663 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
663 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
+===================== Installing FreeBSD ==========================+
|
|
| |
|
|
| Table of Contents: |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 0.0 Quick Start |
|
|
| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD for the impatient. |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 1.0 DOS User's Q&A section. |
|
|
| 1.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? |
|
|
| 1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? |
|
|
| 1.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? |
|
|
| 1.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 2.0 Preparing for the installation. |
|
|
| 2.1 Before installing from CDROM |
|
|
| 2.2 Before installing from Floppy |
|
|
| 2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition |
|
|
| 2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI tape |
|
|
| 2.5 Before installing over a network |
|
|
| 2.5.1 Preparing for NFS Installation |
|
|
| 2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 3.0 Installing FreeBSD. |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 3.1 Repairing an existing FreeBSD installation. |
|
|
| |
|
|
| 3.2 Upgrading from earlier releases of FreeBSD. |
|
|
| |
|
|
+=====================================================================+
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.0 Quick Start
|
|
=== ===========
|
|
|
|
This manual documents the process of installing FreeBSD on your
|
|
machine. Please also see the Hardware Guide (HARDWARE.TXT, or the
|
|
"Hardware" selection in the Documentation submenu of the boot floppy)
|
|
for hardware-specific installation instructions if you're not sure how
|
|
to configure your hardware or don't know what sorts of things one
|
|
should watch out for with PC UNIXes in general or FreeBSD in
|
|
particular.
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 Installing FreeBSD for the impatient:
|
|
|
|
So, you'd like to get started right away and a 3-chapter installation
|
|
guide is not for you, eh? No problem. First off, you need to get
|
|
yourself into the FreeBSD installation procedure. Assuming that you
|
|
have either a supported CDROM drive and an installation CD, or you
|
|
have a fast, reliable Internet connection to one of the FreeBSD mirror
|
|
sites, then this can be easily accomplished in one of three ways:
|
|
|
|
1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option
|
|
which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu
|
|
or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled,
|
|
FreeBSD 2.2.1 and later CDs support the "El Torrito" bootable
|
|
CD standard and simply having the 1st CD in your CDROM drive
|
|
during system boot will cause the installation to be executed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. If you have a FreeBSD distribution CD which you can see
|
|
from DOS, first disable any fancy memory managers you may
|
|
have configured and do this:
|
|
|
|
E> install
|
|
|
|
You should boot directly into the FreeBSD installation
|
|
screen.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: If this fails for any reason, go to step 3:
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Build a FreeBSD boot floppy from the floppies/boot.flp
|
|
file in a FreeBSD distribution. If you have a CD distribution,
|
|
simply run the ``makeflp.bat'' script, otherwise read
|
|
floppies/README.TXT for information on how to "image copy"
|
|
this file onto a floppy. Then simply boot directly from the
|
|
floppy and you should go into the installation after making a
|
|
stop at the kernel configuration menu.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once you're in the installation screen, you should be able to follow
|
|
the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've never used the
|
|
FreeBSD installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of
|
|
the documentation in the first "Usage" menu choice, as well as the
|
|
various docs in the Documentation submenu (though if you're reading
|
|
this section, you're probably not about to do any of that :-).
|
|
|
|
Remember: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online
|
|
documentation for that section. It may not always be the best
|
|
written doc around, but it's usually a lot better than nothing!
|
|
|
|
If you have a network connection (either ppp/slip or dedicated) the
|
|
installation will manage the outgoing connection for you in fetching
|
|
any additional distribution bits you may need along the way. If
|
|
you're using a CDROM, this is even more painless as no network
|
|
connection is needed unless you require DES bits or other
|
|
export-restricted software (all of which are available without
|
|
restriction as after-installation components from
|
|
ftp.internat.freebsd.org). If you're going to do a DOS install,
|
|
you should simply run the ``setup.exe'' program now and follow
|
|
its instructions.
|
|
|
|
The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape,
|
|
CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, and further
|
|
information on installing from each type of media is contained below
|
|
if this "quick start" section is not enough to get you going. See the
|
|
appropriate section in the table of contents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section
|
|
=== ======================================
|
|
|
|
1.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
|
|
|
|
If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
|
|
available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
|
|
the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
|
|
CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
|
|
|
|
FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
|
|
preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
|
|
second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
|
|
DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
|
|
will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
|
|
you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note
|
|
that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first,
|
|
so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions
|
|
where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete
|
|
the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by
|
|
examining its size! :)
|
|
|
|
See the Distributions menu for an estimation of how much free space
|
|
you'll need for the kind of installation you want.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
|
|
|
|
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
|
|
DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of
|
|
the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem
|
|
will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT
|
|
REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly!
|
|
|
|
It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
|
|
partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if
|
|
such is your desire.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
|
|
|
|
Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
|
|
``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E:
|
|
drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that
|
|
your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute
|
|
``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
|
|
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
|
|
|
|
Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
|
|
lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with BSDI's
|
|
RUNDOS utility may bring this much closer to being a reality sometime
|
|
soon. Send mail to freebsd-hackers@FreeBSD.org if you're interested in
|
|
joining this effort!
|
|
|
|
There is, however, a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports
|
|
collection which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS
|
|
text mode applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as
|
|
XFree86 3.2) to operate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0 Preparing for the installation
|
|
=== ==============================
|
|
|
|
2.1 Before installing from CDROM:
|
|
|
|
If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, then please skip to section
|
|
2.3 which describes how to install from a DOS partition.
|
|
|
|
There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to
|
|
successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other
|
|
CDROM distributions may work as well, though we cannot say for certain
|
|
as we have no hand or say in how they're created). You can either
|
|
boot into the CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's
|
|
supplied ``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with
|
|
the ``makeflp.bat'' command.
|
|
|
|
For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type "view". This will
|
|
bring up a DOS menu utility that leads you through all the available
|
|
options.
|
|
|
|
Once you've booted from DOS or floppy, you should then be able to
|
|
select CDROM as the media type in the Media menu and load the entire
|
|
distribution from CDROM (note: If you have only one CDROM drive, and
|
|
the appropriate FreeBSD CDROM is detected in it, it will be selected
|
|
automatically as your media).
|
|
|
|
After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted from the
|
|
hard disk, you can also mount the cdrom at any time by typing: ``mount
|
|
/cdrom''. Before removing the CD again, also note that it's necessary
|
|
to first type ``umount /cdrom''. Don't just remove it from the drive!
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL NOTE: Before invoking the installation, be sure that the CDROM
|
|
is in the drive so that the "probe" can find it! This is also true if
|
|
you wish the CDROM to be added to the default system configuration
|
|
automatically during the install (whether or not you actually use it
|
|
as the installation media).
|
|
|
|
INSTALLATION TIP: If you would like people to be able to FTP install
|
|
FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you'll find it quite
|
|
easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply need to add
|
|
the following line to the password file (using the vipw command):
|
|
|
|
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent
|
|
|
|
Anyone else at your site will now be able to chose a Media type of FTP
|
|
and type in: ftp://<your machine> after picking "Other" in the ftp
|
|
sites menu to install directly from the CD in your machine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 Before installing from Floppy:
|
|
|
|
If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
|
|
hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
|
|
first prepare some floppies for the install.
|
|
|
|
First, make a boot floppy as described in floppies/README.TXT
|
|
|
|
Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to
|
|
hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're
|
|
preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be
|
|
formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows,
|
|
use the Windows File Manager format command.
|
|
|
|
Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again
|
|
yourself, just to make sure! Many problems reported by our users in
|
|
the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media,
|
|
which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here!
|
|
|
|
If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format
|
|
is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem
|
|
on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to
|
|
put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of
|
|
commands illustrates:
|
|
|
|
fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
|
|
disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
|
|
newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0
|
|
|
|
After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to
|
|
copy the files onto them. The distribution files are split into
|
|
chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional
|
|
1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as
|
|
will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want
|
|
packed up in this fashion. Each distribution should go into its own
|
|
subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa,
|
|
a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy
|
|
of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order
|
|
to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and
|
|
concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto
|
|
floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each
|
|
distribution set!
|
|
|
|
Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and
|
|
you'll be prompted for the rest.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition:
|
|
|
|
To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply
|
|
copy the files from the distribution into a directory called
|
|
"FREEBSD". For example, to do a minimal installation of FreeBSD from
|
|
DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something like
|
|
this:
|
|
|
|
C> MD C:\FREEBSD
|
|
C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN
|
|
|
|
Assuming that `C:' was where you had free space and `E:' was where
|
|
your CD was mounted.
|
|
|
|
For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free
|
|
space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the
|
|
BIN dist is only the minimal requirement.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: Though you can do all of the above by hand if you
|
|
really want to, all of it is much more easily accomplished now by
|
|
Robert Nordier's "setup.exe" program. It will give you a menu of
|
|
distribution choices, verify that you have enough free space and do
|
|
all the copying to C:\FREEBSD for you automatically.
|
|
|
|
Once you've copied the directories or run setup.exe and let it do all
|
|
the work for you, you can simply launch the installation from DOS by
|
|
running the install.bat script (NOTE: Some memory managers don't like
|
|
this - disable QEMM or EMM386 if they're running before trying this)
|
|
or making a boot floppy as described in section 0.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape:
|
|
|
|
Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an
|
|
on-line install using FTP or a CDROM. The installation program
|
|
expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting
|
|
all of the files for the distributions you're interested in, simply
|
|
tar them onto the tape with a command like:
|
|
|
|
cd /where/you/have/your/dists
|
|
tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
|
|
|
|
When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you
|
|
leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed
|
|
to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've
|
|
created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of
|
|
installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should
|
|
expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written
|
|
on tape.
|
|
|
|
SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
|
|
the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation
|
|
"probe" may otherwise fail to find it.
|
|
|
|
Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with
|
|
the installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5 Before installing over a network:
|
|
|
|
After making a boot floppy, as described in section 2.1, you can load
|
|
the rest of the installation over a network.
|
|
|
|
You can do network installations over 3 types of connections:
|
|
|
|
Serial port: SLIP / PPP
|
|
Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable)
|
|
Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including
|
|
some PCMCIA).
|
|
|
|
Serial Port:
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to
|
|
hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two
|
|
computers. The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation
|
|
doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out
|
|
with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to
|
|
it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead.
|
|
|
|
If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service
|
|
Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know
|
|
it fairly early in the installation process. You may also need to
|
|
know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address
|
|
negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
|
|
your ISP if they support it.
|
|
|
|
You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for
|
|
dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer
|
|
provides only a very simple terminal emulator.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parallel Port:
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) or Linux
|
|
machine is available, you might also consider installing over a
|
|
"laplink" style parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel
|
|
port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line
|
|
(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine as your PLIP peer, you will
|
|
also have to specify "link0" in the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra
|
|
options for ifconfig'' field.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethernet:
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
For the fastest possible network installation, an Ethernet adaptor is
|
|
always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards,
|
|
a table of supported cards (and their required settings) being
|
|
provided as part of the FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation
|
|
menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of the CDROM). If
|
|
you are using one of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure
|
|
that it's plugged in _before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does
|
|
not, unfortunately, currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards.
|
|
|
|
You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
|
|
"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
|
|
Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to
|
|
your particular network setup. If you will be referring to other
|
|
hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server
|
|
and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
|
|
provider's IP address) to use in talking to it.
|
|
|
|
If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should
|
|
really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
|
|
trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address
|
|
or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot.
|
|
|
|
Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the
|
|
installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5.1 Preparing for NFS installation:
|
|
|
|
NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
|
|
FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
|
|
and then point the NFS media selection at it.
|
|
|
|
If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is
|
|
generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you
|
|
will need to set this option in the Options menu before
|
|
installation can proceed.
|
|
|
|
If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very
|
|
slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
|
|
Options flag.
|
|
|
|
In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support
|
|
"subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD 2.2 distribution directory
|
|
lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
|
|
Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of
|
|
/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff.
|
|
|
|
In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the
|
|
``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different
|
|
conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages
|
|
from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
|
|
properly enabled!
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation
|
|
|
|
FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
|
|
reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD 2.2. A full menu of
|
|
reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is
|
|
provided in the FTP site menu.
|
|
|
|
If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in
|
|
this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server
|
|
configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by
|
|
selecting the ``Other'' choice in that menu. A URL can
|
|
contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would
|
|
work in the absence of a name server:
|
|
|
|
ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-RELEASE
|
|
|
|
There are two FTP installation modes you can use:
|
|
|
|
o FTP:
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for
|
|
transfers. This will not work through most firewalls but
|
|
will often work best with older ftp servers that do not
|
|
support passive mode. If your connection hangs with
|
|
passive mode, try this one!
|
|
|
|
o FTP Passive:
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode. This allows
|
|
the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow
|
|
incoming connections on random port addresses.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY'
|
|
CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A
|
|
DIFFERENT PORT!
|
|
|
|
In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like:
|
|
|
|
ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
|
|
|
|
Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.0 Installing FreeBSD
|
|
--- ------------------
|
|
|
|
Once you've taken note of the appropriate preinstallation steps, you
|
|
should be able to install FreeBSD without any further trouble.
|
|
|
|
Should the installation fail at some stage, then you may wish to go
|
|
back and re-read the relevant preparation section (section 2.x) for
|
|
the installation media type you're trying to use. Perhaps there's a
|
|
helpful hint there that you missed the first time? If you're having
|
|
hardware trouble or FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, then read the
|
|
Hardware Guide again for a list of possible solutions.
|
|
|
|
The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line documentation you
|
|
should need to be able to navigate through an installation, and if it
|
|
doesn't then I'd like to know what you found most confusing so that I
|
|
can fix it in future releases! It is the objective of the FreeBSD
|
|
installation program (sysinstall) to be self-documenting enough that
|
|
painful "step-by-step" guides are no longer necessary.
|
|
|
|
Installation type overview:
|
|
|
|
o Custom installation:
|
|
|
|
You can do anything you like in this menu without altering your system
|
|
_except_ for "Commit", which will perform any pending actions you may
|
|
have selected. Some of the menu options will also have direct `Write'
|
|
commands available for committing an operation immediately, but they
|
|
should only be used if you're *absolutely sure* it's necessary. It's
|
|
generally safer to stack up your changes and then commit them all at
|
|
once so that you're left with the option of changing your mind up to
|
|
the very last moment. In particular, the (W)rite options in the fdisk
|
|
and label screens WILL NOT WORK for a new installation! They're meant
|
|
for tweaking *existing* installations, not doing new ones. Use the
|
|
final commit option as there is no advantage whatsoever to be gained
|
|
in writing the information out stage by stage in a new installation.
|
|
|
|
If you're confused at any point, the F1 key will pull up what is
|
|
hopefully some helpful information for the screen you're in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
o Express installation:
|
|
|
|
This installation will invoke all the appropriate steps in order as if
|
|
you'd selected them one by one from the custom installation menu. It
|
|
assumes that you *know what you are doing* and have run the
|
|
installation at least once before. If this is not the case, the
|
|
Novice installation method is recommended.
|
|
|
|
|
|
o Novice installation:
|
|
|
|
The Novice installation leads you through the required stages in the
|
|
proper order and presents you with various helpful prompts in between.
|
|
Once the system is installed, it will also present you with the
|
|
opportunity to perform a variety of "post install" actions.
|
|
|
|
A quick synopsis of the stages involved in a novice installation
|
|
follows:
|
|
|
|
o The first step is the `Partition Editor', which allows
|
|
you to chose how your drives will be used for FreeBSD.
|
|
If you're dedicating an entire drive to FreeBSD, the
|
|
`A' command is probably all you need to type here, otherwise
|
|
move to a partition marked `Unused' (or delete an existing one)
|
|
and use the `C' command to create a FreeBSD partition in its
|
|
place.
|
|
|
|
o Next, with the `Label Editor', you can specify how the space
|
|
in any FreeBSD partitions should be used by FreeBSD. You
|
|
can also mount any non-FreeBSD partitions (such as DOS) in this
|
|
screen. If you want the standard layout, simply type `A' for
|
|
the defaults.
|
|
|
|
o Next, the `Distributions' menu allows you to specify how much
|
|
of FreeBSD you'd like to load. A good choice is the "User"
|
|
distribution for a small system or the "Developer" distribution
|
|
for someone wanting a more programmer-oriented configuration.
|
|
If none of the existing collections seem applicable, select
|
|
Custom to choose the component distributions yourself.
|
|
|
|
o Next, the `Media' menu allows you to specify what kind of
|
|
media you wish to install from. If a given media type requires
|
|
extra information, such as networking information for an FTP
|
|
or NFS install, it will also be asked for at this point.
|
|
|
|
o Finally, you'll be prompted to commit all of these actions at
|
|
once (nothing has been written to your disk so far, nor will
|
|
it until you give the final confirmation).
|
|
|
|
All new or changed partition information will be written
|
|
out, file systems will be created and/or non-destructively
|
|
labeled (depending on how you set their newfs flags in the
|
|
Label Editor) and all selected distributions will be
|
|
extracted.
|
|
|
|
o After the system is fully installed, you'll then have the
|
|
option to configure the system in various ways, install a
|
|
WEB server, etc.
|
|
|
|
At this point, you're generally done with the sysinstall utility and
|
|
can reboot the system. If you elected to install the boot manager,
|
|
you should now see a small boot menu with an `F?' prompt. Press the
|
|
function key corresponding to the BSD partition and you should boot up
|
|
into FreeBSD off the hard disk.
|
|
|
|
If this fails to happen for some reason, see the Q & A section of the
|
|
Hardware Guide for possible clues! The most likely problem is a
|
|
mis-matched disk geometry, which will have to be corrected with a
|
|
second pass through the install, using the (G) command in the fdisk
|
|
menu to properly set the geometry the next time.
|
|
|
|
Should you wish to re-enter this installation later, you will find it
|
|
under /stand/sysinstall on the installed system.
|
|
|
|
Good luck! If you really get stuck, you may send mail to our support
|
|
mailing list - freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org. We'll do our best to help you!
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.1 Repairing an existing FreeBSD installation.
|
|
--- -------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
FreeBSD 2.2 now features a "Fixit" option in the top menu of the boot
|
|
floppy. To use it, you will also need a fixit.flp image floppy,
|
|
generated in the same fashion as the boot floppy, or the 2nd CDROM
|
|
from Walnut Creek CDROM's FreeBSD distribution.
|
|
|
|
To invoke fixit, simply boot the boot floppy, chose the "Fixit" item
|
|
and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when asked. You will then be
|
|
placed into a shell with a wide variety of commands available (in the
|
|
/stand and /mnt2/stand directories) for checking, repairing and
|
|
examining file systems and their contents. Some UNIX administration
|
|
experience *is* required to use the fixit option!
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 Upgrading from earlier releases of FreeBSD.
|
|
--- -------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
It must first be said that the system installation boot floppy's
|
|
"Upgrade" option DOES NOT take a particularly sophisticated approach to
|
|
the problem of upgrading, it being more of an attempt to provide the very
|
|
minimum in what is necessary to upgrade from one release to the next.
|
|
A more polished upgrade that dealt properly with the broad spectrum of
|
|
installed 2.1 systems would be nice to have, but until that gets
|
|
written what you get is this - the brute-force approach!
|
|
|
|
What this upgrade will attempt to do is best summarized thusly:
|
|
|
|
1. fsck and mount all file systems chosen in the label editor.
|
|
2. Ask for a location to preserve your /etc directory into and do so.
|
|
3. Extract all selected distributions on top of your existing system.
|
|
4. Copy certain obvious files back from the preserved /etc, leaving the
|
|
rest of the /etc file merge up to the user.
|
|
5. Drop user in a shell so that they may perform that merge before
|
|
rebooting into the new system.
|
|
|
|
And that's it! This "upgrade" is not going to hold your hand in all
|
|
major respects, it's simply provided to make one PART of the upgrade
|
|
easier.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT NOTE: What this upgrade procedure may also do, in fact, is
|
|
completely destroy your system (though much more quickly than you
|
|
would have been able to destroy it yourself). It is simply impossible
|
|
to guarantee that this procedure's crude form of upgrade automation
|
|
will work in all cases and if you do this upgrade without proper
|
|
BACKUPS for any important data then you really must like living life
|
|
close to the edge, that's all we can say!
|
|
|
|
NOTE to 2.0 users: We're sorry, but the "slice" changes that were
|
|
added in FreeBSD 2.0.5 made automated upgrades pretty difficult due to
|
|
the fact that a complete reinstall is pretty much called for. Things
|
|
may still *work* after a 3.0 upgrade, but you will also no doubt
|
|
receive many warnings at boot time about non-aligned slices and such;
|
|
we really do recommend a fresh installation for 2.0 systems! (But
|
|
back up your user data first :-).
|
|
|
|
Jordan
|
|
|
|
---- End of Installation Guide ---
|