542 lines
13 KiB
Groff
542 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Portions of this manual page are Copyrighted by
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.\" The NetBSD Foundation.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 14, 2012
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.Dt RC 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rc
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.Nd command scripts for auto-reboot and daemon startup
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Nm rc.conf
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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.Nm rc.d/
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.Nm rc.firewall
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.Nm rc.local
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.Nm rc.shutdown
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.Nm rc.subr
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is the command script which controls the automatic boot process
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after being called by
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.Xr init 8 .
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The
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.Nm rc.local
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script contains commands which are pertinent only
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to a specific site.
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Typically, the
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/
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mechanism is used instead of
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.Nm rc.local
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these days but if
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you want to use
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.Nm rc.local ,
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it is still supported.
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In this case, it should source
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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and contain additional custom startup code for your system.
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The best way to handle
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.Nm rc.local ,
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however, is to separate it out into
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.Nm rc.d/
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style scripts and place them under
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ .
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The
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.Nm rc.conf
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file contains the global system configuration information referenced
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by the startup scripts, while
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.Nm rc.conf.local
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contains the local system configuration.
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See
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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for more information.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm rc.d/
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directories contain scripts which will be automatically
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executed at boot time and shutdown time.
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.Ss Operation of Nm
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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If autobooting, set
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.Va autoboot Ns = Ns Li yes
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and enable a flag
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.Pq Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes ,
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which prevents the
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.Nm rc.d/
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scripts from performing the check for already running processes
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(thus speeding up the boot process).
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This
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.Va rc_fast Ns = Ns Li yes
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speedup will not occur when
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.Nm
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is started up after exiting the single-user shell.
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.It
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Determine whether the system is booting diskless,
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and if so run the
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.Pa /etc/rc.initdiskless
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script.
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.It
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Source
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.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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to load various
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.Xr rc.subr 8
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shell functions to use.
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.It
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Load the configuration files.
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.It
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Determine if booting in a jail,
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and add
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.Dq Li nojail
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to the list of KEYWORDS to skip in
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.Xr rcorder 8 .
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.It
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Invoke
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.Xr rcorder 8
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to order the files in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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that do not have a
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.Dq Li nostart
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KEYWORD (refer to
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.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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.Fl s
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flag).
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.It
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Call each script in turn using
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.Fn run_rc_script
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(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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which sets
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.Va $1
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to
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.Dq Li start ,
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and sources the script in a subshell.
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If the script has a
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.Pa .sh
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suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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Stop processing when the script that is the value of the
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.Va $early_late_divider
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has been run.
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.It
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Re-run
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.Xr rcorder 8 ,
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this time including the scripts in the
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.Va $local_startup
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directories.
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Ignore everything up to the
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.Va $early_late_divider ,
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then start executing the scripts as described above.
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.El
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.Ss Operation of Nm rc.shutdown
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Source
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.Pa /etc/rc.subr
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to load various
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.Xr rc.subr 8
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shell functions to use.
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.It
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Load the configuration files.
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.It
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Invoke
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.Xr rcorder 8
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to order the files in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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and the
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.Va $local_startup
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directories
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that have a
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.Dq Li shutdown
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KEYWORD (refer to
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.Xr rcorder 8 Ns 's
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.Fl k
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flag),
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reverse that order, and assign the result to a variable.
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.It
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Call each script in turn using
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.Fn run_rc_script
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(from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ) ,
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which sets
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.Va $1
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to
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.Dq Li stop ,
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and sources the script in a subshell.
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If the script has a
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.Pa .sh
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suffix then it is sourced directly into the current shell.
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.El
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.Ss Contents of Nm rc.d/
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.Nm rc.d/
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is located in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/ .
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The following file naming conventions are currently used in
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.Nm rc.d/ :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa ALLUPPERCASE" -offset indent
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.It Pa ALLUPPERCASE
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Scripts that are
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.Dq placeholders
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to ensure that certain operations are performed before others.
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In order of startup, these are:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa NETWORKING"
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.It Pa NETWORKING
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Ensure basic network services are running, including general
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network configuration.
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.It Pa SERVERS
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Ensure basic services
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exist for services that start early (such as
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.Pa named ) ,
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because they are required by
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.Pa DAEMON
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below.
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.It Pa DAEMON
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Check-point before all general purpose daemons such as
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.Pa lpd
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and
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.Pa ntpd .
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.It Pa LOGIN
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Check-point before user login services
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.Pa ( inetd
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and
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.Pa sshd ) ,
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as well as services which might run commands as users
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.Pa ( cron
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and
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.Pa sendmail ) .
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.El
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.It Pa foo.sh
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Scripts that are to be sourced into the current shell rather than a subshell
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have a
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.Pa .sh
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suffix.
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Extreme care must be taken in using this, as the startup sequence will
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terminate if the script does.
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.It Pa bar
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Scripts that are sourced in a subshell.
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The boot does not stop if such a script terminates with a non-zero status,
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but a script can stop the boot if necessary by invoking the
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.Fn stop_boot
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function (from
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.Xr rc.subr 8 ).
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.El
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.Pp
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Each script should contain
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.Xr rcorder 8
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keywords, especially an appropriate
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.Dq Li PROVIDE
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entry, and if necessary
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.Dq Li REQUIRE
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and
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.Dq Li BEFORE
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keywords.
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.Pp
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Each script is expected to support at least the following arguments, which
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are automatically supported if it uses the
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.Fn run_rc_command
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function:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm restart" -offset indent
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.It Cm start
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Start the service.
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This should check that the service is to be started as specified by
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.Xr rc.conf 5 .
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Also checks if the service is already running and refuses to start if
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it is.
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This latter check is not performed by standard
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.Fx
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scripts if the system is starting directly to multi-user mode, to
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speed up the boot process.
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If
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.Cm forcestart
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is given, ignore the
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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check and start anyway.
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.It Cm stop
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If the service is to be started as specified by
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.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
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stop the service.
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This should check that the service is running and complain if it is not.
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If
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.Cm forcestop
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is given, ignore the
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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check and attempt to stop.
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.It Cm restart
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Perform a
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.Cm stop
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then a
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.Cm start .
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.It Cm status
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If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
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operation), show the status of the process.
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Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
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Defaults to displaying the process ID of the program (if running).
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.It Cm poll
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If the script starts a process (rather than performing a one-off
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operation), wait for the command to exit.
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Otherwise it is not necessary to support this argument.
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.It Cm rcvar
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Display which
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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variables are used to control the startup of the service (if any).
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.El
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.Pp
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If a script must implement additional commands it can list them in
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the
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.Va extra_commands
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variable, and define their actions in a variable constructed from
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the command name (see the
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.Sx EXAMPLES
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section).
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.Pp
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The following key points apply to old-style scripts in
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ :
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Scripts are only executed if their
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.Xr basename 1
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matches the shell globbing pattern
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.Pa *.sh ,
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and they are executable.
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Any other files or directories present within the directory are silently
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ignored.
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.It
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When a script is executed at boot time, it is passed the string
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.Dq Li start
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as its first and only argument.
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At shutdown time, it is passed the string
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.Dq Li stop
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as its first and only argument.
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All
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.Nm rc.d/
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scripts are expected to handle these arguments appropriately.
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If no action needs to be taken at a given time
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(either boot time or shutdown time),
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the script should exit successfully and without producing an error message.
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.It
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The scripts within each directory are executed in lexicographical order.
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If a specific order is required,
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numbers may be used as a prefix to the existing filenames,
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so for example
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.Pa 100.foo
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would be executed before
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.Pa 200.bar ;
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without the numeric prefixes the opposite would be true.
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.It
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The output from each script is traditionally a space character,
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followed by the name of the software package being started or shut down,
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.Em without
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a trailing newline character (see the
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.Sx EXAMPLES
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section).
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.El
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.Sh SCRIPTS OF INTEREST
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When an automatic reboot is in progress,
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.Nm
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is invoked with the argument
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.Cm autoboot .
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One of the scripts run from
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/
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is
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/fsck .
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This script runs
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.Xr fsck 8
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with option
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.Fl p
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and
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.Fl F
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to
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.Dq preen
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all the disks of minor inconsistencies resulting
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from the last system shutdown.
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If this fails, then checks/repairs of serious inconsistencies
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caused by hardware or software failure will be performed
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in the background at the end of the booting process.
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If
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.Cm autoboot
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is not set, when going from single-user to multi-user mode for example,
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the script does not do anything.
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.Pp
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The
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/local
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script can execute scripts from multiple
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.Nm rc.d/
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directories.
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The default location includes
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.Pa /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ ,
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but these may be overridden with the
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.Va local_startup
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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variable.
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.Pp
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The
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/serial
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script is used to set any special configurations for serial devices.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm rc.firewall
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script is used to configure rules for the kernel based firewall
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service.
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It has several possible options:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ar filename" -compact -offset indent
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.It Cm open
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will allow anyone in
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.It Cm client
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will try to protect just this machine
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.It Cm simple
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will try to protect a whole network
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.It Cm closed
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totally disables IP services except via
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.Pa lo0
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interface
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.It Cm UNKNOWN
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disables the loading of firewall rules
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.It Ar filename
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will load the rules in the given filename (full path required).
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/atm*
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scripts are used to configure ATM network interfaces.
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The interfaces are configured in three passes.
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The first pass performs the initial interface configuration.
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The second pass completes the interface configuration and defines PVCs and
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permanent ATMARP entries.
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The third pass starts any ATM daemons.
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.Pp
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Most daemons, including network related daemons, have their own script in
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/ ,
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which can be used to start, stop, and check the status of the service.
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.Pp
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Any architecture specific scripts, such as
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.Pa /etc/rc.d/apm
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for example, specifically check that they are on that architecture
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before starting the daemon.
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.Pp
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Following tradition, all startup files reside in
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.Pa /etc .
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -compact
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.It Pa /etc/rc
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.It Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.It Pa /etc/rc.conf.local
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.It Pa /etc/rc.d/
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.It Pa /etc/rc.firewall
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.It Pa /etc/rc.local
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.It Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
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.It Pa /etc/rc.subr
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.It Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot
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.Xr dmesg 8
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results soon after the
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.Nm
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process begins.
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Useful when
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.Xr dmesg 8
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buffer in the kernel no longer has this information.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The following is a minimal
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.Nm rc.d/
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style script.
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Most scripts require little more than the following.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#!/bin/sh
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#
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# PROVIDE: foo
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# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
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\&. /etc/rc.subr
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name="foo"
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rcvar=foo_enable
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command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
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load_rc_config $name
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run_rc_command "$1"
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Certain scripts may want to provide enhanced functionality.
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The user may access this functionality through additional commands.
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The script may list and define as many commands at it needs.
|
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#!/bin/sh
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#
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# PROVIDE: foo
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# REQUIRE: bar_service_required_to_precede_foo
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# BEFORE: baz_service_requiring_foo_to_precede_it
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\&. /etc/rc.subr
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name="foo"
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rcvar=foo_enable
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command="/usr/local/bin/foo"
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extra_commands="nop hello"
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hello_cmd="echo Hello World."
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nop_cmd="do_nop"
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do_nop()
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{
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echo "I do nothing."
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}
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load_rc_config $name
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run_rc_command "$1"
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|
.Ed
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.Pp
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|
As all processes are killed by
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.Xr init 8
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|
at shutdown, the explicit
|
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.Xr kill 1
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|
is unnecessary, but is often included.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ,
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5 ,
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|
.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr rcorder 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rc.subr 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr savecore 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
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.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.0 .
|