grabbing proc0's thread lock to perform the wakeup. If proc0 was asleep
elsewhere in the kernel (e.g. waiting for disk I/O), then this degenerated
into the same LOR since the thread lock would be some other sleepq lock.
Fix this by deferring the wakeup of the swapper until after the sleepq
lock held by the upper layer has been locked. The setrunnable() routine
now returns a boolean value to indicate whether or not proc0 needs to be
woken up. The end result is that consumers of the sleepq API such as
*sleep/wakeup, condition variables, sx locks, and lockmgr, have to wakeup
proc0 if they get a non-zero return value from sleepq_abort(),
sleepq_broadcast(), or sleepq_signal().
Discussed with: jeff
Glanced at by: sam
Tested by: Jurgen Weber jurgen - ish com au
MFC after: 2 weeks
to downgrade the exclusive lock to shared one when exclusive lock owner
requested shared lock. New lockmgr panics instead.
The vnode_pager_lock function requests shared lock on the vnode backing
the OBJT_VNODE, and can be called when the current thread already holds
an exlcusive lock on the vnode. For instance, it happens when handling
page fault from the VOP_WRITE() uiomove that writes to the file, with
the faulted in page fetched from the vm object backed by the same file.
We then get the situation described above.
Verify whether the vnode is already exclusively locked by the curthread
and request recursed exclusive vnode lock instead of shared, if true.
Reported by: gallatin
Discussed with: attilio
for the bio for swapout write. It allows the page allocator to drain
free page list deeper. As result, a deadlock where pageout deamon sleeps
waiting for bio to be allocated for swapout is no more reproducable in
practice.
Alan said that M_USE_RESERVE shall be ressurrected and used there, but
until this is implemented, M_NOWAIT does exactly what is needed.
Tested by: pho, kris
Reviewed by: alc
No objections from: phk
MFC after: 2 weeks (RELENG_7 only)
on the amd64 architecture. The amd64 architecture requires kernel code and
global variables to reside in the highest 2GB of the 64-bit virtual address
space. Thus, the memory allocated during bootstrap, before the call to
kmem_init(), starts at KERNBASE, which is not necessarily the same as
VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS on amd64.
PowerPC/AIM. Consequently, it should not be used to determine the maximum
number of kernel map entries. Intead, use VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS, which marks
the start of the kernel map on all architectures.
Tested by: marcel@ (PowerPC/AIM)
work. (Moreover, I don't believe that they have ever worked as intended.)
The explanation is fairly simple. Both MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE perform
vm_page_dontneed() on each page within the range given to madvise(). This
function moves the page to the inactive queue. Specifically, if the page is
clean, it is moved to the head of the inactive queue where it is first in
line for processing by the page daemon. On the other hand, if it is dirty,
it is placed at the tail. Let's further examine the case in which the page
is clean. Recall that the page is at the head of the line for processing by
the page daemon. The expectation of vm_page_dontneed()'s author was that
the page would be transferred from the inactive queue to the cache queue by
the page daemon. (Once the page is in the cache queue, it is, in effect,
free, that is, it can be reallocated to a new vm object by vm_page_alloc()
if it isn't reactivated quickly enough by a user of the old vm object.) The
trouble is that nowhere in the execution of either MADV_DONTNEED or
MADV_FREE is either the machine-independent reference flag (PG_REFERENCED)
or the reference bit in any page table entry (PTE) mapping the page cleared.
Consequently, the immediate reaction of the page daemon is to reactivate the
page because it is referenced. In effect, the madvise() was for naught.
The case in which the page was dirty is not too different. Instead of being
laundered, the page is reactivated.
Note: The essential difference between MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE is
that MADV_FREE clears a page's dirty field. So, MADV_FREE is always
executing the clean case above.
This revision changes vm_page_dontneed() to clear both the machine-
independent reference flag (PG_REFERENCED) and the reference bit in all PTEs
mapping the page.
MFC after: 6 weeks
entirety of the specified range be mapped. Specifically, it has
returned EINVAL if the entire range is not mapped. There is not,
however, any basis for this in either SuSv2 or our own man page.
Moreover, neither Linux nor Solaris impose this requirement. This
revision removes this requirement.
Submitted by: Tijl Coosemans
PR: 118510
MFC after: 6 weeks
Directory IO without a VM object will store data in 'malloced' buffers
severely limiting caching of the data. Without this change VM objects for
directories are only created on an open() of the directory.
TODO: Inline test if VM object already exists to avoid locking/function call
overhead.
Tested by: kris@
Reviewed by: jeff@
Reported by: David Filo
superpage-aligned virtual address for the mapping. Revision 1.65
implemented an overly simplistic and generally ineffectual method for
finding a superpage-aligned virtual address. Specifically, it rounds
the virtual address corresponding to the end of the data segment up to
the next superpage-aligned virtual address. If this virtual address
is unallocated, then the device will be mapped using superpages.
Unfortunately, in modern times, where applications like the X server
dynamically load much of their code, this virtual address is already
allocated. In such cases, mmap(2) simply uses the first available
virtual address, which is not necessarily superpage aligned.
This revision changes mmap(2) to use a more robust method,
specifically, the VMFS_ALIGNED_SPACE option that is now implemented by
vm_map_find().
physical address of the device's memory. This enables
pmap_align_superpage() to propose a virtual address for mapping the
device memory that permits the use of superpage mappings.
used to request superpage alignment for the submap.
Request superpage alignment for the kmem_map.
Pass VMFS_ANY_SPACE instead of TRUE to vm_map_find(). (They are currently
equivalent but VMFS_ANY_SPACE is the new preferred spelling.)
Remove a stale comment from kmem_malloc().
support for VMFS_ALIGNED_SPACE, which requests the allocation of an
address range best suited to superpages. The old options TRUE and FALSE
are mapped to VMFS_ANY_SPACE and VMFS_NO_SPACE, so that there is no
immediate need to update all of vm_map_find(9)'s callers.
While I'm here, correct a misstatement about vm_map_find(9)'s return
values in the man page.
variables and sysctl nodes.
- In reset walk the children of kern_sched_stats and reset the counters
via the oid_arg1 pointer. This allows us to add arbitrary counters to
the tree and still reset them properly.
- Define a set of switch types to be passed with flags to mi_switch().
These types are named SWT_*. These types correspond to SCHED_STATS
counters and are automatically handled in this way.
- Make the new SWT_ types more specific than the older switch stats.
There are now stats for idle switches, remote idle wakeups, remote
preemption ithreads idling, etc.
- Add switch statistics for ULE's pickcpu algorithm. These stats include
how much migration there is, how often affinity was successful, how
often threads were migrated to the local cpu on wakeup, etc.
Sponsored by: Nokia
contigmalloc(9) as a last resort to steal pages from an inactive,
partially-used superpage reservation.
Rename vm_reserv_reclaim() to vm_reserv_reclaim_inactive() and
refactor it so that a separate subroutine is responsible for breaking
the selected reservation. This subroutine is also used by
vm_reserv_reclaim_contig().
UMA_SLAB_KERNEL for consistency with its sibling UMA_SLAB_KMEM.
(UMA_SLAB_KMAP met its original demise in revision 1.30 of
vm/uma_core.c.) UMA_SLAB_KERNEL is now required by the jumbo frame
allocators. Without it, UMA cannot correctly return pages from the
jumbo frame zones to the VM system because it resets the pages' object
field to NULL instead of the kernel object. In more detail, the jumbo
frame zones are created with the option UMA_ZONE_REFCNT. This causes
UMA to overwrite the pages' object field with the address of the slab.
However, when UMA wants to release these pages, it doesn't know how to
restore the object field, so it sets it to NULL. This change teaches
UMA how to reset the object field to the kernel object.
Crashes reported by: kris
Fix tested by: kris
Fix discussed with: jeff
MFC after: 6 weeks
vm_object_reference(). This is intended to get rid of vget()
consumers who don't wish to acquire a lock. This is functionally
the same as calling vref(). vm_object_reference_locked() already
uses vref.
Discussed with: alc
obtain the reference. In particular, this fixes the panic reported in
the PR. Remove the comments stating that this needs to be done.
PR: kern/119422
MFC after: 1 week
requiring the per-process spinlock to only requiring the process lock.
- Reflect these changes in the proc.h documentation and consumers throughout
the kernel. This is a substantial reduction in locking cost for these
fields and was made possible by recent changes to threading support.
vm/vm_contig.c, vm/vm_page.c, and vm/vm_pageq.c. Today, vm/vm_pageq.c
has withered to the point that it contains only four short functions,
two of which are only used by vm/vm_page.c. Since I can't foresee any
reason for vm/vm_pageq.c to grow, it is time to fold the remaining
contents of vm/vm_pageq.c back into vm/vm_page.c.
Add some comments. Rename one of the functions, vm_pageq_enqueue(),
that is now static within vm/vm_page.c to vm_page_enqueue().
Eliminate PQ_MAXCOUNT as it no longer serves any purpose.
Instead of checking each page for PG_UNMANAGED, perform a one-time
check whether the object is OBJT_PHYS. (PG_UNMANAGED pages only
belong to OBJT_PHYS objects.)
after each SYSINIT() macro invocation. This makes a number of
lightweight C parsers much happier with the FreeBSD kernel
source, including cflow's prcc and lxr.
MFC after: 1 month
Discussed with: imp, rink
While the KSE project was quite successful in bringing threading to
FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the kse library was never developed
to its full potential. Backwards compatibility will be provided via
libmap.conf for dynamically linked binaries and static binaries will
be broken.
sched_sleep(). This removes extra thread_lock() acquisition and
allows the scheduler to decide what to do with the static boost.
- Change the priority arguments to cv_* to match sleepq/msleep/etc.
where 0 means no priority change. Catch -1 in cv_broadcastpri() and
convert it to 0 for now.
- Set a flag when sleeping in a way that is compatible with swapping
since direct priority comparisons are meaningless now.
- Add a sysctl to ule, kern.sched.static_boost, that defaults to on which
controls the boost behavior. Turning it off gives better performance
in some workloads but needs more investigation.
- While we're modifying sleepq, change signal and broadcast to both
return with the lock held as the lock was held on enter.
Reviewed by: jhb, peter
Specifically, since the delete-behind heuristic is never applied to a
device-backed object, there is no point in checking whether each of the
object's pages is fictitious. (Only device-backed objects have
fictitious pages.)
structure. This allows per-CPU variations of struct pmap on a
single architecture without affecting the machine-independent
fields. As such, the PMAP variations don't affect the ABI. They
become part of it.
pmap_remove_all() must not be called on fictitious pages. To date,
fictitious pages have been allocated from zeroed memory, effectively
hiding this problem because the fictitious pages appear to have an empty
pv list. Submitted by: Kostik Belousov
Rewrite the comments describing vm_object_page_remove() to better
describe what it does. Add an assertion. Reviewed by: Kostik Belousov
MFC after: 1 week
only anonymous default (OBJT_DEFAULT) and swap (OBJT_SWAP) objects should
ever have OBJ_ONEMAPPING set. However, vm_object_deallocate() was
setting it on device (OBJT_DEVICE) objects. As a result,
vm_object_page_remove() could be called on a device object and if that
occurred pmap_remove_all() would be called on the device object's pages.
However, a device object's pages are fictitious, and fictitious pages do
not have an initialized pv list (struct md_page).
To date, fictitious pages have been allocated from zeroed memory,
effectively hiding this problem. Now, however, the conversion of rotting
diagnostics to invariants in the amd64 and i386 pmaps has revealed the
problem. Specifically, assertion failures have occurred during the
initialization phase of the X server on some hardware.
MFC after: 1 week
Discussed with: Kostik Belousov
Reported by: Michiel Boland
conjuction with 'thread' argument passing which is always curthread.
Remove the unuseful extra-argument and pass explicitly curthread to lower
layer functions, when necessary.
KPI results broken by this change, which should affect several ports, so
version bumping and manpage update will be further committed.
Tested by: kris, pho, Diego Sardina <siarodx at gmail dot com>
address space in kmem map call vm_lowmem event in a loop and wait a bit for
subsystems to reclaim some memory which in turn will reclaim address space as
well.
Note, this is a work-around.
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: alc
MFC after: 3 days
Remove this argument and pass curthread directly to underlying
VOP_LOCK1() VFS method. This modify makes the code cleaner and in
particular remove an annoying dependence helping next lockmgr() cleanup.
KPI results, obviously, changed.
Manpage and FreeBSD_version will be updated through further commits.
As a side note, would be valuable to say that next commits will address
a similar cleanup about VFS methods, in particular vop_lock1 and
vop_unlock.
Tested by: Diego Sardina <siarodx at gmail dot com>,
Andrea Di Pasquale <whyx dot it at gmail dot com>
implement shm_open(2) and shm_unlink(2) in the kernel:
- Each shared memory file descriptor is associated with a swap-backed vm
object which provides the backing store. Each descriptor starts off with
a size of zero, but the size can be altered via ftruncate(2). The shared
memory file descriptors also support fstat(2). read(2), write(2),
ioctl(2), select(2), poll(2), and kevent(2) are not supported on shared
memory file descriptors.
- shm_open(2) and shm_unlink(2) are now implemented as system calls that
manage shared memory file descriptors. The virtual namespace that maps
pathnames to shared memory file descriptors is implemented as a hash
table where the hash key is generated via the 32-bit Fowler/Noll/Vo hash
of the pathname.
- As an extension, the constant 'SHM_ANON' may be specified in place of the
path argument to shm_open(2). In this case, an unnamed shared memory
file descriptor will be created similar to the IPC_PRIVATE key for
shmget(2). Note that the shared memory object can still be shared among
processes by sharing the file descriptor via fork(2) or sendmsg(2), but
it is unnamed. This effectively serves to implement the getmemfd() idea
bandied about the lists several times over the years.
- The backing store for shared memory file descriptors are garbage
collected when they are not referenced by any open file descriptors or
the shm_open(2) virtual namespace.
Submitted by: dillon, peter (previous versions)
Submitted by: rwatson (I based this on his version)
Reviewed by: alc (suggested converting getmemfd() to shm_open())
assertion hit in swapoff_one() when we un-mount a swap partition. We
should be using curthread where we used thread0 before. This change
also replaces the thread argument with a credential argument, as the
MAC framework only requires the cred.
It should be noted that this allows the machine to be rebooted without
panicing with "cannot differ from curthread or NULL" when MAC is enabled.
Submitted by: rwatson
Reviewed by: attilio
MFC after: 2 weeks
queues lock is acquired. Otherwise, the state of a reservation's
pages' flags and its population count can be inconsistent. That could
result in a page being freed twice.
Reported by: kris
machine-independent support for superpages. (The earlier part was
the rewrite of the physical memory allocator.) The remainder of the
code required for superpages support is machine-dependent and will
be added to the various pmap implementations at a later date.
Initially, I am only supporting one large page size per architecture.
Moreover, I am only enabling the reservation system on amd64. (In
an emergency, it can be disabled by setting VM_NRESERVLEVELS to 0
in amd64/include/vmparam.h or your kernel configuration file.)
Recycle the vm object's "pg_color" field to represent the color of the
first virtual page address at which the object is mapped instead of the
color of the object's first physical page. Since an object may not be
mapped, introduce a flag "OBJ_COLORED" that indicates whether "pg_color"
is valid.
page to be in the free lists. Instead, it now returns TRUE if it
removed the page from the free lists and FALSE if the page was not
in the free lists.
This change is required to support superpage reservations. Specifically,
once reservations are introduced, a cached page can either be in the
free lists or a reservation.
linker interfaces for looking up function names and offsets from
instruction pointers. Create two variants of each call: one that is
"DDB-safe" and avoids locking in the linker, and one that is safe for
use in live kernels, by virtue of observing locking, and in particular
safe when kernel modules are being loaded and unloaded simultaneous to
their use. This will allow them to be used outside of debugging
contexts.
Modify two of three current stack(9) consumers to use the DDB-safe
interfaces, as they run in low-level debugging contexts, such as inside
lockmgr(9) and the kernel memory allocator.
Update man page.
vm_pageout_fallback_object_lock() in vm_contig_launder_page() to better
handle a lock-ordering problem. Consequently, trylock's failure on the
page's containing object no longer implies that the page cannot be
laundered.
MFC after: 6 weeks
malloc_type_allocated(..., 0) calls that occur when contigmalloc() has
failed. Eliminate the acquisition and release of the page queues lock
from vm_page_release_contig(). Rename contigmalloc2() to
contigmapping(), reflecting what it does.
comments from vnode_pager_setsize(). This call was introduced in
revision 1.140 to address a problem that no longer exists.
Specifically, pmap_zero_page_area() has replaced a (possibly)
problematic implementation of page zeroing that was based on
vm_pager_map(), bzero(), and vm_pager_unmap().
First, a file is mmap(2)ed and then mlock(2)ed. Later, it is truncated.
Under "normal" circumstances, i.e., when the file is not mlock(2)ed, the
pages beyond the EOF are unmapped and freed. However, when the file is
mlock(2)ed, the pages beyond the EOF are unmapped but not freed because
they have a non-zero wire count. This can be a mistake. Specifically,
it is a mistake if the sole reason why the pages are wired is because of
wired, managed mappings. Previously, unmapping the pages destroys these
wired, managed mappings, but does not reduce the pages' wire count.
Consequently, when the file is unmapped, the pages are not unwired
because the wired mapping has been destroyed. Moreover, when the vm
object is finally destroyed, the pages are leaked because they are still
wired. The fix is to reduce the pages' wired count by the number of
wired, managed mappings destroyed. To do this, I introduce a new pmap
function pmap_page_wired_mappings() that returns the number of managed
mappings to the given physical page that are wired, and I use this
function in vm_object_page_remove().
Reviewed by: tegge
MFC after: 6 weeks
silent NULL pointer dereference in the i386 and sparc64 pmap_pinit()
when the kmem_alloc_nofault() failed to allocate address space. Both
functions now return error instead of panicing or dereferencing NULL.
As consequence, vmspace_exec() and vmspace_unshare() returns the errno
int. struct vmspace arg was added to vm_forkproc() to avoid dealing
with failed allocation when most of the fork1() job is already done.
The kernel stack for the thread is now set up in the thread_alloc(),
that itself may return NULL. Also, allocation of the first process
thread is performed in the fork1() to properly deal with stack
allocation failure. proc_linkup() is separated into proc_linkup()
called from fork1(), and proc_linkup0(), that is used to set up the
kernel process (was known as swapper).
In collaboration with: Peter Holm
Reviewed by: jhb
default object rather than cache it was to have
vm_pager_has_page(object, pindex, ...) == FALSE to imply that there is
no cached page in object at pindex. This allows to avoid explicit
checks for cached pages in vm_object_backing_scan().
For now, we need the same bandaid for the swap object, otherwise both
the vm_page_lookup() and the pager can report that there is no page at
offset, while page is stored in the cache. Also, this fixes another
instance of the KASSERT("object type is incompatible") failure in the
vm_page_cache_transfer().
Reported and tested by: Peter Holm
Reviewed by: alc
MFC after: 3 days
that would have an offset beyond the end of the target object. Such
pages should remain in the source object.
MFC after: 3 days
Diagnosed and reviewed by: Kostik Belousov
Reported and tested by: Peter Holm
from Mac OS X Leopard--rationalize naming for entry points to
the following general forms:
mac_<object>_<method/action>
mac_<object>_check_<method/action>
The previous naming scheme was inconsistent and mostly
reversed from the new scheme. Also, make object types more
consistent and remove spaces from object types that contain
multiple parts ("posix_sem" -> "posixsem") to make mechanical
parsing easier. Introduce a new "netinet" object type for
certain IPv4/IPv6-related methods. Also simplify, slightly,
some entry point names.
All MAC policy modules will need to be recompiled, and modules
not updates as part of this commit will need to be modified to
conform to the new KPI.
Sponsored by: SPARTA (original patches against Mac OS X)
Obtained from: TrustedBSD Project, Apple Computer
cache: vnode_pager_setsize() must handle the case where a file is
truncated to a non-page-size-aligned boundary and there is a cached
page underlying the new end of file.
Reported by: kris, tegge
Tested by: kris
MFC after: 3 days
since revision 1.1. Specifically, neither traversal of the vm map checks
whether the end of the vm map has been reached. Consequently, the first
traversal can wrap around and bogusly return an error.
This error has gone unnoticed for so long because no one had ever before
tried msync(2)ing a region above the stack.
Reported by: peter
MFC after: 1 week
to kproc_xxx as they actually make whole processes.
Thos makes way for us to add REAL kthread_create() and friends
that actually make theads. it turns out that most of these
calls actually end up being moved back to the thread version
when it's added. but we need to make this cosmetic change first.
I'd LOVE to do this rename in 7.0 so that we can eventually MFC the
new kthread_xxx() calls.
it must first ensure that the page is no longer mapped. This is
trivially accomplished by calling pmap_remove_all() a little earlier
in vm_page_cache(). While I'm in the neighborbood, make a related
panic message a little more useful.
Approved by: re (kensmith)
Reported by: Peter Holm and Konstantin Belousov
Reviewed by: Konstantin Belousov
a consequence of sparc64/sparc64/vm_machdep.c revision 1.76. It occurs
when uma_small_free() frees a page. The solution has two parts: (1) Mark
pages allocated with VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ as PG_UNMANAGED. (2) Defer the lock
assertion in pmap_page_is_mapped() until after PG_UNMANAGED is tested.
This is safe because both PG_UNMANAGED and PG_FICTITIOUS are immutable
flags, i.e., they do not change state between the time that a page is
allocated and freed.
Approved by: re (kensmith)
PR: 116794
cache: vm_object_page_remove() should convert any cached pages that
fall with the specified range to free pages. Otherwise, there could
be a problem if a file is first truncated and then regrown.
Specifically, some old data from prior to the truncation might reappear.
Generalize vm_page_cache_free() to support the conversion of either a
subset or the entirety of an object's cached pages.
Reported by: tegge
Reviewed by: tegge
Approved by: re (kensmith)
ways:
(1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page
splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object
splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object
splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be
confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a
cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the
object's lock or the page queues lock.
This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon.
Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of
CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache
queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of
this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed
when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache().
However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page
required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock
was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its
root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock.
Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and
memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages
are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead,
this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of
synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because
reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary
splay tree and memq.
(2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical
memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large
allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will
succeed.
Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when
and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by
vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to
vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and
return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9)
specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail.
Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@,
Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@
Tested by: an earlier version by kris@
Approved by: re (kensmith)
changes the units from seconds to the value of 'ticks' when swapped
in/out. ULE does not have a periodic timer that scans all threads in
the system and as such maintaining a per-second counter is difficult.
- Change computations requiring the unit in seconds to subtract ticks
and divide by hz. This does make the wraparound condition hz times
more frequent but this is still in the range of several months to
years and the adverse effects are minimal.
Approved by: re
- p_sflag was mostly protected by PROC_LOCK rather than the PROC_SLOCK or
previously the sched_lock. These bugs have existed for some time.
- Allow swapout to try each thread in a process individually and then
swapin the whole process if any of these fail. This allows us to move
most scheduler related swap flags into td_flags.
- Keep ki_sflag for backwards compat but change all in source tools to
use the new and more correct location of P_INMEM.
Reported by: pho
Reviewed by: attilio, kib
Approved by: re (kensmith)
status after vm_pager_put_pages() is VM_PAGER_PEND, then it could have
already been recycled, i.e., freed and reallocated to a new purpose;
thus, asserting that such pages cannot be written is inappropriate.
Reported by: kris
Submitted by: tegge
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 1 week
For this, introduce vm_map_fixed() that does that for MAP_FIXED case.
Dropping the lock allowed for parallel thread to occupy the freed space.
Reported by: Tijl Coosemans <tijl ulyssis org>
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 2 weeks
sys/vm/device_pager.c:
Protect the creation of the phys pager with non-NULL handle with the
phys_pager_mtx. Lookup of phys pager in the pagers list by handle is now
synchronized with its removal from the list, and phys_pager_mtx is put
before vm object lock in lock order. Dispose the phys_pager_alloc_lock
and tsleep calls, together with acquiring Giant, since phys_pager_mtx
now covers the same block.
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
of device pager in the pagers list by handle is now synchronized with
its removal from the list, and dev_pager_mtx is put before vm object
lock in lock order. Dispose the dev_pager_sx lock, since dev_pager_mtx
now covers the same block.
Noted by: kensmith
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
vm_object_terminate() on a device-backed object at the same time that
another processor, call it Pa, is performing dev_pager_alloc() on the
same device. The problem is that vm_pager_object_lookup() should not be
allowed to return a doomed object, i.e., an object with OBJ_DEAD set,
but it does. In detail, the unfortunate sequence of events is: Pt in
vm_object_terminate() holds the doomed object's lock and sets OBJ_DEAD
on the object. Pa in dev_pager_alloc() holds dev_pager_sx and calls
vm_pager_object_lookup(), which returns the doomed object. Next, Pa
calls vm_object_reference(), which requires the doomed object's lock, so
Pa waits for Pt to release the doomed object's lock. Pt proceeds to the
point in vm_object_terminate() where it releases the doomed object's
lock. Pa is now able to complete vm_object_reference() because it can
now complete the acquisition of the doomed object's lock. So, now the
doomed object has a reference count of one! Pa releases dev_pager_sx
and returns the doomed object from dev_pager_alloc(). Pt now acquires
dev_pager_mtx, removes the doomed object from dev_pager_object_list,
releases dev_pager_mtx, and finally calls uma_zfree with the doomed
object. However, the doomed object is still in use by Pa.
Repeating my key point, vm_pager_object_lookup() must not return a
doomed object. Moreover, the test for the object's state, i.e.,
doomed or not, and the increment of the object's reference count
should be carried out atomically.
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 3 weeks
d_mmap methods. prep_cdevsw() already installs the shims that
acquire/drop Giant for the methods of a driver that specified the
D_NEEDGIANT flag.
Reviewed by: alc
Approved by: re (kensmith)
1. Rewrite the backward scan. Specifically, reverse the order in which
pages are allocated so that upon failure it is never necessary to
free pages that were just allocated. Moreover, any allocated pages
can be put to use. This makes the backward scan behave just like the
forward scan.
2. Eliminate an explicit, unsynchronized check for low memory before
calling vm_page_alloc(). It serves no useful purpose. It is, in
effect, optimizing the uncommon case at the expense of the common
case.
Approved by: re (hrs)
MFC after: 3 weeks
vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to
vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to
vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page
queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional
changes.
Approved by: re (hrs)
vm_page_cowfault(). Initially, if vm_page_cowfault() sleeps, the given
page is wired, preventing it from being recycled. However, when
transmission of the page completes, the page is unwired and returned to
the page queues. At that point, the page is not in any special state
that prevents it from being recycled. Consequently, vm_page_cowfault()
should verify that the page is still held by the same vm object before
retrying the replacement of the page. Note: The containing object is,
however, safe from being recycled by virtue of having a non-zero
paging-in-progress count.
While I'm here, add some assertions and comments.
Approved by: re (rwatson)
MFC After: 3 weeks
vm_fault_additional_pages() that was introduced in revision 1.47. Then
as now, it is unnecessary because dev_pager_haspage() returns zero for
both the number of pages to read ahead and read behind, producing the
same exact behavior by vm_fault_additional_pages() as the special case
handling.
Approved by: re (rwatson)
tracks the total number of reactivated pages. (We have not been
counting reactivations by vm_fault() since revision 1.46.)
Correct a comment in vm_fault_additional_pages().
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 1 week
of Giant in vm_pageout_scan() with VFS_LOCK_GIANT(), I had to eliminate
the acquisition of the vnode interlock before releasing the vm object's
lock because the vnode interlock cannot be held when VFS_LOCK_GIANT() is
performed. Unfortunately, this allows the vnode to be recycled between
the release of the vm object's lock and the vget() on the vnode.
In this revision, I prevent the vnode from being recycled by acquiring
another reference to the vm object and underlying vnode before releasing
the vm object's lock.
This change also addresses another preexisting but trivial problem. By
acquiring another reference to the vm object, I also prevent the vm
object from being recycled. Previously, the "vnodes skipped" counter
could be wrong because if it examined a recycled vm object.
Reported by: kib
Reviewed by: kib
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 3 weeks
passed to vm_pageout_clean() cannot possibly be PG_UNMANAGED because
it came from the inactive queue and PG_UNMANAGED pages are not in any
page queue. Moreover, PG_UNMANAGED pages only exist in OBJT_PHYS
objects, and all pages within a OBJT_PHYS object are PG_UNMANAGED.
So, if the page that is passed to vm_pageout_clean() is not
PG_UNMANAGED, then it cannot be from an OBJT_PHYS object and its
neighbors from the same object cannot themselves be PG_UNMANAGED.
Reviewed by: tegge
This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and
foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of
superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation
of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of
contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by
contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...).
The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB
misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed
objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages
that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the
physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most
extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured
an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld.
This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that
superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory
allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored.
Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively
support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is
a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of
the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate
that this is true in general of machines with a direct map.
Approved by: re
In particular:
- Add an explicative table for locking of struct vmmeter members
- Apply new rules for some of those members
- Remove some unuseful comments
Heavily reviewed by: alc, bde, jeff
Approved by: jeff (mentor)
to the build.
This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and
foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of
superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation
of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of
contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by
contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...).
The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB
misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed
objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages
that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the
physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most
extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured
an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld.
This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that
superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory
allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored.
Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively
support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is
a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of
the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate
that this is true in general of machines with a direct map.
Approved by: re
- Use thread_lock() rather than sched_lock for per-thread scheduling
sychronization.
- Use the per-process spinlock rather than the sched_lock for per-process
scheduling synchronization.
Tested by: kris, current@
Tested on: i386, amd64, ULE, 4BSD, libthr, libkse, PREEMPTION, etc.
Discussed with: kris, attilio, kmacy, jhb, julian, bde (small parts each)
Now, we assume no more sched_lock protection for some of them and use the
distribuited loads method for vmmeter (distribuited through CPUs).
Reviewed by: alc, bde
Approved by: jeff (mentor)
- Rename PCPU_LAZY_INC into PCPU_INC
- Add the PCPU_ADD interface which just does an add on the pcpu member
given a specific value.
Note that for most architectures PCPU_INC and PCPU_ADD are not safe.
This is a point that needs some discussions/work in the next days.
Reviewed by: alc, bde
Approved by: jeff (mentor)
td_ru. This removes the requirement for per-process synchronization in
statclock() and mi_switch(). This was previously supported by
sched_lock which is going away. All modifications to rusage are now
done in the context of the owning thread. reads proceed without locks.
- Aggregate exiting threads rusage in thread_exit() such that the exiting
thread's rusage is not lost.
- Provide a new routine, rufetch() to fetch an aggregate of all rusage
structures from all threads in a process. This routine must be used
in any place requiring a rusage from a process prior to it's exit. The
exited process's rusage is still available via p_ru.
- Aggregate tick statistics only on demand via rufetch() or when a thread
exits. Tick statistics are kept in the thread and protected by sched_lock
until it exits.
Initial patch by: attilio
Reviewed by: attilio, bde (some objections), arch (mostly silent)
Probabilly, a general approach is not the better solution here, so we should
solve the sched_lock protection problems separately.
Requested by: alc
Approved by: jeff (mentor)
Change the VOP_OPEN(), vn_open() vnode operation and d_fdopen() cdev operation
argument from being file descriptor index into the pointer to struct file.
Proposed and reviewed by: jhb
Reviewed by: daichi (unionfs)
Approved by: re (kensmith)
These functions are intended to do the same actions of sx_xlock() and
sx_slock() but with the difference to perform an interruptible sleep, so
that sleep can be interrupted by external events.
In order to support these new featueres, some code renstruction is needed,
but external API won't be affected at all.
Note: use "void" cast for "int" returning functions in order to avoid tools
like Coverity prevents to whine.
Requested by: rwatson
Tested by: rwatson
Reviewed by: jhb
Approved by: jeff (mentor)
vm_map_pmap_enter() unless the caller is madvise(MADV_WILLNEED). With
the exception of calls to vm_map_pmap_enter() from
madvise(MADV_WILLNEED), vm_fault_prefault() and vm_map_pmap_enter()
are both used to create speculative mappings. Thus, always
reactivating cached pages is a mistake. In principle, cached pages
should only be reactivated by an actual access. Otherwise, the
following misbehavior can occur. On a hard fault for a text page the
clustering algorithm fetches not only the required page but also
several of the adjacent pages. Now, suppose that one or more of the
adjacent pages are never accessed. Ultimately, these unused pages
become cached pages through the efforts of the page daemon. However,
the next activation of the executable reactivates and maps these
unused pages. Consequently, they are never replaced. In effect, they
become pinned in memory.
vmcnts. This can be used to abstract away pcpu details but also changes
to use atomics for all counters now. This means sched lock is no longer
responsible for protecting counts in the switch routines.
Contributed by: Attilio Rao <attilio@FreeBSD.org>
