fbbd9655e5
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point. Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu> Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
235 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
235 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd February 14, 2014
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.Dt PASSWD 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm passwd , yppasswd
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.Nd modify a user's password
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl l
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.Op Ar user
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.Nm yppasswd
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.Op Fl l
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.Op Fl y
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.Op Fl d Ar domain
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.Op Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl o
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility changes the user's local, Kerberos, or NIS password.
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If the user is not the super-user,
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.Nm
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first prompts for the current password and will not continue unless the correct
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password is entered.
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.Pp
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When entering the new password, the characters entered do not echo, in order to
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avoid the password being seen by a passer-by.
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The
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.Nm
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utility prompts for the new password twice in order to detect typing errors.
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.Pp
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The total length of the password must be less than
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.Dv _PASSWORD_LEN
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(currently 128 characters).
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.Pp
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Once the password has been verified,
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.Nm
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communicates the new password information to
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the Kerberos authenticating host.
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.Pp
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The following option is available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl l
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Cause the password to be updated only in the local
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password file, and not with the Kerberos database.
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When changing only the local password,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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is used to update the password databases.
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.El
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.Pp
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When changing local or NIS password, the next password change date
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is set according to
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.Dq passwordtime
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capability in the user's login class.
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.Pp
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To change another user's Kerberos password, one must first
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run
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.Xr kinit 1
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followed by
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.Nm .
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The super-user is not required to provide a user's current password
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if only the local password is modified.
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.Sh NIS INTERACTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility has built-in support for NIS.
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If a user exists in the NIS password
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database but does not exist locally,
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.Nm
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automatically switches into
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.Nm yppasswd
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mode.
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If the specified
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user does not exist in either the local password database or the
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NIS password maps,
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.Nm
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returns an error.
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.Pp
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When changing an NIS password, unprivileged users are required to provide
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their old password for authentication (the
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.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
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daemon requires the original password before
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it will allow any changes to the NIS password maps).
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This restriction applies even to the
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super-user, with one important exception: the password authentication is
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bypassed for the super-user on the NIS master server.
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This means that
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the super-user on the NIS master server can make unrestricted changes to
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anyone's NIS password.
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The super-user on NIS client systems and NIS slave
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servers still needs to provide a password before the update will be processed.
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.Pp
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The following additional options are supported for use with NIS:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl y
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Override
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.Nm Ns 's
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checking heuristics and forces
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it into NIS mode.
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.It Fl l
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When NIS is enabled, the
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.Fl l
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flag can be used to force
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.Nm
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into
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.Dq local only
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mode.
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This flag can be used to change the entry
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for a local user when an NIS user exists with the same login name.
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For example, you will sometimes find entries for system
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.Dq placeholder
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users such as
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.Pa bin
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or
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.Pa daemon
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in both the NIS password maps and the local user database.
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By
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default,
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.Nm
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will try to change the NIS password.
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The
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.Fl l
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flag can be used to change the local password instead.
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.It Fl d Ar domain
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Specify what domain to use when changing an NIS password.
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By default,
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.Nm
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assumes that the system default domain should be used.
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This flag is
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primarily for use by the superuser on the NIS master server: a single
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NIS server can support multiple domains.
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It is also possible that the
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domainname on the NIS master may not be set (it is not necessary for
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an NIS server to also be a client) in which case the
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.Nm
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command needs to be told what domain to operate on.
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.It Fl h Ar host
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Specify the name of an NIS server.
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This option, in conjunction
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with the
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.Fl d
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option, can be used to change an NIS password on a non-local NIS
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server.
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When a domain is specified with the
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.Fl d
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option and
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.Nm
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is unable to determine the name of the NIS master server (possibly because
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the local domainname is not set), the name of the NIS master is assumed to
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be
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.Dq localhost .
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This can be overridden with the
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.Fl h
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flag.
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The specified hostname need not be the name of an NIS master: the
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name of the NIS master for a given map can be determined by querying any
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NIS server (master or slave) in a domain, so specifying the name of a
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slave server will work equally well.
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.It Fl o
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Do not automatically override the password authentication checks for the
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super-user on the NIS master server; assume
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.Dq old
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mode instead.
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This
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flag is of limited practical use but is useful for testing.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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the user database
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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a Version 7 format password file
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.It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
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temporary copy of the password file
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.It Pa /etc/login.conf
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login class capabilities database
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr kinit 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr login.conf 5 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr kerberos 8 ,
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.Xr kpasswdd 8 ,
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.Xr pam_passwdqc 8 ,
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.Xr pw 8 ,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Rs
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.%A Robert Morris
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.%A Ken Thompson
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.%T "UNIX password security"
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.Re
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.Sh NOTES
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The
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.Nm yppasswd
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command is really only a link to
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.Nm .
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v6 .
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