367157222f
and graft it into chpass.
Chpass can now tell when it's being asked to operate on an NIS
user and it displayes the appropriate message in the editor
template ("Changing NIS information for foo"). After the changes
have been made, chpass will promte the user for his NIS password.
If the password is correct, the changes are committed to yppasswdd.
Hopefully, this should make NIS more transparent to the end user.
Note that even the superuser needs to know a user's password before
he can change any NIS information (such is the nature of yppasswdd).
Also, changes to the password field are not permitted -- that's what
yppasswd is for. (The superuser may specify a new password, but
again, he needs to know the user's original password before he can
change it.)
316 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
316 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)chpass.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\"
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.Dd December 30, 1993
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.Dt CHPASS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh
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.Nd add or change user database information
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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chpass
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.Op Fl a Ar list
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.Op Fl p Ar encpass
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.Op Fl s Ar newshell
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.Op user
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm chpass
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program
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allows editing of the user database information associated
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with
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.Ar user
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or, by default, the current user.
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The information is formatted and supplied to an editor for changes.
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.Pp
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Only the information that the user is allowed to change is displayed.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl a
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The super-user is allowed to directly supply a user database
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entry, in the format specified by
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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as an argument.
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This argument must be a colon (``:'') separated list of all the
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user database fields, although they may be empty.
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.It Fl p
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The super-user is allowed to directly supply an encrypted password field,
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in the format used by
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.Xr crypt 3 ,
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as an argument.
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.It Fl s
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The
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.Fl s
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option attempts to change the user's shell to
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.Ar newshell .
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.El
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.Pp
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Possible display items are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "Home Directory:" -compact -offset indent
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.It Login:
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user's login name
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.It Password:
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user's encrypted password
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.It Uid:
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user's login
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.It Gid:
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user's login group
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.It Change:
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password change time
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.It Expire:
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account expiration time
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.It Class:
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user's general classification
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.It Home Directory:
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user's home directory
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.It Shell:
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user's login shell
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.It Full Name:
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user's real name
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.It Location:
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user's normal location
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.It Home Phone:
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user's home phone
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.It Office Phone:
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user's office phone
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar login
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field is the user name used to access the computer account.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar password
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field contains the encrypted form of the user's password.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar uid
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field is the number associated with the
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.Ar login
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field.
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Both of these fields should be unique across the system (and often
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across a group of systems) as they control file access.
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.Pp
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While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
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and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so. Routines
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that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
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entries, and that one by random selection.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar group
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field is the group that the user will be placed in at login.
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Since BSD supports multiple groups (see
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.Xr groups 1 )
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this field currently has little special meaning.
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This field may be filled in with either a number or a group name (see
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.Xr group 5 ) .
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar change
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field is the date by which the password must be changed.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar expire
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field is the date on which the account expires.
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.Pp
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Both the
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.Ar change
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and
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.Ar expire
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fields should be entered in the form ``month day year'' where
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.Ar month
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is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient),
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.Ar day
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is the day of the month, and
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.Ar year
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is the year.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar class
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field is currently unused. In the near future it will be a key to
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a
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.Xr termcap 5
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style database of user attributes.
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.Pp
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The user's
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.Ar home directory
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is the full UNIX path name where the user
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will be placed at login.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar shell
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field is the command interpreter the user prefers.
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If the
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.Ar shell
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field is empty, the Bourne shell,
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.Pa /bin/sh ,
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is assumed.
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When altering a login shell, and not the super-user, the user
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may not change from a non-standard shell or to a non-standard
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shell.
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Non-standard is defined as a shell not found in
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.Pa /etc/shells .
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.Pp
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The last four fields are for storing the user's
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.Ar full name , office location ,
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and
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.Ar home
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and
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.Ar work telephone
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numbers.
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.Pp
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Once the information has been verified,
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.Nm chpass
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uses
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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to update the user database.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The
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.Xr vi 1
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editor will be used unless the environment variable EDITOR is set to
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an alternate editor.
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When the editor terminates, the information is re-read and used to
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update the user database itself.
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Only the user, or the super-user, may edit the information associated
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with the user.
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.Sh NIS INTERACTION
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.Nm Chpass
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can also be used in conjunction with NIS, however some restrictions
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apply.
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Currently,
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.Nm chpass
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can only make changes to the NIS passwd maps through
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.Xr yppasswdd 8 ,
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which only permits changes to a user's password, shell and gecos
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fields. It can not be used to change other user information or to
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add new records to the NIS passwd maps. (Doing that would require
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something such as ypupdated, which is not yet supported.)
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Furthermore,
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.Xr yppasswdd 8
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requires password authentication before it will make any
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changes, even if it receives a request from the super-user.
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.Pp
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As a result, the following restrictions apply when
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.Nm chpass
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is used with NIS:
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.Bl -enum -offset indent
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.It
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.Pa Only the shell and gecos information may be changed.
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All other
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fields are restricted, even when
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.Nm chpass
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is invoked by the super-user, because the
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.Xr yppasswdd 8
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daemon has no support for updating them. While support for
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changing other fields could be added, this would lead to
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compatibility problems with other NIS-capable systems.
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Even though the super-user may supply data for other fields
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while editing an entry, the extra information (other than the
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password -- see below) will be silently discarded.
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.It
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.Pa Password authentication is required.
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.Nm Chpass
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will prompt for the user's NIS password before effecting
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any changes. If the password is invalid, all changes will be
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discarded.
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.It
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.Pa Adding new records to the local
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.Pa password database is discouraged.
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.Nm Chpass
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will allow the administrator to add new records to the
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local password database while NIS is enabled, but this can lead to
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some confusion since the new records are appended to the end of
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the master password file, usually after the special NIS '+' entries.
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The administrator should use
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.Xr vipw 8
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to modify the local password
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file when NIS is running.
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.It
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.Pa Password changes are not permitted.
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Users should use
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.Xr passwd 1
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or
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.Xr yppasswd 1
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to change their NIS passwords. The super-user is allowed to specify
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a new password (even though the ``Password:'' field does not show
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up in the editor template, the super-user may add it back by hand),
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but even the super-user must supply the user's original password
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otherwise
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.Xr yppasswdd 8
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will refuse to update the NIS maps.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The user database
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file
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.It Pa /etc/chpass.XXXXXX
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Temporary copy of the password file
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.It Pa /etc/shells
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The list of approved shells
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr finger 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr getusershell 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Rs
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.%A Robert Morris
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and
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.%A Ken Thompson
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.%T "UNIX Password security"
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.Re
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.Sh NOTES
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The
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.Xr chfn 1 ,
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.Xr chsh 1 ,
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.Xr ypchpass 1 ,
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.Xr ypchfn 1
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and
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.Xr upchsh 1
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commands are really only links to
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.Nm chpass .
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.Sh BUGS
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User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 Reno .
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