.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)rdist.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/17/94 .\" .Dd March 17, 1994 .Dt RDIST 1 .Os BSD 4.3 .Sh NAME .Nm rdist .Nd remote file distribution program .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl nqbRhivwy .Op Fl P Ar rshcmd .Op Fl f Ar distfile .Op Fl d Ar var=value .Op Fl m Ar host .Op Ar name ... .Nm .Op Fl nqbRhivwy .Op Fl P Ar rshcmd .Fl c .Ar name ... .Oo login@ Oc Ns Ar host Ns Op :dest .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm Rdist is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. .Nm Rdist reads commands from .Ar distfile to direct the updating of files and/or directories. .Pp Options specific to the first SYNOPSIS form: .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl If .Ar distfile is .Sq Fl , the standard input is used. .It Fl f Ar distfile Use the specified .Ar distfile . .El .Pp If either the .Fl f or .Sq Fl option is not specified, the program looks first for .Dq Pa distfile , then .Dq Pa Distfile to use as the input. If no names are specified on the command line, .Nm will update all of the files and directories listed in .Ar distfile . Otherwise, the argument is taken to be the name of a file to be updated or the label of a command to execute. If label and file names conflict, it is assumed to be a label. These may be used together to update specific files using specific commands. .Pp Options specific to the second SYNOPSIS form: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl c .It Fl c Forces .Nm to interpret the remaining arguments as a small .Ar distfile . .Pp The equivalent distfile is as follows. .Pp .Bd -filled -offset indent -compact .Pq Ar name ... .Li -> .Op Ar login@ .Ar host .Bd -filled -offset indent -compact .Li install .Op Ar dest ; .Ed .Ed .El .Pp Options common to both forms: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ic .It Fl P Ar rshcmd Alternative program to provide .Xr rsh 1 -like transport to the remote server. It must provide a binary-transparent path to the remote server, and must have a command argument syntax that is compatible with .Xr rsh 1 . .It Fl d Ar var=value Define .Ar var to have .Ar value . The .Fl d option is used to define or override variable definitions in the .Ar distfile . .Ar Value can be the empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by parentheses and separated by tabs and/or spaces. .It Fl h Follow symbolic links. Copy the file that the link points to rather than the link itself. .It Fl i Ignore unresolved links. .Nm Rdist will normally try to maintain the link structure of files being transferred and warn the user if all the links cannot be found. .It Fl m Ar host Limit which machines are to be updated. Multiple .Fl m arguments can be given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed in the .Ar distfile . .It Fl n Print the commands without executing them. This option is useful for debugging .Ar distfile . .It Fl q Quiet mode. Files that are being modified are normally printed on standard output. The .Fl q option suppresses this. .It Fl R Remove extraneous files. If a directory is being updated, any files that exist on the remote host that do not exist in the master directory are removed. This is useful for maintaining truly identical copies of directories. .It Fl v Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts. Any files that are out of date will be displayed but no files will be changed nor any mail sent. .It Fl w Whole mode. The whole file name is appended to the destination directory name. Normally, only the last component of a name is used when renaming files. This will preserve the directory structure of the files being copied instead of flattening the directory structure. For example, renaming a list of files such as ( dir1/f1 dir2/f2 ) to dir3 would create files dir3/dir1/f1 and dir3/dir2/f2 instead of dir3/f1 and dir3/f2. .It Fl y Younger mode. Files are normally updated if their .Ar mtime and .Ar size (see .Xr stat 2 ) disagree. The .Fl y option causes .Nm not to update files that are younger than the master copy. This can be used to prevent newer copies on other hosts from being replaced. A warning message is printed for files which are newer than the master copy. .El .Pp .Ar Distfile contains a sequence of entries that specify the files to be copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform to do the updating. Each entry has one of the following formats. .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact `=' [label:] `\->' [label:] `::' .Ed .Pp The first format is used for defining variables. The second format is used for distributing files to other hosts. The third format is used for making lists of files that have been changed since some given date. The .Ar source list specifies a list of files and/or directories on the local host which are to be used as the master copy for distribution. The .Ar destination list is the list of hosts to which these files are to be copied. Each file in the source list is added to a list of changes if the file is out of date on the host which is being updated (second format) or the file is newer than the time stamp file (third format). .Pp Labels are optional. They are used to identify a command for partial updates. .Pp Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are otherwise ignored. Comments begin with `#' and end with a newline. .Pp Variables to be expanded begin with `$' followed by one character or a name enclosed in curly braces (see the examples at the end). .Pp The source and destination lists have the following format: .Bd -literal -offset indent .Ed or .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact `(' `)' .Ed .Pp The shell meta-characters `[', `]', `{', `}', `*', and `?' are recognized and expanded (on the local host only) in the same way as .Xr csh 1 . They can be escaped with a backslash. The `~' character is also expanded in the same way as .Xr csh 1 but is expanded separately on the local and destination hosts. When the .Fl w option is used with a file name that begins with `~', everything except the home directory is appended to the destination name. File names which do not begin with `/' or `~' use the destination user's home directory as the root directory for the rest of the file name. .Pp The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following format. .Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact .Bl -column except_patx pattern\ listx .It `install' opt_dest_name `;' .It `notify' `;' .It `except' `;' .It `except_pat' `;' .It `special' string `;' .El .Ed .Pp The .Ic install command is used to copy out of date files and/or directories. Each source file is copied to each host in the destination list. Directories are recursively copied in the same way. .Ar Opt_dest_name is an optional parameter to rename files. If no .Ic install command appears in the command list or the destination name is not specified, the source file name is used. Directories in the path name will be created if they do not exist on the remote host. To help prevent disasters, a non-empty directory on a target host will never be replaced with a regular file or a symbolic link. However, under the `\-R' option a non-empty directory will be removed if the corresponding filename is completely absent on the master host. The .Ar options are `\-R', `\-h', `\-i', `\-v', `\-w', `\-y', and `\-b' and have the same semantics as options on the command line except they only apply to the files in the source list. The login name used on the destination host is the same as the local host unless the destination name is of the format ``login@host". .Pp The .Ic notify command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any errors that may have occurred) to the listed names. If no `@' appears in the name, the destination host is appended to the name (e.g., name1@host, name2@host, ...). .Pp The .Ic except command is used to update all of the files in the source list .Ic except for the files listed in .Ar name list . This is usually used to copy everything in a directory except certain files. .Pp The .Ic except_pat command is like the .Ic except command except that .Ar pattern list is a list of regular expressions (see .Xr re_format 7 for details). If one of the patterns matches some string within a file name, that file will be ignored. Note that since `\e' is a quote character, it must be doubled to become part of the regular expression. Variables are expanded in .Ar pattern list but not shell file pattern matching characters. To include a `$', it must be escaped with `\e'. .Pp The .Ic special command is used to specify .Xr sh 1 commands that are to be executed on the remote host after the file in .Ar name list is updated or installed. If the .Ar name list is omitted then the shell commands will be executed for every file updated or installed. The shell variable `FILE' is set to the current filename before executing the commands in .Ar string . .Ar String starts and ends with `"' and can cross multiple lines in .Ar distfile . Multiple commands to the shell should be separated by `;'. Commands are executed in the user's home directory on the host being updated. The .Ar special command can be used to rebuild private databases, etc. after a program has been updated. .Pp The following is a small example: .Bd -literal -offset indent HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa ) FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games \t/usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h} \t/usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist ) EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.dir aliases.pag crontab dshrc \tsendmail.cf sendmail.fc sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont ) ${FILES} -> ${HOSTS} \tinstall -R ; \texcept /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ; \texcept /usr/games/lib ; \tspecial /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bz" ; srcs: /usr/src/bin -> arpa \texcept_pat ( \e\e.o\e$ /SCCS\e$ ) ; IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi) imagen: /usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa \tinstall /usr/local/lib ; \tnotify ralph ; ${FILES} :: stamp.cory \tnotify root@cory ; .Ed .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /tmp/rdist* -compact .It Pa distfile input command file .It Pa /tmp/rdist* temporary file for update lists .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr csh 1 , .Xr sh 1 , .Xr stat 2 , .Xr re_format 7 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm command appeared in .Bx 4.3 . .Sh DIAGNOSTICS A complaint about mismatch of .Nm version numbers may really stem from some problem with starting your shell, e.g., you are in too many groups. .Pp .Nm Rdist relies on .Xr rcmd 3 type remote services executing successfully and in silence. A common error is for non-interactive initialization scripts, like .Pa .cshrc , to generate output (or to run other programs which generate output when not attached to a terminal -- the most frequent offender is .Xr stty 1 ) . This extra output will cause .Nm to fail with the error message: .Pp .Dl rdist: connection failed: version numbers don't match .Sh BUGS Source files must reside on the local host where .Nm is executed. .Pp There is no easy way to have a special command executed after all files in a directory have been updated. .Pp Variable expansion only works for name lists; there should be a general macro facility. .Pp .Nm Rdist aborts on files which have a negative mtime (before Jan 1, 1970). .Pp There should be a `force' option to allow replacement of non-empty directories by regular files or symlinks. A means of updating file modes and owners of otherwise identical files is also needed.