174 lines
5.4 KiB
Plaintext
174 lines
5.4 KiB
Plaintext
----- Calendrical issues -----
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As mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of
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scope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run
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into if we extended tzdb further into the past. The following
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information and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion.
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They sometimes disagree.
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France
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Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
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French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
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and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
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Russia
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From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02):
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On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar"
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with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
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On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
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Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
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reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
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off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
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(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
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Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited
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by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377. But:
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From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet)
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Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT
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...
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If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were
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still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar?
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I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by
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Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the
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Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like.
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Sweden (and Finland)
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From: Mark Brader
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Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale?
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<news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>
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Date: 1996-07-06
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In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
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decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
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those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
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year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar
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different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
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However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
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they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
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they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
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year!...
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Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
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getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
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(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
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produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia"
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by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och
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kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
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Grotefend's data
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From: "Michael Palmer" [with two obvious typos fixed]
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Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
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Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
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Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
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...
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The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of
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European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the
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Gregorian calendar:
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04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman
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Catholics and Danzig only)
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09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine
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21 Dec 1582/
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01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
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10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich)
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13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
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04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
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05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
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Salzburg, Brixen
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13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau
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20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
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02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg
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02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln
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04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg
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11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
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16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
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17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve
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14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
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06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
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11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn
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12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz
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22 Jan/
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02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587)
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Jun 1584 - Unterwalden
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01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen
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16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn
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14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania
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22 Aug/
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02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia
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13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg
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1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
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1796)
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1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück
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1630 - bishopric of Minden
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15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim
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1655 - Kanton Wallis
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05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg
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18 Feb/
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01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in
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Germany), Denmark, Norway
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30 Jun/
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12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen
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10 Nov/
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12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
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31 Dec 1700/
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12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
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Thurgau, and Schaffhausen
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1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
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01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence
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02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain
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17 Feb/
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01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
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1760-1812 - Graubünden
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The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not
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convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
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Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen
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Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend
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(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28.
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-----
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This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
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Arthur David Olson.
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-----
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Local Variables:
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coding: utf-8
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End:
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