ae77177087
several new kerberos related libraries and applications to FreeBSD:
o kgetcred(1) allows one to manually get a ticket for a particular service.
o kf(1) securily forwards ticket to another host through an authenticated
and encrypted stream.
o kcc(1) is an umbrella program around klist(1), kswitch(1), kgetcred(1)
and other user kerberos operations. klist and kswitch are just symlinks
to kcc(1) now.
o kswitch(1) allows you to easily switch between kerberos credentials if
you're running KCM.
o hxtool(1) is a certificate management tool to use with PKINIT.
o string2key(1) maps a password into key.
o kdigest(8) is a userland tool to access the KDC's digest interface.
o kimpersonate(8) creates a "fake" ticket for a service.
We also now install manpages for some lirbaries that were not installed
before, libheimntlm and libhx509.
- The new HEIMDAL version no longer supports Kerberos 4. All users are
recommended to switch to Kerberos 5.
- Weak ciphers are now disabled by default. To enable DES support (used
by telnet(8)), use "allow_weak_crypto" option in krb5.conf.
- libtelnet, pam_ksu and pam_krb5 are now compiled with error on warnings
disabled due to the function they use (krb5_get_err_text(3)) being
deprecated. I plan to work on this next.
- Heimdal's KDC now require sqlite to operate. We use the bundled version
and install it as libheimsqlite. If some other FreeBSD components will
require it in the future we can rename it to libbsdsqlite and use for these
components as well.
- This is not a latest Heimdal version, the new one was released while I was
working on the update. I will update it to 1.5.2 soon, as it fixes some
important bugs and security issues.
271 lines
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271 lines
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Plaintext
@c $Id$
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@node Applications, Things in search for a better place, Setting up a realm, Top
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@chapter Applications
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@menu
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* Authentication modules::
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* AFS::
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@end menu
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@node Authentication modules, AFS, Applications, Applications
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@section Authentication modules
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The problem of having different authentication mechanisms has been
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recognised by several vendors, and several solutions have appeared. In
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most cases these solutions involve some kind of shared modules that are
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loaded at run-time. Modules for some of these systems can be found in
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@file{lib/auth}. Presently there are modules for Digital's SIA,
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and IRIX' @code{login} and @code{xdm} (in
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@file{lib/auth/afskauthlib}).
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@menu
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* Digital SIA::
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* IRIX::
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@end menu
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@node Digital SIA, IRIX, Authentication modules, Authentication modules
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@subsection Digital SIA
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How to install the SIA module depends on which OS version you're
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running. Tru64 5.0 has a new command, @file{siacfg}, which makes this
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process quite simple. If you have this program, you should just be able
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to run:
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@example
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siacfg -a KRB5 /usr/athena/lib/libsia_krb5.so
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@end example
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On older versions, or if you want to do it by hand, you have to do the
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following (not tested by us on Tru64 5.0):
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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Make sure @file{libsia_krb5.so} is available in
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@file{/usr/athena/lib}. If @file{/usr/athena} is not on local disk, you
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might want to put it in @file{/usr/shlib} or someplace else. If you do,
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you'll have to edit @file{krb5_matrix.conf} to reflect the new location
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(you will also have to do this if you installed in some other directory
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than @file{/usr/athena}). If you built with shared libraries, you will
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have to copy the shared @file{libkrb.so}, @file{libdes.so},
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@file{libkadm.so}, and @file{libkafs.so} to a place where the loader can
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find them (such as @file{/usr/shlib}).
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@item
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Copy (your possibly edited) @file{krb5_matrix.conf} to @file{/etc/sia}.
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@item
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Apply @file{security.patch} to @file{/sbin/init.d/security}.
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@item
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Turn on KRB5 security by issuing @kbd{rcmgr set SECURITY KRB5} and
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@kbd{rcmgr set KRB5_MATRIX_CONF krb5_matrix.conf}.
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@item
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Digital thinks you should reboot your machine, but that really shouldn't
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be necessary. It's usually sufficient just to run
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@kbd{/sbin/init.d/security start} (and restart any applications that use
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SIA, like @code{xdm}.)
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@end itemize
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Users with local passwords (like @samp{root}) should be able to login
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safely.
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When using Digital's xdm the @samp{KRB5CCNAME} environment variable isn't
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passed along as it should (since xdm zaps the environment). Instead you
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have to set @samp{KRB5CCNAME} to the correct value in
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@file{/usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession}. Add a line similar to
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@example
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KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc`id -u`_`ps -o ppid= -p $$`; export KRB5CCNAME
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@end example
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If you use CDE, @code{dtlogin} allows you to specify which additional
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environment variables it should export. To add @samp{KRB5CCNAME} to this
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list, edit @file{/usr/dt/config/Xconfig}, and look for the definition of
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@samp{exportList}. You want to add something like:
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@example
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Dtlogin.exportList: KRB5CCNAME
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@end example
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@subsubheading Notes to users with Enhanced security
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Digital's @samp{ENHANCED} (C2) security, and Kerberos solve two
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different problems. C2 deals with local security, adds better control of
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who can do what, auditing, and similar things. Kerberos deals with
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network security.
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To make C2 security work with Kerberos you will have to do the
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following.
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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Replace all occurrences of @file{krb5_matrix.conf} with
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@file{krb5+c2_matrix.conf} in the directions above.
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@item
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You must enable ``vouching'' in the @samp{default} database. This will
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make the OSFC2 module trust other SIA modules, so you can login without
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giving your C2 password. To do this use @samp{edauth} to edit the
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default entry @kbd{/usr/tcb/bin/edauth -dd default}, and add a
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@samp{d_accept_alternate_vouching} capability, if not already present.
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@item
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For each user who does @emph{not} have a local C2 password, you should
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set the password expiration field to zero. You can do this for each
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user, or in the @samp{default} table. To do this use @samp{edauth} to
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set (or change) the @samp{u_exp} capability to @samp{u_exp#0}.
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@item
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You also need to be aware that the shipped @file{login}, @file{rcp}, and
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@file{rshd}, don't do any particular C2 magic (such as checking for
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various forms of disabled accounts), so if you rely on those features,
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you shouldn't use those programs. If you configure with
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@samp{--enable-osfc2}, these programs will, however, set the login
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UID. Still: use at your own risk.
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@end itemize
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At present @samp{su} does not accept the vouching flag, so it will not
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work as expected.
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Also, kerberised ftp will not work with C2 passwords. You can solve this
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by using both Digital's ftpd and our on different ports.
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@strong{Remember}, if you do these changes you will get a system that
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most certainly does @emph{not} fulfil the requirements of a C2
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system. If C2 is what you want, for instance if someone else is forcing
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you to use it, you're out of luck. If you use enhanced security because
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you want a system that is more secure than it would otherwise be, you
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probably got an even more secure system. Passwords will not be sent in
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the clear, for instance.
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@node IRIX, , Digital SIA, Authentication modules
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@subsection IRIX
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The IRIX support is a module that is compatible with Transarc's
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@file{afskauthlib.so}. It should work with all programs that use this
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library. This should include @command{login} and @command{xdm}.
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The interface is not very documented but it seems that you have to copy
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@file{libkafs.so}, @file{libkrb.so}, and @file{libdes.so} to
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@file{/usr/lib}, or build your @file{afskauthlib.so} statically.
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The @file{afskauthlib.so} itself is able to reside in
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@file{/usr/vice/etc}, @file{/usr/afsws/lib}, or the current directory
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(wherever that is).
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IRIX 6.4 and newer seem to have all programs (including @command{xdm} and
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@command{login}) in the N32 object format, whereas in older versions they
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were O32. For it to work, the @file{afskauthlib.so} library has to be in
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the same object format as the program that tries to load it. This might
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require that you have to configure and build for O32 in addition to the
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default N32.
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Apart from this it should ``just work''; there are no configuration
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files.
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Note that recent Irix 6.5 versions (at least 6.5.22) have PAM,
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including a @file{pam_krb5.so} module. Not all relevant programs use
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PAM, though, e.g.@: @command{ssh}. In particular, for console
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graphical login you need to turn off @samp{visuallogin} and turn on
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@samp{xdm} with @command{chkconfig}.
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@node AFS, , Authentication modules, Applications
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@section AFS
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@cindex AFS
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AFS is a distributed filesystem that uses Kerberos for authentication.
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@cindex OpenAFS
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@cindex Arla
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For more information about AFS see OpenAFS
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@url{http://www.openafs.org/} and Arla
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@url{http://www.stacken.kth.se/projekt/arla/}.
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@subsection kafs and afslog
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@cindex afslog
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@manpage{afslog,1} will obtains AFS tokens for a number of cells. What cells to get
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tokens for can either be specified as an explicit list, as file paths to
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get tokens for, or be left unspecified, in which case will use whatever
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magic @manpage{kafs,3} decides upon.
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If not told what cell to get credentials for, @manpage{kafs,3} will
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search for the files ThisCell and TheseCells in the locations
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specified in @manpage{kafs,3} and try to get tokens for these cells
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and the cells specified in $HOME/.TheseCells.
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More usefully it will look at and ~/.TheseCells in your home directory
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and for each line which is a cell get afs token for these cells.
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The TheseCells file defines the the cells to which applications on the
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local client machine should try to aquire tokens for. It must reside in
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the directories searched by @manpage{kafs,3} on every AFS client machine.
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The file is in ASCII format and contains one character string, the cell
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name, per line. Cell names are case sensitive, but most cell names
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are lower case.
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See manpage for @manpage{kafs,3} for search locations of ThisCell and TheseCells.
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@subsection How to get a KeyFile
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@file{ktutil -k AFSKEYFILE:KeyFile get afs@@MY.REALM}
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or you can extract it with kadmin
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@example
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kadmin> ext -k AFSKEYFILE:/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile afs@@My.CELL.NAME
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@end example
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You have to make sure you have a @code{des-cbc-md5} encryption type since that
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is the enctype that will be converted.
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@subsection How to convert a srvtab to a KeyFile
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You need a @file{/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell} containing the cellname of your
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AFS-cell.
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@file{ktutil copy krb4:/root/afs-srvtab AFSKEYFILE:/usr/afs/etc/KeyFile}.
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If keyfile already exists, this will add the new key in afs-srvtab to
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KeyFile.
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@section Using 2b tokens with AFS
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@subsection What is 2b ?
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2b is the name of the proposal that was implemented to give basic
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Kerberos 5 support to AFS in rxkad. It's not real Kerberos 5 support
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since it still uses fcrypt for data encryption and not Kerberos
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encryption types.
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Its only possible (in all cases) to do this for DES encryption types
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because only then the token (the AFS equivalent of a ticket) will be
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smaller than the maximum size that can fit in the token cache in the
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OpenAFS/Transarc client. It is a so tight fit that some extra wrapping
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on the ASN1/DER encoding is removed from the Kerberos ticket.
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2b uses a Kerberos 5 EncTicketPart instead of a Kerberos 4 ditto for
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the part of the ticket that is encrypted with the service's key. The
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client doesn't know what's inside the encrypted data so to the client
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it doesn't matter.
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To differentiate between Kerberos 4 tickets and Kerberos 5 tickets, 2b
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uses a special kvno, 213 for 2b tokens and 255 for Kerberos 5 tokens.
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Its a requirement that all AFS servers that support 2b also support
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native Kerberos 5 in rxkad.
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@subsection Configuring a Heimdal kdc to use 2b tokens
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Support for 2b tokens in the kdc are turned on for specific principals
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by adding them to the string list option @code{[kdc]use_2b} in the
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kdc's @file{krb5.conf} file.
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@example
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[kdc]
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use_2b = @{
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afs@@SU.SE = yes
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afs/it.su.se@@SU.SE = yes
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@}
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@end example
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@subsection Configuring AFS clients for 2b support
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There is no need to configure AFS clients for 2b support. The only
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software that needs to be installed/upgrade is a Kerberos 5 enabled
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@file{afslog}.
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