single slab, but with alignment adjustment it won't. Again, when
there is only one item in a slab alignment can be ignored. See
previous revision of this file for more info.
PR: 227116
and zone has a large alignment. With alignment taken into
account uk_rsize will be greater than space in a slab. However,
since we have only one item per slab, it is always naturally
aligned.
Code that will panic before this change with 4k page:
z = uma_zcreate("test", 3984, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 31, 0);
uma_zalloc(z, M_WAITOK);
A practical scenario to hit the panic is a machine with 56 CPUs
and 2 NUMA domains, which yields in zone size of 3984.
PR: 227116
MFC after: 2 weeks
per-cpu alloc and free of pages. The cache is filled with as few trips
to the phys allocator as possible by the use of a new
vm_phys_alloc_npages() function which allocates as many as N pages.
This code was originally by markj with the import function rewritten by
me.
Reviewed by: markj, kib
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14905
a cache of fully populated buckets. This will be used in a follow-on
commit.
The flag idea was originally from markj.
Reviewed by: markj, kib
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
There are out of tree consumers of vm_map_min() and vm_map_max(), and
I believe there are consumers of vm_map_pmap(), although the later is
arguably less in the need of KBI-stable interface. For the consumers
benefit, make modules using this KPI not depended on the struct vm_map
layout.
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14902
Rather than using the number of inactive queue scans as a metric for
how many clean pages are being freed by the page daemon, have the
page daemon keep a running counter of the number of pages it has freed,
and have the laundry thread use that when computing the background
laundering threshold.
Reviewed by: kib
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14884
Add a new "interleave" allocation policy which stripes pages across
domains with a stride or width keeping contiguity within a multi-page
region.
Move the kernel to the dedicated numbered cpuset #2 making it possible
to assign kernel threads and memory policy separately from user. This
also eliminates the need for the complicated interrupt binding code.
Add a sysctl API for viewing and manipulating domainsets. Refactor some
of the cpuset_t manipulation code using the generic bitset type so that
it can be used for both. This probably belongs in a dedicated subr file.
Attempt to improve the include situation.
Reviewed by: kib
Discussed with: jhb (cpuset parts)
Tested by: pho (before review feedback)
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14839
should be honored.
We must not sleep or acquire any MI VM locks if TDP_NOFAULTING is
specified. On the other hand, there were some callers in the tree
which set TDP_NOFAULTING for larger scope than needed, I fixed the
code which I wrote, but I suspect that linuxkpi and out of tree drm
drivers might abuse this still.
So only enable the mode for vm_fault_quick_hold_pages() where
vm_fault_hold() is not called when specifically asked by user. I
decided to use vm_prot_t flag to not change KPI. Since number of
flags in vm_prot_t is limited, I reused the same flag which was
already consumed for vm_map_lookup().
Reported and tested by: pho (as part of the larger patch)
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14825
Assert that all such memory is unwired on return to usermode.
The count of the wired memory will be used to detect the copyout mode.
Tested by: pho (as part of the larger patch)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
copyout(9) while owning zone lock.
Despite old value sysctl buffer is wired, spurious faults might still
occur.
Note that we still own the uma_rwlock there, but this lock does not
participate in sensitive lock orders.
Reported and tested by: pho (as part of the larger patch)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
--- vm_reserv.o ---
In file included from /opt/src/svn-current/sys/vm/vm_reserv.c:48:
In file included from /opt/src/svn-current/sys/sys/counter.h:37:
./machine/counter.h:174:3: error: implicit declaration of function
'critical_enter' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declarat
ion]
critical_enter();
Reviewed by: jeff@
vmd_free_count with atomics.
This allows us to allocate and free from reservations without the free lock
except where a superpage is allocated from the physical layer, which is
roughly 1/512 of the operations on amd64.
Use the counter api to eliminate cache conention on counters.
Reviewed by: markj
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14707
It is possible to provide insane values for size in contigmalloc(9)
request, which usually not reaches the phys allocator due to failing
KVA allocation. But with the forthcoming 4/4 i386, where 32bit
architecture has almost 4G KVA, contigmalloc(1G) is not unreasonable
outright and KVA might be available sometimes.
Then, the calculation of pa_end could wrap around, depending on the
physical address, and the checks in vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() would
pass while the iteration in the loop after the 'done' label goes out
of the vm_page_array bounds.
Fix it by detecting the wrap.
Reported and tested by: pho
Reviewed by: alc, markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14767
Such pages are re-enqueued at the end of the fault handler, preserving
LRU. Rather than performing two separate operations per fault, simply
requeue the page at the end of the fault (or bump its activation count
if it resides in PQ_ACTIVE, avoiding the page queue lock entirely).
This elides some page lock and page queue lock operations in common
cases, e.g., CoW faults.
Note that we must still dequeue the source page for "optimized" CoW
faults since the page may not remain enqueued while it is moved to
another object.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 2 weeks
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14625
In many cases the page is not enqueued so the change will have no
effect. However, the change is needed to support an optimization in
the fault handler and in some cases (sendfile, the buffer cache) it
was being emulated by the caller anyway.
Reviewed by: alc
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 2 weeks
X-Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14625
The new page does not belong to a VM object, but the page daemon does
not expect to encounter such pages.
Reviewed by: alc, kib
Tested by: pho
MFC after: 1 week
X-Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14625
vmd_free_count manipulation. Reduce the scope of the free lock by
using a pageout lock to synchronize sleep and wakeup. Only trigger
the pageout daemon on transitions between states. Drive all wakeup
operations directly as side-effects from freeing memory rather than
requiring an additional function call.
Reviewed by: markj, kib
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14612
There, the pages freed might be managed but the page's lock is not
owned. For KPI correctness, the page lock is requried around the call
to vm_page_free_prep(), which is asserted. Reclaim loop already did
the work which could be done by vm_page_free_prep(), so the lock is
not needed and the only consequence of not owning it is the assert
trigger.
Instead of adding the locking to satisfy the assert, revert to the
code that calls vm_page_free_phys() directly.
Reported by: pho
Discussed with: jeff
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
there is a valid reservation. This can trip erroneously when memory
falls within a domain but doesn't have the reservation initialized because
it does not meet size or alignment requirements.
Reported by: pho, mjg
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Page daemon threads for other domains show up in ps(1) output as
"pagedaemon/domN", so let that be the case for domain 0 as well.
Submitted by: Kevin Bowling <kevin.bowling@kev009.com>
MFC after: 1 week
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14518
With r329882, in the absence of a free page shortage we would only take
len(PQ_INACTIVE)+len(PQ_LAUNDRY) into account when deciding whether to
aggressively scan PQ_ACTIVE. Previously we would also include the
number of free pages in this computation, ensuring that we wouldn't scan
PQ_ACTIVE with plenty of free memory available. The change in behaviour
was most noticeable immediately after booting, when PQ_INACTIVE and
PQ_LAUNDRY are nearly empty.
Reviewed by: jeff
There are no parts useful for usermode applications in
vm/vm_pageout.h. Even for the specific applications like fstat and
lsof.
In my opinion, this protection is redundant and instead userspace
should not include the header at all. Since there are apparently
broken third party codebases, give them a bit of slack by providing
transitional period.
Reported by: julian
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
After r328977, a wired page m may have m->queue != PQ_NONE.
Reviewed by: kib
X-MFC with: r328977
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14485
use it to regulate page daemon output.
This provides much smoother and more responsive page daemon output, anticipating
demand and avoiding pageout stalls by increasing the number of pages to match
the workload. This is a reimplementation of work done by myself and mlaier at
Isilon.
Reviewed by: bsdimp
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14402
Make vm_wait() take the vm_object argument which specifies the domain
set to wait for the min condition pass. If there is no object
associated with the wait, use curthread' policy domainset. The
mechanics of the wait in vm_wait() and vm_wait_domain() is supplied by
the new helper vm_wait_doms(), which directly takes the bitmask of the
domains to wait for passing min condition.
Eliminate pagedaemon_wait(). vm_domain_clear() handles the same
operations.
Eliminate VM_WAIT and VM_WAITPFAULT macros, the direct functions calls
are enough.
Eliminate several control state variables from vm_domain, unneeded
after the vm_wait() conversion.
Scetched and reviewed by: jeff
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation, Mellanox Technologies
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14384
From the submitter description:
The process is forked transitioning a map entry to COW
Thread A writes to a page on the map entry, faults, updates the pmap to
writable at a new phys addr, and starts TLB invalidations...
Thread B acquires a lock, writes to a location on the new phys addr, and
releases the lock
Thread C acquires the lock, reads from the location on the old phys addr...
Thread A ...continues the TLB invalidations which are completed
Thread C ...reads from the location on the new phys addr, and releases
the lock
In this example Thread B and C [lock, use and unlock] properly and
neither own the lock at the same time. Thread A was writing somewhere
else on the page and so never had/needed the lock. Thread C sees a
location that is only ever read|modified under a lock change beneath
it while it is the lock owner.
To fix this, perform the two-stage update of the copied PTE. First,
the PTE is updated with the address of the new physical page with
copied content, but in read-only mode. The pmap locking and the page
busy state during PTE update and TLB invalidation IPIs ensure that any
writer to the page cannot upgrade the PTE to the writable state until
all CPUs updated their TLB to not cache old mapping. Then, after the
busy state of the page is lifted, the faults for write can proceed and
do not violate the consistency of the reads.
The change is done in vm_fault because most architectures do need IPIs
to invalidate remote TLBs. More, I think that hardware guarantees of
atomicity of the remote TLB invalidation are not enough to prevent the
inconsistent reads of non-atomic reads, like multi-word accesses
protected by a lock. So instead of modifying each pmap invalidation
code, I did it there.
Discovered and analyzed by: Elliott.Rabe@dell.com
Reviewed by: markj
PR: 225584 (appeared to have the same cause)
Tested by: Elliott.Rabe@dell.com, emaste, Mike Tancsa <mike@sentex.net>, truckman
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14347
If the map entry elookup was performed due to the mapping changes, we
need to ensure that there is still some access permission bit
requested which is compatible with the current vm_map_entry mode. If
not, restart the handler from scratch instead of trying to save the
current progress.
Also adjust fault_type to not include cleared permission bits.
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14347
Suppose that we have an object with a mapped superpage, and that all
pages in the superpages are held (by some driver). Additionally,
suppose that the object is terminated, e.g. because the only process
mapping it is exiting. Then the reservation is broken, but the pages
cannot be freed until later, when they are unheld. In this situation,
the reservation code cannot clean psind, since no pages are freed, and
the page is freed and then reused with invalid psind.
Clean psind on vm_reserv_break() to avoid the situation.
Reported and tested by: Slava Shwartsman
Reviewed by: markj
Sponsored by: Mellanox Technologies
MFC after: 1 week
Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14335
significant source of cache line contention from vm_page_alloc(). Use
accessors and vm_page_unwire_noq() so that the mechanism can be easily
changed in the future.
Reviewed by: markj
Discussed with: kib, glebius
Tested by: pho (earlier version)
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14273
size of UMA zone allocation is greater than page size. In this case zone
of zones can not use UMA_MD_SMALL_ALLOC, and we need to postpone switch
off of this zone from startup_alloc() until full launch of VM.
o Always supply number of VM zones to uma_startup_count(). On machines
with UMA_MD_SMALL_ALLOC ignore it completely, unless zsize goes over
a page. In the latter case account VM zones for number of allocations
from the zone of zones.
o Rewrite startup_alloc() so that it will immediately switch off from
itself any zone that is already capable of running real alloc.
In worst case scenario we may leak a single page here. See comment
in uma_startup_count().
o Hardcode call to uma_startup2() into vm_mem_init(). Otherwise some
extra SYSINITs, e.g. vm_page_init() may sneak in before.
o While here, remove uma_boot_pages_mtx. With recent changes to boot
pages calculation, we are guaranteed to use all of the boot_pages
in the early single threaded stage.
Reported & tested by: mav
o Most of startup zones have struct uma_slab embedded into the slab,
so provide macro UMA_SLAB_SPACE and use it instead of UMA_SLAB_SIZE,
when calculating how many pages would certain kind of allocations
require. Some zones are offpage, so we might have a positive inaccuracy.
o The keg for the zone of zones is allocated "dynamically", so we
need +1 when calculating amount of pages for kegs. [1]
o The zones of zones and zones of kegs have arbitrary alignment of 32,
and this also needs to be accounted for. [2]
While here, spread more comments and improve diagnostic messages.
Reported by: pho [1], jtl [2]
Previously, wiring a page would cause it to be removed from its page
queue. In the common case, unwiring causes it to be enqueued at the tail
of that page queue. This change modifies vm_page_wire() to not dequeue
the page, thus avoiding the highly contended page queue locks. Instead,
vm_page_unwire() takes care of requeuing the page as a single operation,
and the page daemon dequeues wired pages as they are encountered during
a queue scan to avoid needlessly revisiting them later. For pages in
PQ_ACTIVE we do even better, since a requeue is unnecessary.
The change improves scalability for some common workloads. For instance,
threads wiring pages into the buffer cache no longer need to modify
global page queues, and unwiring is usually done by the bufspace thread,
so concurrency is not as much of an issue. As another example, many
sysctl handlers wire the output buffer to avoid faults on copyout, and
since the buffer is likely to be in PQ_ACTIVE, we now entirely avoid
modifying the page queue in this case.
The change also adds a block comment describing some properties of
struct vm_page's reference counters, and the busy lock.
Reviewed by: jeff
Discussed with: alc, kib
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D11943
global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock
from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more
of a first class object.
Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin
Tested by: pho
Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
o Call uma_startup1() after initializing kmem, vmem and domains.
o Include 8 eight VM startup pages into uma_startup_count() calculation.
o Account for vmem_startup() and vm_map_startup() preallocating pages.
o Account for extra two allocations done by kmem_init() and vmem_create().
o Hardcode the place of execution of vm_radix_reserve_kva(). Using SYSINIT
allowed several other SYSINITs to sneak in before it, thus bumping
requirement for amount of boot pages.
for UMA startup.
o Introduce another stage of UMA startup, which is entered after
vm_page_startup() finishes. After this stage we don't yet enable buckets,
but we can ask VM for pages. Rename stages to meaningful names while here.
New list of stages: BOOT_COLD, BOOT_STRAPPED, BOOT_PAGEALLOC, BOOT_BUCKETS,
BOOT_RUNNING.
Enabling page alloc earlier allows us to dramatically reduce number of
boot pages required. What is more important number of zones becomes
consistent across different machines, as no MD allocations are done before
the BOOT_PAGEALLOC stage. Now only UMA internal zones actually need to use
startup_alloc(), however that may change, so vm_page_startup() provides
its need for early zones as argument.
o Introduce uma_startup_count() function, to avoid code duplication. The
functions calculates sizes of zones zone and kegs zone, and calculates how
many pages UMA will need to bootstrap.
It counts not only of zone structures, but also of kegs, slabs and hashes.
o Hide uma_startup_foo() declarations from public file.
o Provide several DIAGNOSTIC printfs on boot_pages usage.
o Bugfix: when calculating zone of zones size use (mp_maxid + 1) instead of
mp_ncpus. Use resulting number not only in the size argument to zone_ctor()
but also as args.size.
Reviewed by: imp, gallatin (earlier version)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14054
