.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1994, David Greenman
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by David Greenman.
.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd October 28, 1995
.Dt ED 4 i386
.Os FreeBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm ed
.Nd high performance ethernet device driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "device ed0 at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 iomem 0xd8000"
.Cd "device ed1 at isa? port 0x300 irq 5 flags 0x4 iosiz 16384 iomem 0xd8000"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm ed
driver provides support for 8 and 16bit ISA ethernet cards that are based on
the National Semiconductor DS8390 and similar NICs manufactured by other companies.
.Pp
It supports all 80x3 series ISA ethernet cards manufactured by Western Digital and SMC,
the SMC Ultra, the 3Com 3c503, the Novell NE1000/NE2000, and HP PC Lan+.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver uses a unique multi-buffering mechanism to achieve high transmit performance.
When using 16bit ISA cards, as high as 97% of the theoretical maximum performance of
the IEEE 802.3 CSMA ethernet is possible.
.Pp
In addition to the standard port and irq specifications, the
.Nm
driver also supports a number of
.Em flags
which can force 8/16bit mode, enable/disable multi-buffering, and select the default
interface type (AUI/BNC, and for cards with twisted pair, AUI/10BaseT).
.Pp
The
.Em flags
are a bit field, and are summarized as follows:
.Pp
.Bl -hang -offset indent
.It Em 0x01
Disable tranceiver.
On those cards which support it, this flag causes the tranceiver to
be disabled and the AUI connection to be used by default.
.It Em 0x02
Force 8bit mode.
This flag forces the card to 8bit mode regardless of how the
card identifies itself.
This may be needed for some clones which incorrectly
identify themselves as 16bit, even though they only have an 8bit interface.
.It Em 0x04
Force 16bit mode.
This flag forces the card to 16bit mode regardless of how the
card identifies itself.
This may be needed for some clones which incorrectly
identify themselves as 8bit, even though they have a 16bit ISA interface.
.It Em 0x08
Disable transmitter multi-buffering.
This flag disables the use of multiple
transmit buffers and may be necessary in rare cases where packets are sent out
faster than a machine on the other end can handle (as evidenced by severe packet
lossage). Some
.Pf ( No non- Ns Tn FreeBSD
:-)) machines have terrible ethernet performance
and simply can't cope with 1100K+ data rates.
Use of this flag also provides
one more packet worth of receiver buffering, and on 8bit cards, this may help
reduce receiver lossage.
.El
.Pp
When using a 3c503 card, the AUI connection may be selected by specifying the
.Em link2
option to
.Xr ifconfig 8
(BNC is the default).
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It "ed%d: kernel configured irq %d doesn't match board configured irq %d." 
The irq number that was specified in the kernel config file (and then compiled
into the kernel) differs from the irq that has been set on the interface card.
.It "ed%d: failed to clear shared memory at %x - check configuration."
When the card was probed at system boot time, the
.Nm ed
driver found that it could not clear the card's shared memory.
This is most commonly
caused by a BIOS extension ROM being configured in the same address space as the
ethernet card's shared memory.
Either find the offending card and change its BIOS
ROM to be at an address that doesn't conflict, or change the
.Em iomem
option in the kernel config file so that the card's shared memory is mapped at a
non-conflicting address.
.It "ed%d: Invalid irq configuration (%d) must be 2-5 for 3c503."
The irq number that was specified in the kernel config file is not valid for
the 3Com 3c503 card.
The 3c503 can only be assigned to irqs 2 through 5.
.It "ed%d: Cannot find start of RAM."
.It "ed%d: Cannot find any RAM, start : %d, x = %d."
The probe of a Gateway card was unsuccessful in configuring the card's packet memory.
This likely indicates that the card was improperly recognized as a Gateway or that
the card is defective.
.It "ed: packets buffered, but transmitter idle."
Indicates a logic problem in the driver.
Should never happen.
.It "ed%d: device timeout"
Indicates that an expected transmitter interrupt didn't occur.
Usually caused by an
interrupt conflict with another card on the ISA bus.
.It "ed%d: NIC memory corrupt - invalid packet length %d."
Indicates that a packet was received with a packet length that was either larger than
the maximum size or smaller than the minimum size allowed by the IEEE 802.3 standard.
Usually
caused by a conflict with another card on the ISA bus, but in some cases may also
indicate faulty cabling.
.It "ed%d: remote transmit DMA failed to complete."
This indicates that a programmed I/O transfer to an NE1000 or NE2000 style card
has failed to properly complete.
Usually caused by the ISA bus speed being set
too fast.
.El
.Sh CAVEATS
Early revision DS8390 chips have problems.
They lock up whenever the receive
ring-buffer overflows.
They occasionally switch the byte order
of the length field in the packet ring header (several different causes
of this related to an off-by-one byte alignment) - resulting in "NIC
memory corrupt - invalid packet length" messages.
The card is reset
whenever these problems occur, but otherwise there is no problem with
recovering from these conditions.
.Pp
The NIC memory access to 3Com and Novell cards is much slower than it is on
WD/SMC cards; it's less than 1MB/second on 8bit boards and less than 2MB/second
on the 16bit cards.
This can lead to ring-buffer overruns resulting in
dropped packets during heavy network traffic.
.Pp
16bit Compex cards identify themselves as being 8bit.
While these cards will
work in 8bit mode, much higher performance can be achieved by specifying
.Em "flags 0x04"
(force 16bit mode) in your kernel config file.
In addition, you should also specify
.Em "iosize 16384"
to take advantage of the extra 8k of shared memory that 16bit mode provides.
.Sh BUGS
The
.Nm ed
driver is a bit too aggressive about resetting the card whenever any bad
packets are received.
As a result, it may throw out some good packets which
have been received but not yet transfered from the card to main memory.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr arp 4 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr ng_ether 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm ed
device driver first appeared in
.Fx 1.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
device driver and this manual page were written by
.An David Greenman .