f24c2153d5
the underlying file descriptor is also closed. To me at least this wasn't immediately obvious.
242 lines
5.9 KiB
Groff
242 lines
5.9 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
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.\" on Information Processing Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)fopen.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 4, 1993
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.Dt FOPEN 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fopen ,
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.Nm fdopen ,
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.Nm freopen
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.Nd stream open functions
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <stdio.h>
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fopen "const char *path" "const char *mode"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn fdopen "int fildes" "const char *mode"
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.Ft FILE *
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.Fn freopen "const char *path" "const char *mode" "FILE *stream"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn fopen
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function
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opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
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.Fa path
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and associates a stream with it.
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa mode
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points to a string beginning with one of the following
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sequences (Additional characters may follow these sequences.):
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Dq Li r
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Open text file for reading.
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The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
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.It Dq Li r+
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Open for reading and writing.
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The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
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.It Dq Li w
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Truncate file to zero length or create text file for writing.
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The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
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.It Dq Li w+
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Open for reading and writing.
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The file is created if it does not exist, otherwise it is truncated.
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The stream is positioned at the beginning of the file.
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.It Dq Li a
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Open for writing.
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The file is created if it does not exist.
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The stream is positioned at the end of the file.
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.It Dq Li a+
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Open for reading and writing.
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The file is created if it does not exist.
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The stream is positioned at the end of the file.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa mode
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string can also include the letter ``b'' either as a third character or
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as a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings
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described above.
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This is strictly for compatibility with
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.St -ansiC
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and has no effect; the ``b'' is ignored.
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.Pp
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Any created files will have mode
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.Pf \\*q Dv S_IRUSR
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\&|
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.Dv S_IWUSR
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\&|
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.Dv S_IRGRP
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\&|
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.Dv S_IWGRP
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\&|
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.Dv S_IROTH
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\&|
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.Dv S_IWOTH Ns \\*q
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.Pq Li 0666 ,
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as modified by the process'
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umask value (see
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.Xr umask 2 ) .
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.Pp
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Reads and writes may be intermixed on read/write streams in any order,
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and do not require an intermediate seek as in previous versions of
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.Em stdio .
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This is not portable to other systems, however;
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.Tn ANSI C
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requires that
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a file positioning function intervene between output and input, unless
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an input operation encounters end-of-file.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fdopen
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function associates a stream with the existing file descriptor,
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.Fa fildes .
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The
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.Fa mode
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of the stream must be compatible with the mode of the file descriptor.
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When the stream is closed via
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.Xr fclose 3 ,
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.Fa fildes
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is closed also.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn freopen
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function
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opens the file whose name is the string pointed to by
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.Fa path
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and associates the stream pointed to by
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.Fa stream
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with it.
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The original stream (if it exists) is closed.
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The
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.Fa mode
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argument is used just as in the
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.Fn fopen
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function.
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The primary use of the
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.Fn freopen
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function
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is to change the file associated with a
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standard text stream
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.Pf ( Em stderr ,
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.Em stdin ,
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or
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.Em stdout ) .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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Upon successful completion
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.Fn fopen ,
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.Fn fdopen
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and
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.Fn freopen
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return a
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.Tn FILE
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pointer.
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Otherwise,
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.Dv NULL
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is returned and the global variable
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Bl -tag -width [EINVAL]
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The
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.Fa mode
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provided to
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.Fn fopen ,
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.Fn fdopen ,
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or
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.Fn freopen
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was invalid.
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fopen ,
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.Fn fdopen
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and
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.Fn freopen
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functions
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may also fail and set
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.Va errno
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for any of the errors specified for the routine
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.Xr malloc 3 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fopen
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function
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may also fail and set
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.Va errno
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for any of the errors specified for the routine
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.Xr open 2 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn fdopen
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function
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may also fail and set
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.Va errno
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for any of the errors specified for the routine
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.Xr fcntl 2 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn freopen
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function
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may also fail and set
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.Va errno
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for any of the errors specified for the routines
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.Xr open 2 ,
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.Xr fclose 3
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and
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.Xr fflush 3 .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr open 2 ,
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.Xr fclose 3 ,
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.Xr fseek 3 ,
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.Xr funopen 3
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn fopen
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and
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.Fn freopen
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functions
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conform to
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.St -ansiC .
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The
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.Fn fdopen
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function
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conforms to
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.St -p1003.1-88 .
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